Sport Mont

9-15

Authors: Stevo Popovic

This research study had two main goals; the first was to compare consumers’ attitudes towards advertising in general and attitudes towards advertising through sport, while the second was to verify the association of beliefs about and attitudes towards advertising through sport. The data was collected from 173 randomly selected students (male: 75; female: 98) who attended Middle East Technical University in Ankara. The questionnaire contained eight socio-demographic items and 39 items that were related to attitudes and beliefs about advertising through sport. A factor analysis was carried out to select the most influential item of each construct, and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare attitudes toward advertising in general and advertising through sport, while the Optimal Scaling Method was used to discover whether beliefs about the influence of consumer’s attitudes toward advertising through sport that have been more positive than their attitudes toward advertising in general. This analysis confirmed that consumers’ attitudes towards advertising through sport were significantly more positive than advertising in general, while some beliefs (social role and image, hedonism/pleasure and annoyance/irritation) significantly influenced Turkish consumers’ attitudes towards advertising through sport.

23-28

Authors: Javad Sarvestan, Mahdi Cheraghi, Elham Shirzad, Zdenek Svoboda

Force-Time (F-T) curve variables of the vertical jump are known as contributing factors in jumping height. Experience-related differences might also have impacts on kinetic and kinematic outputs of athletes’ jump. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between F-T curve variables with jump height (JH) and observe the differences between elite and collegiate basketball players. With institutional ethics approval, 12 elites (24.3±5.9 years, 195.4±23.1 cm, 89.1±15.2 kg, 13.6±2.3 years’ experience) and 12 collegiate (21.6±2.5 years, 183.2±6.1 cm, 75.3±9.5 kg, 9.1±1.8 years’ experience) male basketball players participated in this study. Correlation between F-T variables -included time, force, velocity, power and modified reactive strength (MRSI) - in the eccentric and concentric phases and JH was studied. Outcomes portrayed that concentric Relative Peak Force (r=0.71), Relative Peak Power (r=0.83), Peak Velocity (r=0.99) and MRSI (r=0.71) in elite players, and concentric Relative Peak Force (r=0.79), Average Power (r=65), Relative Peak Power (r=0.81), Peak Velocity (r=0.98) and MRSI (r=0.83) in collegiate players were significantly correlated with JH. Absolute and relative measures of power and force are shown to have a vital role in jump performance of basketball players. MRSI, which is defined as an explosiveness measurement in athletes, could be accounted as of jump performance criteria. Focusing on selected factors described above in training programs could enhance athlete jump performance, particularly in basketball society.

35-39

Authors: Marijo Moznik, Marijo Bakovic, Hrvoje Ajman

During a bungee jump, numerous physiological responses occur in the body of a jumper, such as mild dizziness, increased sweating, and rapid breathing. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the physiological parameters of subjects before, immediately before and after the first bungee jump, by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and perception of fear. Subject sample was formed by 17 students of the Faculty of Kinesiology from Zagreb, who did not have experience with bungee jumps until the beginning of the research. The sample of variables was made of the values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perception of fear. The results indicated that prior to the jump, the heart rate and blood pressure values were within the limits of normal values and the perception of fear was very small. Immediately before the jump, the heart rate and blood pressure increased and the perception of fear increased significantly. After the jump, there was a normalization of the heart rate, blood pressure, and reduced perception of fear. The results of this study suggest that there are many physiological reactions in the human body happening during high-adrenaline activities.

47-52

Authors: Abu-Alim Mariam, Hatamelh Mazin

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between physical activity levels and the type of barriers of engaging in physical activity and exercise depending on working experience years among women who have sedentary long hours jobs. Participants of this study were (101) female workers (M=36.6, SD=6.2 years) who were recruited randomly from (Yarmouk University, Irbid Jordan). Participants were grouped according to years of working experience: less than 5 years (n=34), 5-9 years (n=32), more than 10 years (n=35). Current exercise levels and perceived barriers to physical activity were assessed by the Arabic short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were observed between years of experience and type of barriers. Whereas, the results of this study showed that the physical activity and exercise barrier among all participants where the lack of energy (M=6.1, SD=1.7), followed by lack of time barrier (M=5.9, SD=1.8). The findings of this study suggest that working women despite their working experience have similar physical activity and exercising barriers, that might benefit from interventions and strategies to overcome barriers by enhancing physical activity and exercise during working hours.

