International Journal of Basic & Applied Physiology

3

Authors: Jaahnavee Trivedi, Shaista Saiyad

Abstract: Background: Anemia is characterised by decrease in RBC count or Hb concentration and is very common during pregnancy. If not diagnosed early, anemia can lead to increased morbidity and mortality of mother as well as fetus. Objectives: To study different haematological parameters in anemic pregnant women and analyse type of anemia based on haematological parameters. Methods: After permission from ethical committee, cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Vadilal Sarabhai General Hospital. After confirmation of pregnancy, blood sample was collected as per routine and results analysed. Results and interpretation: 58.33% were found to be anaemic. Mean Hb concentration in anemic women was 10.19gm%, RBC count was 3.5 millions/cu mm, MCV was 77.11 fl, MCH 26.62 pg, MCHC 32.92 and hematocrit (HCT) 32.14%. All these parameters were below their normal values. Mean red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW CV) in our study was 15.70+1.92%. Conclusion: Analysis of parameters showed that iron deficiency anemia was most common cause of anemia in pregnant women. Early detection, treatment and prevention of anemia in pregnancy can improve maternal as well as child outcome

4

Authors: Aditya Ghosh1, Wasima Jahan

Abstracts: Background and Objectives: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is the largest expiratory flow rate achived with a maximally forced effort from a position of maximal inspiration(1).PEFR is particularly susceptible to dynamic compression of the extrapulmonary airways and fat laid down in mediastinum, around the heart & pleural space, above diaphragm. The main objective of the present study was to see the effect of exercise on PEFR and also to compare the changes in different groups of BMI. Materials and Methods: In the present study 200 healthy subjects of 18-24yrs of age were selected &their BMI were measured. The subjects then went through 10 minutes of treadmill under Bruce protocol and their PEFR were recorded before and after exercise with spirometer. Results: In the present study it had been found that there was significant increase in PEFR after exercise. The mean PEFR before and after exercise were 6.01±1.18 L/sec and 6.90±1.12 L/sec respectively. When the PEFR of the study population was compared with the BMI of the study population it showed a negative relation with BMI i.e with increase in BMI there was decrease in PEFR. This relation was present both before and after exercise. The correlation coefficient between BMI and PEFR before and after exercise were r value -0.8192(p<0.0001) and -0.8086(p<0.0001) respectively. Conclusion: From these we can conclude that BMI has a significant negative effect on the pulmonary ventilation which can overcome by exercise. Regular physical activities should be encouraged in school and colleges for a better health and better future of the young generation

4

Authors: Jaishree tapadia* ,Rahul Mittal

Abstracts: Cross-sectional imaging studies are known to play a significant role in the evaluation of epilepsy patients. However no single technique of neuroimaging is free of drawbacks to diagnose epilepsy and ascertain the pathophysiological basis. Comparative studies on these techniques have remained largely inconclusive with no clear differentiation between these in terms of pathophysiological basis and diagnostic or prognostic specificity with conflicting reports on their individual superiority. So it is important to find out the relative sensitivity of different techniques with regard to non-invasive detection and localization of epileptogenic lesions having organic basis such as vascular abnormalities, tumours, and infarcts that would be amenable to surgical treatment. Here, we compared the different imaging modalities and their specific role in patients with epilepsy. In this study it was concluded that PET is superior in detecting epileptic lesions as compared to then EEG ,CT,MRI, and MRS. At the same time MRS is superior to PET in its ability to detect bilateral abnormalities.

