Sport Mont

3-7

Authors: Mutlu Türkmen, Ali Özkan, Taner Bozkuş, Murat Kul

Bocce is gaining popularity throughout the world and is a game that is dominated by aerobic and anaerobic power-capacity, endurance, and strength and body composition. These are all important factors in order to reach a successful performance in Bocce. The purpose of this study was to determine some physical fitness and body composition characteristics of young Bocce players in Turkish national team. A total of 26 six (14 female age 21.00±8.47 and 12 male age 19.58±3.34) Bocce players from National Team of Turkey participated in this study voluntarily. Subjects’ height, body weight, body mass index and body fat percentage were measured. Body fat percentage was determined by Yuhasz formula, and isometric dynamometer was used in order to determine knee, back, grip strength. The sit and reach test was used for the determination of flexibility. Results indicated that Bocce players have normal body mass index and body fat percentage and ectomorphy-mesomorphy properties. Results of the isometric knee, back, right-left grip strength values of Bocce players was 77.54±24.8 kg, 90.54±26.85 kg and 36.10±9.91-34.27±10.08 respectively and have normal flexibility (32.5±5.86). As a conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that Bocce players have almost average body fat percentage, isometric strength and flexibility function.

15-19

Authors: Kyongmin Lee, Woojeong Cho

In an uncertain global business environment, eff ective human resource management is a crucial element in improving organizational eff ectiveness. However, relatively little research has examined the characteristics of transformational leadership and the types of organizational culture suitable for improving organizational eff ectiveness in the sport management fi eld. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between transformational leadership of immediate superiors, organizational culture, and aff ective commitment in fi tness club employees. For this purpose, a survey was given to a convenience sample of 300 employees of fi tness clubs working in the Gwangju and Dae-gu metropolitan cities in South Korea. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The major fi ndings of this study were as follows. First, transformational leadership had a signifi cant eff ect on the organizational culture in fi tness clubs. Second, transformational leadership had a signifi cant eff ect on aff ective commitment of employees of the fi tness clubs. Third, organizational culture had a signifi cant eff ect on aff ective commitment of employees in fi tness clubs. The fi ndings of this study may be helpful for fi tness clubs to determine the characteristics of transformational leadership and the types of organizational culture needed to improve aff ective commitment of employees.

25-28

Authors: Miroslav Smajic, Ana Ivanov, Nebojsa Cokorilo, Goran Dimitric, Valdemar Stajer, Bogdan Tomic

The aim of this research is to determine whether there is any statistically significant difference in motor abilities of boys and girls of younger school age. The sample includes 76 examinees with 37 males and 39 females. All are 5th and 6 th graders of primary school. The evaluation of motor abilitied is based on 5 tests. Multivariant analysis of variance is applied for determination of differences within the whole system of motor tests, whereas univariant analysis of variance is used for determining differences in each motor test. According to the findings, statistically significant differences in motor abilities between boys and girls at the studied age can be noticed in the test 20 m running from flying start, which is in favour of boys and in the test sit and reach, in favour of girls, while the differences in other tests are not statistically significant. Considering the evaluation of motor abilities, boys have statistically much better results in the speed of alternative movements and explosive strenth, whereas girls have achieved much better results in the test for flexibility. It has also been concluded that 5th and 6th graders have statistically better results in the space of coordination and explosive strenght, whereas girls are much better in the field of flexibility and suppleness.

33-36

Authors: Gordana Furjan-Mandic, Biljana Bilbija, Josipa Radas, Gordana Ivkovic

Main purpose of this work is presentation of a complex program that consists of simple program content focusing towards targeted change of important anthropological characteristics. To achieve the objective, authors created “stay at home” fitness program with simple exercise content which is adjusted for both trainees based on their fitness level. The sample is defined as a pattern of two trainees. One exerciser is male and physically inactive and the other is female and physically active. The initial and final state of the subjects is determined with 4 tests for assessment of morphological characteristics and 6 tests for assessment of motor abilities. For comparison of the measured results of the initial and final state of the respondents we used the method of calculating the difference expressed as a percentage, using the “Microsoft Excel”. After completing treatment, we’ve observed positive changes in all measures for the assessment of anthropological status, for trained and untrained persons.

41-43

Authors: Mohammed Hamdan Hashem Mohammed

Physical educators need to evaluate the physical education (PE) curriculum they provide to their students. One way is through regular health-related fitness assessments. Physical education programs have improved fitness levels of schoolchildren, but such data is rare for university students. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a volleyball course on the health-related fitness of male university students. The participants were non-PE majors from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. They registered for a volleyball course which was done twice a week for eight weeks (31 October-29 December 2016, 50 minutes per session). The parameters assessed were as follows: 1) body composition through body mass index (BMI), 2) muscular endurance through the 60s curl-up test, 3) flexibility through the sit and reach test, 4) leg explosive strength through standing long jump, and 5) cardiovascular endurance through a 1.6 km run. Pre and post measurements were taken and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test with SPSS 16. P-values for statistical significance was set at<0.05 while a Cohen-d>0.2 was considered of practical significance. Data from 145 students were analyzed (mean (SD) age=20.8 (0.64) years). There were improvements from pre to post in all variables except body mass and BMI. The data shows evidence that the volleyball course improved the health-related fitness variables of the students. This shows a course designed for non-PE majors may improve their fitness levels if well designed.