59-62

Authors: Petra Pacesova, Pavel Smela, Branislav Antala

The aim of the paper is to identify the level of male’s well-being and anxiety trait regarding their level of sport activity. The research group consists of 86 males (20.40±1.08 years; n: 29 recreational athletes, 21 elite athletes, 36 nonathletes). We used the BDP questionnaire to determine the level of male’s wellbeing and STAI questionnaire to determine the level of anxiety trait. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to test the normality of the data and Kruskal-Wallis test, with post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test to test the differences between the samples. We have noticed a difference in level of well-being as well as the anxiety trait. Pair comparison of groups have showed a significant difference in level of physical problems between recreational and elite athletes. We have also noticed a difference in the level of positive attitude towards life, self-esteem, and depressive mood between recreational athletes and nonathletes. Differences were also observed between elite athletes and nonathletes – in the level of both positive dimensions of well-being and in the level of physical problems and depressive mood as well. The difference in the level of anxiety trait was noticed only between recreational athletes and nonathletes.

69-74

Authors: Chulhwan Choi, Chul-Ho Bum

Since the concentration of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere is rapidly increasing, recently to severe levels, and it has a fatal effect on human health, a change in people’s awareness of outdoor physical activities is necessary. Nevertheless, people still take part in outdoor physical activities, even on days when a fine dust risk alert is issued, which shows that people’s awareness of the danger of fine dust to their health is still lacking. This study used 341 surveys that was conducted to analyze and compare people’s motives for participation in physical activities in relation to the fine dust level. After an exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis using SPSS 23.0, the level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere was divided into “dangerous” and “normal,” while the respondents to the survey were divided into a “with fine dust group” and a “without fine dust group.” People’s participation motives were compared and analyzed by using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). People who participated in outdoor physical activities on days with a severe fine dust concentration showed higher scores for the motives of Competition, Appearance, Physical Condition, and Mastery, while those who participate in outdoor physical activities on days without a find dust alert showed higher scores for the motive of Psychological Condition. Countermeasures against the danger of fine dust that are more effective should be established by analyzing the motives of people who participate in outdoor physical activities despite the dangerous level of fine dust concentration in the atmosphere.

81-85

Authors: Filomena Mazzeo, Valeria Di Onofrio

Sport activity, must be directed to the promotion of individual and collective health. Thus, there is no doubt that drugs and pharmacological nutriment have been used by sportsmen and women to improve his physical performance. Doping is defined as “use of substances or adoption of medical practices not justified by pathological conditions, aimed at improving competitive performance”. It occurs not only in professional sport, but also affects amateur athletes. The effects of the abuse of add-on substances or the intake of substances that alter the outcome of the competition are in the educational interest of the school and it is a problem concerning not only sports ethics, but also public health. Over time, doping has shown a great ability to discover and always use new substances and appropriated the new scientific discoveries. Unfortunately, new discoveries for the human health are been used in distorted way by the athletes. In fact, the athletes may be able to use gene therapy to re-engineer their bodies for better performances. Drugs dependence depends on several factors: the socio-environmental context of the subject and what effects have the substance in the body. The purpose of the study was to reviewed the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport in relating to the protection of the healh of athletes. We focus our analysis on pharmacological and epidemiological issue.

93-97

Authors: Volodymyr Klymovych, Mukola Korchagin, Oleh Olkhovyі, Serhii Romanchuk, Artur Oderov

In terms of functioning of physical education system in higher educational establishments, a four-year educational pedagogical experiment with the application of the directional technology of acquiring professional-applied motor skills was implemented. According to the results of approbation of experimental technology, a reliable improvement in the state of psychophysiological qualities was recorded in the study group: evaluation of the process of main nervous processes excitation - by 125.32 Ms (p<0.001), the forces of the excitation process, internal inhibition and mobility of the main nervous processes - by 145.99 Ms (p<0.001), “an adequate indicator of the relative change in the strength of the excitation process, internal inhibition and mobility of the main nervous processes” - by 20.66 Ms (p<0.001).

