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DIGTYARI WEAVING PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN 1926-1929
Authors: Shcherban A. L. Doctor of Science (Culturology), PhD (History), Kharkiv State Academy of Culture (Ukraine). ORCID ID 0000-0002-9530-6453.
Number of views: 177
For the first time the activity of the weaving vocational school in the village Digtyari
(modern Chernihiv region) is analyzed. It was the leading educational institution of the middle
level of vocational education of the Ukrainian SSR in the second half of the 1920s, in which the
creators of traditional textiles studied. The students learned the skills of making carpets,
embroidered shirts and kerchiefs.
On the basis of archival sources, the histories, educational process, composition of the
teaching and student groups of the school during 1926-1929 are covered. Established in the
fall of 1926, the institution was to train qualified master practitioners for the factory and
handicraft arts industry, who had formed an artistic taste. The teaching staff initially consisted
of local general education teachers and visiting instructors and teachers of special subjects (O.
Reisfeld and M. Dyachenko). The institution was headed by uneducated communists Yu. Kozelev
and S. Lutayenko. The students of the first set were mostly non-locals, orphans. But the second
set already consisted mostly of children of local peasants and artisans.
The school had a significant material base, which remained from the textile
educational institutions that operated in Digtyary during the first quarter of the twentieth
century. The main rooms were located in the right wing of the main building of the palace
complex of the Galagan estate.
As a result of the study of the materials of the minutes of the meetings of the school
council, the conflict situations that constantly arose between the managers and their supporters
and visiting specialists and led to the departure of the latter from Digtyary were analyzed. The
initial stage of the existence of the Digtyari weaving professional school, problems in relations
between staff and the originality of the contingent of the first set of students influenced the
quality of their training. As it is clear from the available sources, during the first and the
beginning of the second school year students worked both theoretically and practically, but
due to lack of raw materials they could not produce a significant amount of full-fledged products.
The school’s workshop worked on “factory” and, in part, “peasant” raw materials. At the end
of the second year of study, students were already making work suitable for sale.
The school operated in two directions. The visiting instructor, an experienced artist M.
Dyachenko, brought a new vision of teaching graphic literacy into the educational process.
Weaving and embroidery instructors who either graduated from the textile schools previously
existing in Digtyary (A. Reisfeld, V. Nikolskaya) or worked there for a long time (G. Tsybuleva)
broadcast local traditions. During the years under study, about 100 students studied at the
institution and one graduation took place. Troubles in the personal relationship between
teachers and school management and insufficient funding have affected the quality of education.
But even in such conditions, students not only mastered special and general education subjects,
but also participated in exhibitions, made marketable products, engaged in research work.
Curricula developed by M. Dyachenko and O. Reisfeld became a model for other craft educational
institutions. And the textbook was written by O. Reisfeld - the first Ukrainian-language textbook
on the technology of folk weaving.