Sport Mont

9-14

Authors: Zeljko Kovacevic, Frane Zuvela, Goran Kuvacic

The main aim of this study was to validate the measuring instruments for assessing sprinting speed and specific agility in youth soccer players. The study was conducted on a sample of 32 soccer players in younger age categories. The sample of variables included three tests assessing sprinting speed (5-meter sprint from a standing start, 20-meter sprint from a standing start, and flying 15-meter sprint), and three tests assessing specific agility (slalom run with a ball, zig-zag run with a ball, and 20-meter sprint with a ball). Metric characteristics of tests were determined by calculating indicators of reliability, homogeneity, sensitivity, and factor and pragmatic validity. The values of indicators of metric characteristic showed that the applied motor tests had high level of reliability, good homogeneity, normal distribution of data, and acceptable values of factor and pragmatic validity. As a recommendation for future scientific and/or expert activities which would include assessment of speed and specific agility in young soccer players, investigations should definitely include 20-meter sprint from a standing start and slalom run with a ball.

19-24

Authors: Bojan Masanovic

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of junior basketball and volleyball players from Serbian national league and to make comparison between them. Fifty-nine males were enrolled in the study divided into three groups: thirteen basketball players, fourteen volleyball players and thirty-two healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for the anthropometric measures required for the calculation of body composition variables, using standardized procedure recommended by established literature. Data was analyzed using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as mean (SD) for each variable, while ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to detect the effects of each type of sport. The results showed there was no significant difference in body mass index and bone content of body among the groups, while a significant difference was found for body height, body weight, muscle and fat contents of body among the groups. Basketball and volleyball players were significantly taller and heavier than the subjects of the control group, while there was not any significant difference between the body height and body weight of basketball and volleyball players. Muscle content of basketball players was significantly higher than control subjects, while a significant difference was not noticed between volleyball players and subjects of control group. Fat content in the body of basketball and volleyball players are significantly lower than the percent of fat content in the body of control group, while there was not found any other difference in this content. These findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and suggest them to follow recent selection process methods and to be more careful during the recruitment.

31-36

Authors: Stevo Popovic

The purpose of this study is to analyses the personal scientific production of Montenegrin sports sciences researchers, as well as trend of publication within Montenegrin sports sciences journals. This investigation subject included the studies published in the period from 2002 to 2017 that have been focused on the sports sciences issues. The electronic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched for research articles available until 6 September 2018. Then research findings were summarized in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the number of citation, h-index, i10-index as well as number of documents by authors were presented respectively. Results of this study indicated that the sports sciences researchers rapidly increased the number of publications from 2002 to 2017 and switch the writing language from Montenegrin to English, especially in last five years. The number of citations span from 100 and 2800 within most of researchers, while h-index and i10-index span from 4 to 30 in most cases in Google Scholar database, while the same researchers were cited quite lesser in Scopus and Web of Science databases. On the other hand, in Google Scholar database, there are three registered Montenegrin journals: Sport Mont journal (over 1000 articles published since 2002) is the most cited one with highest h-index (16), Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (over 80 articles) is the best ranked Montenegrin journal, while Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education (over 40 articles) was established in 2017 and the relevant analyses could not be possible to be completed, while the analyses in Scopus and Web of Science were conducted for the Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and it was reached quite lower score too. It was indicated the highest impact was recognized in the last years, regarding to citations of available articles published by Montenegrin authors, as well as writing style of articles published in English. Hence, the further deployment is expected in upcoming period.

43-49

Authors: Kyongmin Lee, Yongseek Kim, Woojeong Cho

In the field of organizational behavior theory, the influence of servant leadership and organizational culture on the job satisfaction of organization members has been actively studied to effectively achieve the goals set by the organization. However, there is a severe lack of studies on the relationship between servant leadership, organizational culture, and job satisfaction in the sport industry. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed the causal relationships among the three variables by surveying 320 employees in fitness clubs located in Pusan, Korea. Surveys were conducted using the convenience sampling method, and a total of 300 surveys were used in the analysis. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 19.0. Key results from this study were as follows. First, servant leadership in fitness clubs had a positive influence on organizational culture. Second, servant leadership in fitness clubs had a positive influence on the job satisfaction of their employees. Third, the organizational culture of fitness clubs had a positive influence on the job satisfaction of employees. The results of this study can contribute to establishing strategies to advance the organizational performance and effective human resource management of fitness clubs.

57-62

Authors: Bulent Okan Micoogullari, Ridvan Ekmekci

The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Problem solving inventory (PSI) with Turkish athletes. The PSI was designed to clarify utility of problem-solving constructs across sports environment and thus facilitate the development of more comprehensive acknowledges about problem solving and mental health. The subjects were 204 males and 109 females totaling 313 athletes. Participants voluntarily completed the 32 item problem solving inventory. Afterwards, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were undertaken. EFA results yielded a satisfactory three-factor solution, the same as the English version. Cronbach alpha (α) reliability indices for the respective subscales were as follows: problem solving confidence (PSC) (.69), approach and avoidance (AA) (.73), and personal control (PC) (.68). The PSI explained 66% of the total variances. Moreover, CFA results provided the fit indices as Chi-Square (X²)=912.8, df=461, X²/df=1.98, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA)=.07, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=.93, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)=.92, Normed Fit Index (NFI)=.90, Non Normed Fit Index (NFI)=.89 with 32 items and 3 sub-dimensions. The fit indices of the PSI in relation to EFA and CFA were at an acceptable level. The original 3-factor solution was supported by the Turkish athlete subjects. Results of the study introduced that the Turkish version of the Problem Solving Inventory is a valid and reliable measurement for Turkish athletes.