4

Authors: Rajesh Desai, Kena Jasani, Anita Verma, Ramubhai B. Prajapati

Abstracts: Background and Objectives: There is a significant increase in casualties due to cardio-pulmonary diseases globally. As it is assuming epidemic proportions, there is an urgent need to develop strategies to effectively manage it. Regular practice of yoga and meditation is reported to promote positive health and improve cardio-respiratory performance. Therefore, in the present study efforts are made to assess the effect of Yoga and Meditation on Cardiac-respiratory efficiency and mental well-being. Methods: The study was conducted on 30 subjects performing regular Yogasanas and Meditation at Sri SriRavishankar Yoga Mandir, Ahmedabad under the guidance of a qualified Yoga instructor. 30 subjects of same age group, selected as control group, were not performing Yoga exercises. Two phases of reading were taken. In study groups, 1st phase of reading was taken before commencement of Yoga practice and 2nd phase of reading at the cessation of Yoga practice that is after 12 weeks. Similarly, readings of two phases were taken in control group.The examination included physical examination, cardiac efficiency tests, respiratory efficiency tests and mental wellbeing assessment. Results: The statistical analysis was done using paired t test in GraphPad software. The observations suggest that regular practice of Yoga and Meditation can significantly improvethe autonomic balance, cardio-respiratory performance and mental well-being. Conclusion: Study concludes that yogic practices can improve general health and physical efficiency. Its role in prevention, control and rehabilitation of many diseases is also beyond doubts. Yoga should be popularized amongst masses as a health promoting measure

4

Authors: Patel L.C, Patel R.K

Abstract: Background & objectives: Electro diagnostic studies are a reproducible and noninvasive method of assessing peripheral nerve function which is deteriorated in metabolic diseases, especially Diabetes Mellitus. These studies provide a good incite in the progress of the associated dysfunctions. Method: 30 cases of neurologically asymptomatic Diabetes Mellitus and equal number of normal non-diabetic controls were subjected to nerve conduction study. Results: Mean Age of cases (45.03±9.99), Height of cases (159±7.02), MCV (P< 0.001), SCV (p<0.001) Interpretation & conclusion: Nerve conduction parameters were altered among the neurologically asymptomatic diabetic cases

4

Authors: Deepti Thakur, Elvy.R.Oommen

Abstract: Background and objective: Air conditioner use causes the inhalation of cold dry air leading to alteration in the pulmonary functions. The aim of study is to evaluate the effect of cold air on pulmonary functions in airconditioned exposed group by FVC,FEV1,FEV1%,FEF25%,FEF50%,FEF75%,FEF25-75% Methods: The present study was carried out at Baroda medical college to study effect of air-conditioner use on people working in banks, multiplexes which were further divided into two groups of 30 each. A) Individuals who use AC. for 8 hrs daily B) individuals who use AC. for 12 hrs daily. Comparison group comprised of people working in similar work environment who are not exposed to air-conditioner. Pulmonary functions were measured with medspirometer (electronic spirometer). Results: The mean FVC for A.C users is 2.47 litres as compared to non a.c. exposed individuals (4.57). In a.c. users FEV1 (2.15±0.44), FEV1/FVC (87.62±11.57), FEF25 %( 6.3±1.5), FEF50 %( 2.74±0.54), FEF75 %( 1.35±0.34), FEF25-75%-2.37±0.35. In non a.c. users FEV1(3.77±0.45), FEV1/FVC(87.62±10.52), FEF25%(7.44±1.03), FEF50%(4.80±0.90),FEF75%(2.34±0.62),FEF25-75%(4.25±0.57). Conclusion: The present study concludes that persons exposed to air-conditioner were found to have lower ventilatory functions as compared to other group. The effect was more in persons exposed to 12 hrs as compared to 8 hrs

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Authors: Jinal Pandya, Kartik Patel, Neeraj Mahajan

Abstract: ABI is a form of physiological measurement that provides valuable information about the functional status of peripheral arteries and predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease. It works by calculating ratio of systolic blood pressure of one of the arteries of ankle and that of brachial artery in the arm. Normal values have been established by various multi centric trials and values above or below normal have been demonstrated to be associated with specific cardiovascular diseases like lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. The following review article shades some light on the topic. Key words: ABI, Cardiac Physiology, Systolic blood pressure, PAD, Cardiovascular disease Abbreviation: ABI = Ankle Brachial Index, PAD = Peripheral Arterial Disease, SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure, DP =DorsalisPedis, PT = Posterior Tibial

