EsSEx: Revista Científica

8-18

Authors: Otavio Augusto Brioschi Soares, Pedro Ivo da Silveira Santos

The Operational Medicine of the Brazilian Army, within the scope of the Parachute Infantry Brigade, has undergone a change in the protocols and modus operand in the activities developed by the Parachutist Health Detachment and by the Parachutist Logistics Health Company over the last three years. from the Paratrooper Logistic Battalion, which are the units responsible for this health support in the units of this Brigade. This growing update was necessary in the pre-Federal intervention period that took place in 2018, when the Paratrooper Infantry Brigade went to work with the federal, municipal and state bodies of Rio de Janeiro as a guarantee of law and order in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the operational health experienced in all missions in support of this brigade’s infantry battalions. In 2017, a new Logistics Manual was created, in which the Logistics Health Logistics Battalion Companies were extinguished, but in 2018, due to the particularities necessary for health support, the Parachutist units resumed their activities within the Logistics Battalion of the logistics company. only doctrinally with other characteristics. Along with these processes, the doctrine of Health Battalions is already in force, where each Military Area Command will have its Health Battalion and it will be responsible for the missions that may arise within the scope of this great command. meet the demands of the Brigade of Infantry Parachutists health elements must be able to this specialty then taking advantage of the proposal to terminate the Logistics Health Company Blog and the new proposal of the Health Battalion we studied this proposal, to extinguish the company Blog health logistics and the health elements of that company integrate the health detachment, following the methodology of FAMES and DOAMEPI, optimizing the management of personnel and health material with all its complexity and ultimately optimizing the performance of health operators within of the Parachute Infantry Brigade.

27-33

Authors: Bruno Ribeiro Guimarães, Raphael Teixeira Moreira, Miriam Kemper

Facial trauma in the warzone is an important factor of functional and aesthetic disability. Due to it’s position in the body and lack of proper protective equipment the face is a common area of this type of lesion. The pattern of these lesions have followed the change of it’s etiology during the last years. Therefore it’s important to identify the type of weapon employed and the prevention and optimal treatment of these types of lesions. The aim of this study is identify the incidence and etiology of these type of lesions trough an integrative literature review. Scientific database (PUBMED, Scieloe ScienceDirect) were used following the analysis of related papers. Based on the current data we may conclude that oral and maxillofacial lesions have a relevant incience and it’s major etiology are shrapnel/explosives. Therefore the oral and maxillofacial surgeon plays an important role in the context of operational health support.

46-60

Authors: Leandro Barbosa Torres dos Santos, Thiago Rabello Santos, Flávio Roberto Campos Maia

The aim of the present work was to unveil the impact of the training of military personnel in the pre-hospital care line, on the survival of the injured military. A systematic review of the topic was carried out in the literature, using the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Lilacs, Scielo, Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Evidence and EBUSCA (Brazilian Army libraries) databases, in addition to the Google Scholar (gray literature). It was evidenced in the review that there are, even in Brazil, several medical entities specialized in tactical APH, some formed even by ex-combatants from other countries or military personnel who acted with the need for special first aid techniques, with specialization courses that they serve security companies, public agencies and the interested public in order to spread the TCCC mentality in the current scenario, showing that there is no lack of sources for the formation of such a doctrine in the Brazilian Army. The PHC is primary care for victims of trauma and clinical disorders, recommended in several countries and in Brazil. The clinical reasons for assistance during the actions carried out by the APH teams, in the military environment, are certainly not usual, due to the potential health of the military, which must be taken into account in the health of their personnel. It was also observed, the fact that the army consists of younger soldiers with unique physical strength to carry out the missions. Trauma, as well as clinical causes, is minimized by training the troops, and faithfully implementing safety regulations and standards in military activities, thereby preventing the occurrence of adverse events. Thus, the training of military personnel in the war line is of paramount importance for the effective implementation of the APH within the scope of the Brazilian Army. This aspect also allows for a more fluid system and relieves service in some more specialized sectors. From this perspective, another factor to be considered is the complexity of the training of the APH teams, requiring specialized technical knowledge for their execution, and also the provision of equipment (ambulances, supplies, etc.) for the execution of the missions, which must be of great importance for APH to be efficient in EB.

