Islas

1-16

Authors: Mabiel Hidalgo Martínez

Introduction: The Association of Reporters of Havana (ARH) constitutes the first journalistic organization in Cuba, created on April 14, 1902. From 1941 to 1953, the lines of action were directed to the formation and development of journalists in the country. The organization of the First National Congress of Journalists, the promulgation of membership laws, the creation of the National Association of Journalists and the provincial branches, as well as the establishment of the «Manuel Márquez Sterling» Professional School of Journalism, were important steps beyond the framework of the capital, causing favorable impacts, not exempt from conflicts, in the professional and social recognition of journalists in Cuba. Methods: The theoretical methods such as the historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, inductivedeductive and the techniques of mixed or semi-standardized interview, allowed the study of the ARH, an important space for developing and channeling the demands of journalists, setting the foundations of a critical journalism and high professional rigor. Results: Taking into account the scarce research existing on the ARH during its vital existence (1902-1962) and the contributions to the journalistic guild, the training and professional development actions promoted by the Association, it is our aim to deepen from a historical perspective. The regional profile adopted clears up the relevance of the links that having its headquarters in the capital, impacted on professionals and apprentices all over the country. This research contributes to the studies of the history of press in Cuba, and enriches the sociohistorical studies about information and communication. Conclusions: From the Havana region, the ARH impacted on a much wider national profile, thus making possible to celebrate a First National Congress of Journalists, and the approval and implementation of the Journalistic Association process, as well as the creation of the «Manuel Márquez Sterling» Professional School of Journalism. These actions concretize the efforts of several decades to put an end to professional intrusion and to institutionalize the teaching of journalism in the country, characterized until then by empiricism.

28-47

Authors: Juana Marta León Iglesias

This article examines the place of the aesthetic experience in the cultural philosophical conceptions of Raúl Roa García, during the period between 1940 and 1958. To do this, an interpretive hermeneutic study of some of his works written and published in the stated period is carried out, since it was his stage of most prolific intellectual reflection. Starting from locating the theoretical developments around the aesthetic experience category, we proceeded to assess how this is conceived in Roa's cultural thought, as well as the nuances it brings to his discourse, his position as an intellectual trained in a Western tradition and illustrated that it intends to overcome through the apprehension of Marxism and the Martian legacy. As a result, it can be affirmed that, for Roa, the aesthetic experience is a way of connecting rational thought with sensibility, while claiming the possibilities of the latter to build knowledge. Moreover, it constitutes a tool to deconstruct the cultural expressions of domination and build politics through dissent: its postulates are based on the possibilities of forming critical subjects in order to democratize access to culture for the most neglected social sectors. In this sense, it is concluded that in Raúl Roa the aesthetic experience is projected on a collective level, as he seeks the achievement of social justice, and on an individual level, as he seeks the emancipation of the individual from the ascension of the spirituality.

60-80

Authors: Arleti María Molerio Rosa

Introduction: By studying the musical framework of Cuban composers who are located in a foreign environment, we approach a process of connections that includes different points of view and that, in turn, are discursively intertwined in a scenario that builds cultural codes that reinforce the identity. Within this framework, the work provides special analytical attention to the production of Chamber music by Yalil Guerra Soto (1973). Methods: In this research, the analysis proposal based on the enactive criterion is developed, that is, multivalent and interacting relationships that are unleashed in recipient-creator individuality from specific topics evoked, considering that every analyst is in turn a perceiving subject. -Creative of the work he faces. For traditional historiography, Chamber music is linked to a number of members of an instrumental/vocal format of genres established at the time of classicism, which are performed in a relatively small and intimate space. Results: We focus on an analytical approach to his musical proposal Old Havana by the composer and guitarist Yalil Guerra for its interconnections between academic and popular music. The sound context exposes a traditional string quartet. The timbre image is conventional, but in turn contains a range of profiles that support the discourse and combine effects of semantic interconnection, giving it a unique aesthetic vision. The alternation of compass according to the discursive requirement is notable, acquiring diversity in the development sections. Conclusions: the cameral concept extends its scope to the genres considered folkloric or popular, interweaving a unifying thought that describes music as a whole. We analyse and corroborate in the work of Yalil Guerra, the resignification, of the sound world of traditional Cuban popular music in an academic context.