5

Authors: Mahajan, Neeraj, Solanki Ashok, Patel, Kartik, Pandey Aparna

Abstract: Background and Oobjectives: As participation rates in mind-body fitness programs such as yoga continue to increase, it is important for health care professionals to be informed about the nature of yoga and the evidence of its many preventive and therapeutic effects. This study is to assess the findings of effects of yoga as an exercise tool and to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits of regular yoga practice. Method: The physiological effects on cardio-respiratory and physical parameters were recorded of healthy subjects who performed yoga under guidance for 10 weeks. Result: Change in physical parameters like weight etc was insignificant. Significant improvement was noted in cardiac and majority of respiratory parameters. Conclusion: This study shows that yogic practices promote and improve respiratory and cardiovascular function and enhance overall well-being and quality of life

5

Authors: Garima Sharma Harish matta

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in India and abroad. Tumor markers are becoming increasingly important in breast cancer research because of their impact on prognosis, treatment and survival, and because of their relation to breast cancer subtypes. According to the American cancer society, about two out of every three cases of breast cancer are hormone receptor positive. Most of these cases are ER+ or receptive to both estrogen and progesterone. The aim of the study is to study the relationship of ER and PR receptors with the age, parity and size of the lesion in patients of breast cancer. Method: Estrogen receptor(ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) levels have been measured in 50 patients of primary breast cancer and compared with size of the lesion and other variables to determine their relationship. They were measured by immunohistochemistry. Result: This study showed a significant relation of age, parity and size of the lesion to the ER and PR receptors in patients of breast cancer. Conclusion: When both receptor measurements were used in combination, a group of receptor-negative (ER and PR negative), patients were seen to be having worse disease .Younger age group and decreased parity contributed to increased incidence

5

Authors: B. L. Dariya, Garima Bafna, Neelam Kholiya

Abstracts: Background & Objectives: To compare the nutritional status of the children of employed and unemployed women. Methods: Children aged between 2-5 years from the pre-schools of Ajmer city, 80 children of employed women and 80 of un-employed women were selected through simple random sampling method. The socio-economic data was collected through questionnaires. Anthropometrical measurements of the child like current height, weight and mid arm circumference were obtained by using standardized tools. Statistical Analysis: For each anthropometrical data, a separate table was created in a relational basis in MS Excel and ‘WHO Anthro’ software was used to analyse the information for the nutritional status. Results: The parameters of nutritional status for children of unemployed and employed mother’s shows that prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting and thinness were more in children of employed mother’s in comparison to unemployed mothers. Mid Upper Arm Circumference below normal were high amongst the children of employed compared to unemployed. Conclusions: With our observation & discussion it is concluded that the nutritional anthropometrical parameters were better in un-employed mother’s children in comparison to employed mother’s children.

5

Authors: Poonam Gogania, Hemeshwar Harshwardhan

Abstracts: Background: Tobacco use in the form of smoking /smokeless is a major preventable cause of disease and premature death, currently leading to over five million deaths each year worldwide, which is expected to rise to over 8 million deaths yearly by 2030.Objectives: To assess the effect of duration of smokeless tobacco chewing on lipid profile. Method: A total of 100 subjects were included, of which 50 were tobacco chewers and 50 were non tobacco chewers (control group) and were sub grouped according to duration of consumption of tobacco. Method: Fasting serum lipid profile was done by standard Enzymatic and Precipitate method. Results: Levels of serum Triglyceride and VLDL were significantly high(P<0.05) and C- HDL was significantly decreased(P<0.05; P<0.01;P<0.001)in study group with respect to increased tobacco chewing duration. Conclusion: Tobacco chewing (Gutka) can be considered as one of the preventive risk factor of Ischemic heart disease.