72-89

Authors: Mickaela Fischer Silva, Paula Sá, Otavio Augusto Brioschi Soares

Maintaining the health of the military personnel in the various scenarios is crucial to guarantee that troops will be in full condition for action. This force health protection encompasses several areas. However, in this study, they were listed on five main axes: disease and zoonosis control, waste management and management of synanthropic animals, immunization and chemoprophylaxis, water and food protection and health intelligence. The present study was based on the application of questionnaires among specialists, with the goal to contribute to the formulation of approaches for the training and development of force health protection skills in the scenarios of military campaign operations. For this, electronic questionnaires were produced, then answered by specialists in the relevant areas, on these five axes. Overall, it were discussed 46 tasks that would be fundamental to develop this aspect of health protection, 10 doctrinal points to follow, and some other activities that should be carried out at the operational and strategic levels for training and development of a preventive culture. The importance of such actions is evident in the high rate of losses and deaths due to preventable infectious diseases during military operations throughout history. It is essential that consistent policies and strategies are developed for the health protection of the military personnel.

5-23

Authors: Nádia Vaez Gonçalves da Cruz, Clarissa R. Damaso

The eradication of smallpox is considered one of the greatest achievements of mankind that was achieved in 1980 thanks to the use of one of the most potent vaccine ever developed. However, in the present global scenario, variola virus is considered a potential threat that can be used as a biological weapon for bioterrorism purposes. Advances in biotechnology, lack of immunity in much of the world population, restricted vaccine stocks, and the risk that hidden stocks of the virus still exist are the main reasons that would allow the disease to return. The present review covers several historical, epidemiological,and clinical aspects of smallpox and itseradication, but mainly it discusses measures for containment and prevention of smallpox used in the past and those currently available, as well as the worldwide efforts to prevent smallpox from returning and haunt the human race again.

35-40

Authors: Nastassja S. Mendes de Souza, Antonio Manne Filho

The present study aims to describe the functioning and importance of medical intelligence in support of military operations. A literature review on the subject was carried out from 1982 to the present day. The medical intelligence service is used to obtain knowledge and aims at formulating strategies for the prevention of diseases and health-related constraints. In 1941, during the period of the Second World War, it was initiated and applied through bulletins with health information. In the period leading up to its creation, large epidemics, poor sanitary conditions and adverse weather conditions lead to large casualties on the battlefields. In conclusion, technological improvements, vaccine discoveries and new preventive measures have been of great importance in the development of health intelligence and are determinant in maintaining the integrity of the troop and fulfillment of the mission.

57-73

Authors: João Gilberto de Sá de Jesus, Cláudia de Almeida Guaranha Guaranha

Introduction: Dysentery results from the evolution of a diarrheal syndrome, which has a multifactorial etiology. However, in many cases, dysentery may be due to a poor early diagnosis, which is usually quite simple, causing late treatment, providing the military with a clinical picture. much more exuberant and even serious, causing several casualties in the PRPO and even earlier, compromising the entire operation. Objectives: To stimulate the implementation of protocols that provide an effective, fast, simple and early diagnosis of military personnel with diarrhea complaints or already starting clinical presentation of dysenteric syndrome, promoting their screening, so that we can establish which ones can remain in the Line. Contact Zone (combat zone) and those to be removed / evacuated to the interior zone (Campaign Hospitals and General Hospitals), thus allowing a control of medical expenses by the combatant force employed. Development: Understand what are the initial changes in a military man with a complaint of diarrhea, who will seek care both pre, but mainly per operational, so that there is an early and efficient treatment for it, avoiding that the military gets sick in whatever way it takes. to be evacuated to higher levels as well as to prevent infection of other military personnel in the area of operation, leading to significant casualties, even before action on the target. Understanding what is a diarrhea and dysenteric syndrome, what are the main microorganisms involved bringing this information to the missions of EB. Conclusion: Promotion of pre-operative educational lectures on the symptoms for the staff to be employed, teaching the military in the Combat Zone symptomatic initial self-treatment measures, medical intelligence on local epidemiology and hygiene and operational ration to be adopted, determination of Symptom severity, with simple stool analysis as well as vital signs, can prevent major damage to the treasury for the health system of the force, maintaining the full operability of the troops