92-109

Authors: Evelyn Serra Castro, Tania Silverio Pérez, Raquel María García Riverón

Introduction: In this work the analysis of the intonation patterns of the questions is carried out, in interaction with the gestures, in a sample of ten chapters of the Cuban telenovela Destino Prohibido. Total questions and partial questions are taken into account in all appearance contexts. Methods: A communicative approach is used and a perceptual analysis is carried out from the auditory and visual point of view that allows defining the intonation units and the elements related to gestures. The analysis ofintoneme patterns is based in the theory of Raquel García Riverón and the analysis of gestures in McNell´s classification. Results: The gesture, like the intonation peak, is used to draw attention to a certain part of the interrogative where want to emphasize, mostly, in relation to the lexical-grammatical structure. Conclutions: This study is part of a bigger project about expressiveness and affectivity in the intonation of the Cuban variety of Spanish in multimodal discourse. Until now, various uses of gestures that are integrated in correspondence with intonation patterns have been identified

1-15

Authors: Liannet Cheong Sarmiento

This research responds to the necessity to delve into the ways used by José Martí to convince his audience powerfully, at a crucial moment in our history. Based on the criterion that in enunciation, discursive images are constructed, attempts are made to determine the form and function of the idiomatic signs that construct the image of the enunciator in the emotive dimension. Methods: To this end, a methodology has been developed with a pragmatic approach, which reconciles essential issues of discourse analysis, semantics and enunciation theory. Results: Four fundamental ways of constructing the image of the enunciator are identified, as well as the presence of varied grammatical resources through which the overflow is manifested in Martí's oratory. The results reveal how the speaker relies on the semantic-pragmatic properties of the structures identified as a resource for persuasion. Conclusions: The structures that construct the image of the enunciator in the emotive dimension have a metacommunicative, self-referential, pragmatic function, which is aimed at guaranteeing the adequate conditions of communication.

30-44

Authors: Hishochy Delgado Mendoza, Maylín Alonso Castillo, Gabriela Victoria Toscano Zambrano

Introduction: The ecphrastic practices related to the visual arts find a space for the reeducation of perspectives through the works of the artist Geovanny Verdezoto; who warns and subverts, with audacity, intercultural and inclusive experiences on his canvas: a representation that invites critical reflection and verbal rehearsal. Methods: On this occasion, we have considered a methodology that assumes essential features of the qualitative approach, from the social constructionist perspective, the hermeneutical method and techniques such as observation, self-report and interview. Results: The work of this forger does not emerge as mere entertainment, it is an allegory and iconic expression of the legacy of those who advocate for the emancipation of the universal human being. Therefore, it is worth finding the way in which the poetics of the creator configures and dialogues to transmit messages that favor the aggrandizement of the person (learner). Conclusions: This work constitutes an intellectual and moral exercise that invites the acceptance of the multiplicity and differences in the pedagogical and andragogical settings.

58-76

Authors: Félix Julio Alfonso López

Introduction: The article presents an assessment of the figure of Ramiro Guerra y Sánchez given not only by its author but also by valuable intellectuals contemporary with Guerra such as Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, Raúl Roa, Medardo Vitier, Fernando Ortiz, Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring. Methods: In this study about Ramiro Guerra, a distinction of his intellectual productionis made along two main lines: the texts with pedagogical content and critical analysis to Cuban education and the historiographic essay. Results: Specifically, the author pauses in the analysis of two works considered «minor» within his historiographical task: Mudos Testigos (1948) and Por las veredas del Pasado (1957), which demonstrate the valuable contribution of Ramiro Guerra to the social, regional and rural family history in Cuba between the end of the 19.th century and the beginning of the 20.th century. Conclusions: The conclusions are aimed at placing Ramiro Guerra in a very important position within the Cuban intelligentsia of the 20.th century and to understand his validity in Cuban historical studies.