5

Authors: Sonal A.Chavda, Sudha Parmar, R.S.Trivedi

Abstract: Background: Dengue is a self-limiting acute viral disease characterized by fever, muscle & joint pains, headache, rash, nausea & vomiting. It is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and less by, Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus infection may be asymptomatic or may cause undifferentiated febrile illness (viral syndrome), dengue fever (DF), or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) including dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Objectives: To evaluate the haematological profile for early clinical diagnosis & prompt management. Methods: Study was done in 100 patients diagnosed as dengue fever. IgM positive or NS 1 positive patients of dengue fever with age group between 18-60 years patients were taken. Parameters of haematological profile was taken in all patients. Result: Out of 100 patients, 22% had mild thrombocytopenia, 47% had moderate thrombocytopenia and 29% had severe thrombocytopenia. Overall 98% of patients had thrombocytopenia. About haematocrit, 36% patients having haematocrit below 40% and 49 % of patients having haematocrit between 40 to 45%, and only 15 % of patients having haematocrit above 45%. Leucopenia was seen in 29 % of patients. Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia was key finding in our study & other associated findings included leucopenia, rise in haematocrit

5

Authors: Debasish Chakraborty*, Mohit Aggarwal**, Debasish Paul

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted on 32 nonsmoker healthy petrol pump workers within 20-50 years age group working in different petrol stations of Agartala with 32 age and sex matched healthy controls from general population. Pulmonary function test parameters FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%), PEFR & FEF25-75% were recorded by electronic Spirometer using Helios 401 software. There was a statistically significant decrease in all the pulmonary function test parameters in petrol pump workers when compared with the age and sex matched healthy controls. This decline in respiratory indices of petrol pump workers can be due to the inflammatory reactions on airways by the petrol and diesel particles or by mechanical occlusion of the airways by accumulation for longer periods. Preventive measures like pre-employment checkup, use of safety oro-nasal masks, periodic medical checkup, set up standard air quality control, proper vapour recovery system from petrol stations etc. can be employed to secure their health.

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Authors: Sowmya Panju, B. L.Preethi, G. Jaisri,

Abstracts: Background and objective: Cerebral palsy(CP) is the major physical disability affecting the functional development of children. Very few studies have been done to assess the Autonomic nervous system in children with CP. The objective of our study was to assess and compare the functions of autonomic nervous system between the CP and normal children using Heart rate variability (HRV). Methodology: Fourteen age and sex matched cerebral palsy and normal children were recruited for the study. Autonomic function was assessed using Heart rate variability. HRV in supine position was recorded in Lead II for 3 minutes 11under quiet, calm conditions. Time domain parameters and frequency domain parameters were analyzed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in any of the HRV parameters. Whereas a trend toward reduction was seen in normalized LF and LF/HR ratio in cases though not statistically significant. Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the HRV values. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in HRV parameters in children with CP and healthy children indicating a normal sympatho-vagal balance. The presence of normal sympatho vagal balance in CP predicts that patients with CP have the same predilection as the general population to abnormalities associated with sympatho-vagal balance.

6

Authors: Namrata R. Nimgade*, Rahul K. Kamble

Abstracts: Background: Flour mill workers are at increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms and reduce lung capacity due to exposure to dust in their working environment. Objective: The objective of this study was to access occupational health status of flour mill workers in Chandrapur city. Method: For the study 65 flour mill workers from wheat flour and mix flour mills were selected as a subject group and 10 individual were as control group. Structured interview was carried out by questionnaire and lung capacity was measured by breath-o meter and inspection of work site was carried out for ambient temperature, humidity, light intensity and noise level. Respiratory symptoms were significantly higher in flour mill workers than control group and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) values were lower in exposed workers as in proportion with the exposure period. Result: The results showed a decrease in PEFR values as the duration of exposure increased and allergic problems were also increased in flour mill workers. Conclusion: The study recommends periodic medical examination and compulsory use of personal protective equipment’s at the work site

