Ancient Sumy Land

22-29

Authors: Shykhnenko I. M. Ph.D (History), Research Officer, the division of the history of academic science of Institute of Archival Studies, the Vernadsky National library of Ukraine (Ukraine). ORCID: 0000-00020304-4928

The article highlights the contribution of Academician of the AS of UkSSR V. S. Gutyrya to the creation of synthetic ethyl alcohol, the improvement of technology for oil production and refining, the study of the hydrocarbon composition of nitrogenous compounds, chemical properties and structure of gasoline, natural methane, coal tar deposits and bituminous deposits, the catalytic properties of aluminosilicates, the invention of biologically synthesized feed protein. Creation of a special recipe for the production of anti-tank ignition mixtures, which were successfully used in battle with the enemy in World War II, production is organized TNT and improved the process of aviation gasoline production. Development in the post-war periodic technology of refining of petroleum fractions, detection of natural aluminosilicate and creation of the method of its activation, development of thermal dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon, development of a complex of scientific researches on problems of industrial heterogeneous catalysis, study of the influence of nuclear radiation on the development of ukrainian petrochemistry, synthesis of styrene and methanol on zeolite catalysts, improvement of industrial production of insulating materials for protection against corrosion, creation of stable isolation of pipelines, research chemical properties of cyclic sulfones, urea deparaffinization, the influence of cations on the catalytic features of zeolites in alkylation and disproportionation reactions, complex solvents in the production of household chemicals, the interaction of sulfolane with its derivatives, catalytic reactions to zeolites, aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline fractions of oil, the interaction of urea with octane, catalytic properties of modified aluminosilicates, kinetics of the reaction of benzene hydrogenation on nickel-catalytic catalyst, state and main problems of new methods of oil production enhancement in Ukraine, and other aspects of chemical science. The contribution of the scientist to the development of popularization of scientific achievements in chemistry is highlighted. In particular, his leadership Knowledge Society of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, whose members carried out comprehensive work to promote the scientific achievements of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR among the general population, the main forms of work which were eading thematic lectures and presenting reports in departmental establishments and production enterprises, publishing articles in periodicals, appearing on radio and television, providing scientific consultations, etc. The contribution the popular scientific researches of the scientist are devoted to leading areas of research and development of academic institutions of chemical profile that contributed to the development of “great chemistry”, formation, development and achievement of the Ukrainian chemical science in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR etc.

46-58

Authors: Goncharenko A.V. PhD (History), Associate Professor of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine)

The article investigates Britain’s position in colonial contradictions during World War I, based on the use of documents from Russia’s foreign policy department. The causes, course and consequences of the intensification of British politics in the colonial problem are described. The process of formation and implementation of London’s foreign policy initiatives in the colonial issue during the study period is examined. There are analyzed the role of Great Britain in the intensification of the colonial struggle between the great states during the First World War (1914-1918) and its perception by diplomatic representatives of the Russian Empire. During the First World War of 1914-1918, a set of problems and approaches to them were crystallized, which had a serious impact on the colonial contradictions between the great states in general and the position of Great Britain in this problem in particular. There is a considerable contrast between the methods of politics and the aspirations of the leading countries of the world at that time - Japan and Russia - on the one hand, and the United Kingdom and France - on the other. France is increasingly convinced that close co-operation in these matters with London is the only guarantee of the success of its colonialism. In addition, during the First World War, the new industrial states (Germany, Italy, and Japan) sought to capture the colonies for the sake of confirming their new status in the world, and the great colonial powers of the past (Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands) - to hold on to the rest for the sake of preservation of ephemeral international prestige, Russia - to expansion. The largest colonial empires - Great Britain and France were interested in maintaining the status quo. Whitehall’s policy on the colonial issue, at the time, can be traced to a very definite line, confirming the message of Russian diplomats linked to attempts to preserve the situation in their remote possessions and not get involved in conflicts and expensive measures where this can be avoided. In this sense, the British government has shown some flexibility and foresight the relative weakening of the empire’s military and economic power about of the emergence of new, rapidly developing industrial powers and the achievement of colonies of certain selfsufficiency, made it necessary to revise traditional foreign policy. London was already unable to fully control the situation at sea, as well as to ensure the security of its vast possessions. Therefore, block cooperation with countries with close geopolitical interests comes to the fore, and policy in the colonies is gradually transformed from an expansionist one to a stabilization one aimed at reducing the costs of the metropolis and preventing potential conflicts in strategically important areas. In addition, Britain’s interests in the colonial issue largely coincide with the position of the United States, which also seeks to ensure “open doors” and “equal opportunities” instead of military-political contest.

79-90

Authors: Artiukh V. O. PhD (Philosophy), Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Sumy State University (Ukraine)

The article covers the peculiarity of activities and the emergence of the “Prosvita” fellowship centres on the territory of the modern Lypovodolyna district of the Sumy region during the period of the Ukrainian revolution (1917-1921) and the first years of the Soviet state. Such forms of activities of the fellowship as organizing the primary education, conducting theatre performances, maintaining educational libraries, forming the historical consciousness and creating the image of the poet Taras Shevchenko as a “father” of the Ukrainian nation are examined within the article. The national character of the fellowship is emphasized in the current publication. The fact that the “Prosvita” fellowship centres in the North of Gadiach county were established right after the Ukrainian Central Rada emergence in Kyiv is stated. During the period of UNR the “Prosvita” fellowship centres of the Lypovodolyna district eagerly supported the revolutionary parliament of Ukraine and its policy. Actually they were the representative centres of the Ukrainian Central Rada in the region. Concerning the relationship of the “Prosvita” fellowship with the Bolshevik authorities the article defines that the latest, though considering the fellowship centres anti-revolutionary, did not counteract their activities in the first half of 1919. The occupation of the region by the Russian Denikin Voluntary army caused the escalation of the repressions against the members of the fellowship. Since the middle 1920 the Bolshevik authorities began the practice of state controlling. Due to the activity of the Bolshevik political education 22 organizations had been established on the territory of the modern Lypovodolyna district by the beginning of 1922. The articles comes to the conclusion that during its short six year history (1917-1922) the “Prosvita” fellowship of the Lypovodolyna district provided the cultural ascension which accompanied national-liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people. Moreover, the “Prosvita” movement turned into the main organizational form of engaging the vast strata of the society into the active participation in that process.