91-110

Authors: Dainelis Reina Gallego

Introduction: The present research addresses the study of how socio-environmental vulnerability and habitat quality are related in the Reina community in the city of Cienfuegos. In accordance with this problem, the general objective was proposed as follows: to analyze the relationship between socio-environmental vulnerability and habitat quality in the Reina community in the city of Cienfuegos. Methods: For the development of the research, the mixed methodological principle has been used, relying on techniques such as non-participant observation, structured interview and in-depth interview, document analysis, survey to adequately develop the work and the SWOT Matrix in which it is intended to know the internal and external problems of the community. Results: The socio-environmental vulnerability in the Reina community is determined by the abandonment of the environment. There is, in some cases, ignorance towards these problems, according to the analysis of results. Conclusions: Its threats and weaknesses should be mitigated from its potentialities, through the establishment of lines of action with criteria of measures and possible projects to be carried out to give solution to these problems.

125-145

Authors: Beatriz Fernández Delgado, Darlén Méndez Lloret

Introduction: The general objective of this work is to characterize the scientific language of the students of Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry of the Universidad Central «Marta Abreu» de Las Villas. In the 2018-2019 academic year, a diagnosis was made to the fourth year students of the Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry, determined by the need of the career collective and the year collective and in which some deficiencies related to the use of scientific language were evidenced. Methods: Theoretical and empirical methods were used, by means of which the authors determined existing regularities in the use of the language of science by these students. Results: The main contributions of the work are directed to the generalization of the results of the doctoral thesis The development of oral scientific communication of students of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics. This article is derived from the results obtained in the diploma work, Study of the scientific language of the students of Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry, defended in 2019. Conclusions: The authors will continue to work in this important field of knowledge, since it is one of the prioritized objectives within the study of the mother tongue in Cuba and in the world.

01-18

Authors: Yaima Bermúdez Padrón

Spanish is a language with great possibilities of expressiveness, so the speaker of the Cuban variant of Spanish has various resources to articulate the weighting. In this way, the study of the superlative is current in linguistic research, where it includes all those phenomena that increase, expand and / or exaggerate, traits, qualities or communicative situations. This paper analyzes the expression of the superlative in the novel Tumbaga by Samuel Feijóo and, specifically, focuses on the textual level. The analysis of this novel means the search for popular and Cuban essences, as is the case of the expression of the superlative. In this sense, the objective is to describe the linguistic procedures that express the superlative at the textual level of the novel Tumbaga by Samuel Feijóo. The methodological foundation is based on authors such as Albelda Marco (2005 [2004] and 2014), Arboleda Granda (2012) and González Calvo (1984-1988) who precisely studies the superlative at the textual level. In the novel, different textual procedures that enhance the expressive content and take full significance in the communicative context are recognized.The following linguistic procedures stand out: superlative content by accumulation and superlative valuation; the profusion of linguistic procedures, such as the amplifying metaphor. The profusion of expressions and resources to superlativize at the textual level is evidenced, which also have a marked stylistic character.

43-54

Authors: Maylen Villamañan Alba, Joaquín Alonso Freyre

The objective of this study is to analyze the representations of violence as social asymmetry and its social mediations, based on two female characters from the films Maria full of grace and Ixcanul. For this, the qualitative content analysis and the Atlas ti program were used. The results obtained show that the films reveal the multi-conditionality of mediations that exacerbate Latin American women’s vulnerability to violence. The verisimilitude of these images with these societies is a relevant question given the connotation that these representations have in the configuration of the social perception of reality.

70-100

Authors: Luis Fernando Nieto Ruiz

This scientific article is framed within the line of sociolinguistics, a discipline that allows us to identify the way a community speaks, as well as its incidence in the transformation processes that occur within the language, reflected in the linguistic variety. The social variables taken are: gender, level of education and age; as for the linguistic variants, a fixed variant was worked on: a general fixed variant: phraseology and specific variants such as adjective locutions. The main objective is to find out if this type of lexical resources is used significantly in the Barranquilla-speaking community. For this purpose, a corpus based on the Diccionario Fraseológico Documentado del Español Actual (2009) by Manuel Seco, Olimpia Andrés and Gabino Ramos was used. The sample consisted of 48 men and 48 women, three levels of education and four age groups. The methodology employed is of a sociolinguistic nature, where the investigative approach is based on the information analysis. In particular, the result derived from the social variables, in line with the linguistic variant prepositional syntagm plus adjective, allowed us to demonstrate that women make a greater use of adjective locutions. The identities they entail tend to imply a boundary marking function through a particular use of language and a highly marked internal coherence, thanks to the mastery of certain linguistic features.