103-106

Authors: Cevdet Tinazci, Samir EAlrefai, Oytun Musa

This study aims to evaluate Physical Activity (PA) among undergraduate students. Physical activity is associated with many physical and psychological health benefits, both in the prevention of ill, health and the management of existing health conditions and a strong relationship between being physically active and good health.The researchers used the descriptive approach to study 515 undergraduate students from the University of Tripoli in Libya. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short version was used to identify the physical activity levels among the participants. Higher prevalence of physical activity was found in moderate intensity which reached 18.49 minutes per day during the average of 3.69 days, while the High intensity PA category was only 9.38 minutes per day during the average of 1.54 days per week, participants were reached 28.02 minutes as an average time of walking with the average of 4.05 days of the week. The results of the study, indicated that all the students of the sample achieved moderate PA rates (18.49 minutes per day), which was higher than the rate of high intensity physical activity that was only (9.38minutes per day). Thus these results indicate that the sample did not reach the WHO recommendations toward physical activity and health even when combining the high moderate and high physical activity levels that achieved during the week.

111-114

Authors: Soetanto Hartono, Achmad Widodo, Himawan Wismanadi, Gulbuldin Hikmatyar

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of rolling massage, massage, and ice bath on lactate removal and delayed onset muscle soreness. Thirty students of Faculty of Sport Sciences of third semester were randomly selected and assigned to three groups, roller massage, massage, and ice bath group. All groups were doing Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) after 10 minute warm up. Eight minutes after RAST, all students were examined their blood lactate using blood lactate analyzer. The roller massage group was treated using foam roller for 5 minutes, , the massage group was massaged for 5 minutes, the ice bath group were put in 10 degree cold water for 5 minutes, then their blood lactate were reexamined. The normality test of roller massage is .022, and homogeinity test p=.133, so the data was analized using nonparametric Kruskal Wallis. Contrary to results of other studies, lactate removal tends to be the most effective in ice bath treatment (17.40) compared with massage treatment (16.65), and roller massage (12.45), and reduction in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) tends to be most effective in ice bath treatment (12.25) compared with massage treatment (13.95), and roller massage (20.30) eventhough non significant (p=.399). Vasoconstriction effect of ice bath made a faster lactate removal, physique trait also might have an effect. Cooling effect of ice bath has an effective analgetic effect.

9-14

Authors: Bojan Masanovic, Tonci Bavcevic, Ivana Bavcevic

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of junior soccer and volleyball players from the Serbian National League as well as to make a comparison between them. Seventy-one male athletes were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: twenty-five soccer players, fourteen volleyball players and thirty-two healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using standardized procedures recommended by previous studies. Data was analysed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect effects of each type of sport. The results showed that a significant difference was found in variables height, weight, and body fat, but no significant difference was found in the remaining three variables, body mass index, muscle mass or bone content. Volleyball players were significantly taller and heavier than soccer players or subjects from the control group, while there was no significant difference between height and weight of soccer players and subjects from the control group. Subjects from the control group had significantly higher percentage of body fat than both soccer and volleyball players. Soccer players had the lowest percentage of body fat, while subjects from the control group had the highest values of the same variable. Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest to them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the process of talent identification.

23-28

Authors: Filippou Filippos, Tsitskari Efi, Bebetsos Evangelos, Goulimaris Dimitris

The study’s aim was to cross-validate the “Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire” (BRSQ), of Lonsdale and his co-authors (2008) in a Greek dance context. The sample consisted of 390 dancers, 249 coming from folk dance groups and 141 from non-folkdance groups. The scale was translated into Greek using the back-translation procedure. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency analysis using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics were calculated to broadly examine the participation motives and Independent samples t-test calculated the differences in the participants’ motives according to the kind of dance they chose to participate in. The Greek version of BRSQ showed stable psychometric properties. Intrinsic motivation is highly evaluated by both traditional and modern/classic dance participants, though the participants of different types of dances statistically different evaluate some of their intrinsic and extrinsic motives of participation.