7

Authors: K Narasimha Rai, P S Jeganathan, K M Damodara Gowda

ABSTARCT: Background and Objectives: Obesity is a positive risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Lack of systematic study on these aspects provoked to compare the nutritional, glycemic status and lipid profile in healthy and diabetic patients. Methods: In the present study, 57 age and sex matched non-diabetic subjects, 58 diabetic only and 43 diabetic with hypertension individuals were recruited. BMI, Waist-Hip ratio, Fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were estimated using standard procedure. The data was compared using Analysis of Variance. P value was taken as significant at 5 percent confidence level (P<0.05). Results: Analysis showed a significant increase in FBS, PPBS and HbA1c levels (p=0.001 respectively), W/H ratio (p=0.005), BMI (p=0.05) serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels (p=0.001) in Group-1 and Group-2 compared to controls. The HbA1c levels were higher in males of diabetic group with W/H ratio > 0.95 (p=0.001) and females of diabetic group with W/H ratio >0.80 (p= 0.001) respectively. Interpretation and Conclusion: While FBS and PPBS measurements are established guide for modifying treatment, measurement of HbA1c must be considered as a standard method for assessing longterm glycaemic control.

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Authors: Hardik Mistry, Alpna Mathur, Dharitri Parmar, R.Dixit

Abstracts: Background & objectives: Petrol pump workers are exposed to many noxious chemicals like benzene (C6H6) which has carcinogenic and haematotoxic effects. Current study was conducted to find out the effect of benzene and air pollutants exposure on granulocyte & agranulocyte counts, blood pressure and their correlation in petrol pump workers of Surat city. Methods: Thirty healthy male petrol pump workers and thirty (30) healthy male non-petrol pump workers aged 20-50 years were selected as study and control groups. Data regarding participant’s age, height, weight, pulse rate, blood pressure etc. were recorded. Blood samples were collected in the morning (8-10AM). Data were presented as mean + SD and compared using unpaired t-test. p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Pearson’s correlation factor (r) was found between granulocyte-agranulocyte counts and BMI, Pulse rate and blood pressure. Results: Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in the study group (%LYM 34+8.6) than control group (38.4+6.7). Monocyte counts were significantly higher in study group (%MON 8.29+3.1) than the control group (6.64+1.6). Granulocyte counts were higher in study group (%GRA 57.17+15.03) than in the control group (54.92+7.29). Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher (92.35+2.2) in study group than in control group (90.22+3.0) and it shows significant positive correlation with leucocyte. Interpretation & conclusion: Long term exposure to benzene leads to decreased lymphocyte count which may be due to bone marrow suppression. Monocytes are significantly increased in petrol pump workers which might be due to subclinical inflammation and allergic reactions. Petrol pump workers have raised mean arterial blood pressure which might be due to adverse effect of air pollutants on autonomic nervous system

10

Authors: Padmaja R. Desai, S. M. Tiwale,Rajey .M. Desai

Abstracts: Background and objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of uterine artery blood velocity waveforms, Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S/D), Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI) as predictor of perinatal outcome in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies in II and III trimester. Methods: In the study group, 50 cases of IUGR were studied in II and III trimester. They were first subjected to ultrasonography biometry and then Uterine artery Doppler sonography. Results: In the uterine artery in both the control and study group all the values of S/D ratio, PI and RI decline from II to III trimester but the decline was less and the values were high in the study group as compared to the control group. Thus the present study predicts that,(a) S/D ratio greater than 2.6 and RI greater than 0.58 was found to be abnormal. b) Disappearance of diastolic notch in III trimester is normal where as persistence of notch is abnormal. Interpretation and conclusion: Doppler can be considered as one of the important non invasive technique to assess the fetomaternal and uteroplacentalcirculations. The uterine artery indices were valuable for predicting the outcome of IUGR pregnancies