112-121

Authors: Yanisbel Ríos Laborde

The Center of Applied Linguistics in Santiago de Cuba (CLA), in search of new challenges, is involded in a highly social and scientific impact project the Spanish Corpus in Cuba (CIECu). Within its main objective, the construction of a representative corpus of our reality, linguistically modulated from the introduction of texts from different fields: literature, media, orality and texts published on the network (chat, forums, blogs), our research is focused on the study of journalistic syntax in the representative written press of each of the provinces, for the time being, in the eastern zone. Currently, the research process is concentrated on the analysis, scope, advantages, disadvantages, uses and misuses of adjectival subordination in the journalistic writing of the different sections of the newspaper Venceremos, from Guantánamo province. Precisely, this is the core of the present article.

130-171

Authors: Johanset Orihuela León, Ramón Cotarelo Crego, Ricardo A. Viera Muñoz

The first church of Matanzas, located on the north coast of Cuba, was founded along with the city in October 1693. The founding of the city and church were part of a military plan which sought to establish a permanent settlement in one of Cuba’s most important bay ports and extend ecclesiastic practices to the island’s hinterland. Although the history of Matanzas' first church is discussed in most of the traditional historiography, several errors have been repeated without revision or correction since. Here we provide a detailed historiographic and archaeologic analysis which, along with novel evidence, reveals new data regarding the evolution and function of the city’s primitive church. Nevertheless, several incongruences call for further investigation. Among these are the cause and timing of the first temple’s disappearance, remodeling or reconstruction, and later translocation to a new location.

179-192

Authors: Karla Beatriz Paredes Galindo

The present work constitutes an investigation whose general objective is to assess the historical and patrimonial significance of the La Aurora de Matanzas newspaper between 1828 and 1857. Theoretical methods such as the analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and historical-logical were used. Empirical methods were also employed like a bibliographic and documentary review, and a content analysis. Among the results, it was found that the La Aurora de Matanzas newspaper contributed to the conformation of Matanzas’ Public Communication System between 1828 and 1857, mainly because it introduced improvements in the printing press, and changes in the typography, and it used a great variety of sections and themes.

11-23

Authors: Mely del Rosario González Aróstegui

The fundamental principles of feminist economics are tackled from a new vision of development and sustainability, which has committed to life through a logic that differs from the classic economic criteria, far from economism and technocracy. The recognition of this vision leads us not to define the criteria of sustainability in a narrow way, but to observe them in close connection to the recognition and respect for diversity, a recognition that materializes in various ways by the use of resources and entails well-differentiated cultural and social trajectories with respect to each community. Although the need to achieve sustainable development is global, the proposals should not only target at the world economy, but also at regional and local economies and cultures. Therefore, there is a need to contextualize and implement solutions in development strategies that make less intensive use of natural resources.

33-52

Authors: Mely del Rosario González Aróstegui, Diana Rosa Rodríguez González

The COVID-19 pandemic and the spawned crisis at all levels led to an inquiry into the extent of the produced gender impact and to incorporate it into the response to a situation that, by its very nature, affects women and men differently. This research incorporates the gender perspective into the study carried out within the female sector of so-called self-employment, taking into account the demographics of the professions, psychosocial stress in the working and domestic environments, as well as the distribution of care tasks and their effects. Every effort was aimed at defending deeper changes in the social organization of productive work, so that life sustainability and quality would be the main objective of Cuban economy.