33-37

Authors: Kenioua Mouloud

The aim of the study was to examine and describe the level of state anxiety among football players according different playing positions. The research group consisted 61 male youth football players (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders and (forwards) attackers) of age ranged from 16 to 19, from Fanzeres Academy -city of Porto Portugal-The subjects were randomly selected and were categorized by their playing positions. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) was used to collect data, sport-specific state anxiety scale, the CSAI-2 was developed to Portuguese version. Descriptive statistics, kruskal-wallis Test and spearman’s correlation analysis were used to calculate data. The results showed that there was above moderate level of state anxiety among youth football players and no significant difference in state anxiety among youth football players according playing positions. It is essential that coaches and sport psychologists develop strategies to identify the state anxiety of youth football players in order to enhance their performance.

45-49

Authors: Fitim Arifi, Dusko Bjelica, Bojan Masanovic

The aim of this study was to obtain the relevant knowledge about significant differences in some anthropometric characteristics of junior soccer and handball players. The sample included 40 male subjects divided into two subsamples. The first subsample included 25 subjects, who train in the junior selection in the Football club Vojvodina from Novi Sad, while the other subsample included 15 subjects who train in the junior selection in the Handball club Vrbas, from Vrbas. The variables sample included 20 anthropometric measures that defined longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and mass of the body, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results is analysed in a statistical procedure marked as a significance testing of two arithmetic means of the independent samples, a t-test at the level of significance of p<0.05. Based on the result, it was concluded that significant differences occur in wrist diameter, ankle joint diameter, upper arm circumference (min), upper arm circumference (max), lower leg circumference (max), upper arm skinfolf, lower arm skinfold, thigh skinfold, calf skinfold, chest skinfold and abdomen skinfold, while the significant difference does not occur in body height, bodyweight, elbow diameter, knee diameter, lower arm circumference (min), lower arm circumference (max), upper leg circumference (min), upper leg circumference (max), and lower leg circumference (min).

55-60

Authors: Pietro Montesano, Filomena Mazzeo

Obesity is known to be a major risk of whole range of cardio vascular, metabolic and respiratory disorders. The etiology of obesity can be genetic, hormonal and determine the central obesity (or visceral or android). It is characterized by the deposit of fat especially abdominal and recognizable by a waist-hip ratio of more than 0.85 in women and 0.95 in ‘man, and the peripheral (or subcutaneous or gynoid) that shows a ratio of less than 0.85 in women and 0.95 in men. The research was carried out in order to monitor and improve the correct use of the respiratory function of obese adolescents by developing a sports program aimed at reducing body weight and enhancing motor skills on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) aged between 14 and 16 years for a period of eight months. Results showed a reduction in body weight for almost all participants. For 26 subjects, the reduction was around 10%, while for others it was around 8%. Only 8 subjects did not significantly change their weight. The improvement of the motor program, on average, was about 9.5%. The phenomenon of obesity is often one of the factors of discomfort conditions in adolescence that slows down the process of social inclusion and highlights “paramorhism” that has negative effect on the respiratory function. Sport is one of the most important activities to combat the problem of weight gain because, through the rules of sports disciplines, it favors the acquisition of correct lifestyles.

69-73

Authors: Filomena Mazzeo, Stefania Santamaria, Pietro Montesano

In last years, there has been a multitude of studies on doping, such as in recreational and in amateur sport. The extent of this phenomenon was clarified for special populations (like e.g. bodybuilders) and for special substances (mostly for anabolic steroids). Doping is present in sportsmen and women; the reasons why may be many and various. The aim of this study is to discover the gender disparity of drugs addiction as doping practice and breakdown by sport bodies and gender. The data show the anti-doping test took place on Italian professional athletes during the last years: from 2007 to 2017. Data showed are originated from the report commissioned by the Italian Ministry of Health. About checked doped athletes there are significant gender differences in doping attitude and/or in doping profiling. First of all, males seem to be more exposed to doping than females. The prohibited substances most frequently used by females athletes are diuretics and masking agents (10 athletes in 2014), cannabinoids (5 in 2007) and stimulants (5 in 2011) compared to males athletes who use mostly anabolic agents (27 in 2017), cannabinoids (20 in 2012) and diuretics and masking agents (17 in 2011 e 2014). The addiction of doping substances, depends on various factors related to gender, but what drives men and women is the sense of gratification and ego orientation. Nowadays a significant number of women joined official and Olympic competitions. Doping to enhance female sport performances took importance from the two last decades of the past century.