69-74

Authors: Bujar Begu, Artan R. Kryeziu, Jeton Havolli

The purpose of this research is Latent Structure of the morphological characteristics and motor basic abilities and situational to basketball players 14-15 years. The sample was of 84 basketball players aged 14-15 who have followed the training process of basketball game. The variable samples are 23, 11 of them in morphological space, 8 tests in the area of basic motor character and 4 of them in situational motor of basketball game. In this research our experiment is extracted in two main components which explain 79.16% the general variance of the morphological system, from which are extracted two morphological elements, with this we confirmed the previous scientific knowledge that was enabled to use during the research more precisely in extracting the latent structure in the morphological area. While in the motor area are extracted three main components that explain together 63.60% the variance of the basic and situational motor system of which three factors are extracted.

81-84

Authors: Boris Janjic, Miroslav Smajic, Bogdan Tomic, Milorad Jaksic

The research is conducted with the aim of setting out the differences in repetitive strength of legs, torso, hands and shoulder girdle and strength of kicking a ball between soccer players U14 and children who are not involved in soccer. The sample consists of two groups of respondents. The first subsample group was comprised of 20 respondents of chronological age between 12.50±0.43 who were actively involved in training process at soccer team Stars, and the other subsample included 20 respodents of chronological age between 12.50±0.62 involved in system of Physical Education but who were not involved in training process of other sport branches. Canonical Discriminant Analysis within set of four motoric variables is used to determine the basic difference between groups and the contribution of each variable taken individually in overall discrimination groups. The sample of respondents who train soccer achieved better results in all applied tests. All tests showed statistical significance in discrimination of groups other than the test for assessing the strength of kicking a ball which is at the very margin of significance.

91-96

Authors: Bojan Masanovic

This investigation was aimed at gaining relevant knowledge about the attitudes of the consumers from the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina toward advertising through sport in relation with the frequency of watching sports events. The sample included 451 students from Faculty of Sport and Physical Education,Faculty of sport and tourismin Novi Sad and Chemical, Biotechnology and Medicine Department in Subotica, and it was divided into six subsample groups: consumers who do not watch sports events at all, consumers who do watch sports events 1-30 minutes, consumers who watch sports events 31-60 minutes, those who watch them 61-90 minutes, those who watch them 91-120 minutes, as well as those who watch sports events more than 120 minutes during one typical day. The sample of variables contained the system of three general attitudes which were modelled by seven-point Likert scale. The results of the measuring were analysed by multivariate analysis (MANOVA), univariate analysis (ANOVA), and Post Hoc test. Based on the statistical analyses, it was found that significant differences occur at multivariate level, as well as between all three variables at a significance level of p=.00. Hence, it is interesting to highlight that it was found that significant differences showed up between the attitudes of consumers toward advertising through sport among the frequency of watching sports events. The significant differences were found in two out of three variables, while the consumers who do not watch sports events had much more negative attitudes toward advertising through sport.

103-106

Authors: Gaetano Altavilla, Francesca D’Elia, Gaetano Raiola

Today is consolidated the importance of physical activity to health, so it is important to know the effects of exercise for primary prevention and secondary. A regular physical activity of mild intensity results in significant benefits in term of health, while a sedentary lifestyle and otherrisk factors contributeto development of chronic degenerative diseases, in particular cardiovascular. The advanced age does not contraindicate physical activity and exercise can prevent cardiovascular and disability diseases in the elderly. In the elderly person physical exerciseis able toimprove muscular tone and movement skills, of reduce the risk of sudden death caused by cardiovascular diseases, of reduce the development of tumors and metabolic disorders, as well as of delay the decline of cognitive function. The aim of this literature review is to clarify the link and the effects between physical activity, aging and cardiovascular diseases, providing practical indications for a useful physical activity for elderly subjects with cardiovascular problems;adapting to the skills of the elderly person, prescribed after careful assessment of the environmental conditions in which it must take place. In conclusion, a physical activity program finds a sure indication both in elderly subjects without and with pathologies and in the elderly with high risk of disability.

113-118

Authors: Filomena Mazzeo

Anabolic steroids,commonly referred to as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), are a family of hormones that comprises testosterone. Exposure to these substances can result in damage to human health, such as liver cancer, and to the environment. This class of doping substances cause an extensive increase in the muscular massandis being used to improve athletic performance. Athletes are still using them to increase physical performance and bodybuilders are using them to improve size and cosmetic appearance. For performance enhancing use, these substances generally used without interruption and during several weeks preceding a competition. The preferred method is “piling up” oral ingestion and injections.This type of treatment has been used in sport medicine to manage a variety of joint, tendon and soft tissue injuries.The long-term side effects of anabolic steroids are severe and will depend on dosage and duration. In particular, early death from cardiovascular disease, sterility in men and, in women, masculinization and possible irreversible effects constitute the most serious dangers. More recently, studies have suggested that psychological and behavioral changes and addiction may result from chronic anabolic steroid abuse. AAS were the first identified doping agents that have ergogenic effects and are on the International Olympic Committee’s list of banned substances. This paper identify a) AAS increasing represent only one of many different classes of agents it is important to used by recreational bodybuilders and by athletes in the 21st century b) their side effects c) their effects on sports performance c) phenomenon of polypharmacy.