64-72

Authors: Anisley Morejón Ramos, Rosabel Sotolongo, Olivia Norton

The development of sustainable communities starts from the rescue of the intrinsic spirituality of the human being with its living environment and depends on the stimulation of its capacities as an active subject that gives creative answers to the current social and environmental problem, the empowerment of resilience. Cuba suffers from multiple impacts of climate change, adaptation actions need the flow of response at the institutional level and the local self-management. Community projects in Centro Habana are indispensable for the rescue of social and environmental values. The systematization of concrete experiences of sustainable practices makes visible the potential of alternative models and allows articulating and strengthening their proposals for the construction of sustainable and resilient communities.

98-116

Authors: Maibelín Carrasco Pérez, Doris Madruga Torres, Héctor González Fuentes

This work is about the social mediations that impact in the institutional administration of the Programs of Cultural development in Villa Clara and its materialization in the current context of the cultural practices. The sociological treatment contribute to the clarifying the social determination of the matter, in the face of the multiplicity in the cultural ways. It also legitimize the cultural politics as a rule of their treatment in spaces of institutional encounter with the community environment and like road of hegemony construction and coherence in the Cuban social project.

138-154

Authors: Delia A. Granado Duque

This article analyzes Che Guevara’s thoughts on economic development, as well as the policies that can favor it. An important aspect is the one related to socialist planning and its bonds with development.

168-183

Authors: Liliam Inés Ávila Maldonado

The objective of this article is to evaluate the projection of the development of tourism in Cuba, from the point of view of Fidel Castro Ruz. The study of the essentialities of Fidel’s ideology, even before the triumph of the Revolution, starts from a conception of integrating tourism, which also included all the regions of Cuba. It has as a basis for the promotion of tourism, not only our natural beauties, but also the history, culture and hospitality of our people, which make it until today one of the essential destinations in the Caribbean as a tourist region. It is based on the analysis of speeches, interviews with Fidel Castro and other documents of the Cuban Revolution.

5-25

Authors: Dania Riverón Aguilera

This paper is aimed to reveal the conception of the culture of doing politics out of José Marti’s ideas. To that end, historic-logic, induction-deduction, hermeneutic and bibliographical review methods were used. As a result, five main theses that support this concept are analyzed: the study of the peculiar elements of the country; the knowledge of human nature to adapt political practice to the characteristics of men and peoples to which it would be applied; his vision about the role of the Government, the Party and the People, and the relationship between rulers and their people; politics based in love and with the purpose of serving men and pursuing their happiness; and the social inclusive practice to ensure the balance of social forces.

42-57

Authors: Karel Pérez Ariza

Historical studies around the Cuban Revolutionary Party have focused mainly on emigrations that settled in the United States. The discovery of new documentary sources related to the emigration of Jamaica, in the National Archive of Cuba, opens up new horizons on this line of research. In keeping with this, the article characterizes the opera-tion of the Cuban Revolutionary Party based on the correspondence of José Francisco Pérez. For this, the analysis of the new documents found and the systematization of the information were useful. The epistolary genre becomes a very important source of knowledge for the study of the history of the Cuban Revolutionary Party.

72-84

Authors: Mercedes Garcés Pérez

This article, derived from the author’s research in different research projects of our university, has not only tried to demonstrate once again the functionality that, from grammatical theory, its conceptions have for the analysis of discourse in various textual typologies, but also to highlight the syntactic richness that emanates from José Martí’s Versos Sencillos.

101-109

Authors: Misael Moya Méndez

Based on a linguistic-editorial research with a wide sample of literary editions in the Spanish language, six principles of the editor-textauthor relationship are established, which are significant from theoretical and methodological points of view, and that contribute to a better understanding of textual transformations in literary production. The work contributes both to philology, as a set of scientific disciplines applied to text and literature, and to editorial praxis, focused on book production.

125-137

Authors: Gema del Carmen Valdés Acosta

The Christianization of the ancient Kingdom of Bakongo was a process of interest to understand the religious variants in Africa, and why they also moved to America. Catholicism spread in Africa together with the political-cultural colonization. Nonetheless, the roots of native religions joined to wars for power, which gave rise to religious variants such as antonionism, a messianic current of veneration for Saint Anthony (San Antonio in Spanish) with characteristics of African animism that is transferred to America; and it is not coincidence that many Congolese cabildos in Cuba venerate Saint Anthony, since these rituals were inherited from African antonionism.