79-82

Authors: Tiziana D’Isanto, Francesca D’Elia, Gaetano Raiola and Gaetano Altavilla

Sport evaluation is a fundamental moment in the training process of every athlete, every team and is an indispensable support for the coach. The aims and all the aspects related to the assessment, will be taken into consideration, together to that can have a positive effect on performance, allowing each athlete, team and coach a good workout or match, whatever their competitive level. The approach is argumentative theoretical for the part relating at the training theory. Firstly, summarizing and deducting the scientific idea of research and of apply it in the practices of measurement and evaluation of the sport performance. One of the topics investigated is the relationship between genetic factors and training factors, in determining the performance of an athlete. The athlete’s evaluation process should be useful in setting up and controlling the training and providing information to improve sport performance.

87-90

Authors: Arijana Lllagjevic-Govori, Enver Tahiraj, Ardit Gashi, Dardan Llagjaj

The purpose of this work is the information about the hierarchical (structural) organizing of football school ”2 Korriku”, and doing it more clearly and effective we used SWOT analyze which presents in details the current situation, positive performances (achievements) the negative ones, possibilities and risks that is the characteristic of this analyze. In the context of this problem not only the analyze of SWOT clarifies everything about the activities, the school itself, but also the purpose of it, adequate insurance of every subtlety in details of the school, staff, volunteers activity, time, date, place and participants where this football school “2 Korriku” activity is taking place. Football school`s coachers “2 Korriku” that are doing their professional and educative job in the advancement of this school, we have used this analyze, where we notified the staff and the coachers in advance about this analyze, who then they gave their opinions in the charts which we present in our work. From these recommendations that we presen below, this school is in a good way of organizing, establishing financial stability, infrastructural and the professional one, based to some other investments that are done, and in the future they are planning to do more, so to accomplish all of these, it`s good to manage them in time by rational use from the management to the coacher of age groups. So the activity of other football schools should be based on football school “2 Korriku” as a model, because to those who are interested, and to the other coaches would be useful based on the results that this educational and sport institution has,where these results will be evident later, whether they are in education, courtesy, donations-sponsorship, infrastructure and afterwards in formation of players.

93-95

Authors: Andjela Jaksic-Stojanovic, Marija Jankovic, Neven Seric

The contemporary development of tourism is characterized by the development of specific forms of tourism, among which is sports tourism. Tourism and sport are two forms of interconnected activities in the sphere of tourist recreation and their relationship dates back to the very beginning of their development. Sport in modern tourism has not only a perceptive role, but it is also an important content of the stay in which tourists become active participants of various sports: water sports, tennis, golf, skiing, riding, sports games, etc. Having on mind the potential of Montenegro for tourism development, the fact that it represents one of the main pillars of economic progress of the country, as well as the trends and perspectives on global tourist market, it is necessary to identify key advantages and disadvantages of sports tourism in Montenegro in order to improve the quality of this segment of tourist offer.

101-103

Authors: Stevo Popovic

The research question in this paper was set in order to answer the question of who is playing for the national football team of Montenegro, whether "modern Montenegrins" or "ethnic Montenegrins", that is, to try to explain in a practical way how the inhabitants of Montenegro should experience the nation, and how ethnicity. By analysing the current circumstances, it has been determined that for the national football team of Montenegro exclusively inhabitants can play, that is the citizens of Montenegro, regardless of their ethnicity, religion or some third affiliation at a lower level of value while ethnic Montenegrins from Diaspora cannot play for the national football team of Montenegro because they do not hold Montenegrin citizenship. Therefore, it is not difficult to conclude that only members of one nation can play for a national football team, and in the Montenegrin case, they are inhabitants, that is, citizens of Montenegro.