International Journal of Organizational Leadership

56-79

Authors: MacDonald Kanyangale, Noel Pearse

Increasingly, leadership development programs are being challenged to produce robust evidence of their impact on leadership competencies of participants in South Africa. If used properly, portfolio assessment of one`s own leadership development journey has the potentialto depict not just learning achievement, but also leadership growth and development. A multinational corporation in South Africa outsourced to a business school a program to develop leadership of selected 15 high-performing employees who were in transition to junior management. To the end of this study, qualitative research was conducted to get a complex and detailed understanding of how these participants perceived and self-assessed their own development of a self-selected set of leadership competencies over a period of time using portfolios. As the number was small, all the 15 personal and professional development portfolios were collected and analyzed using open coding and constant comparison techniques to induce themes. Evidence in the portfolios showed that while emergent junior talents were able to identify specifically the leadership competencies they were developing, they actually had difficulties to capture strong, relevant, and dynamic pathways of how their leadership competencies evolved and developed over time. More importantly, evidence in the portfolio revealed that the internal reward system was less supportive as it valued individual achievement of own performance target even at the expense of supporting others to develop their leadership. The lack of support from mentors and colleagues stifled leadership development of participants. This paper argues that it is vitally important that an organization's own systems are integrated and coherent enough not to inadvertently impede leadership development efforts.

92-102

Authors: Behzad Mohebbi

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the existing research in the field of packaging and marketing and shed more light on the psychology of colors and their effect on packaging and marketing. Nowadays, packaging is proved to be one of the significant factors in the success of promoting product sale. However, there is a perceived gap with respect to the different aspects of packaging, in particular the graphics, design, and color of packaging. The current study provides a comprehensive overview of packaging. It elaborates on different aspects of packaging and summarizes the findings of the most recent research conducted to date probing into packaging from different perspectives. It also discusses the role of color, i.e., the psychology of colors, and graphics in packaging and product sale. It is argued that graphics and color play key roles in promoting product sale and designers and marketers should attach a great deal of importance to color in packaging. The implications for producers, marketers, practitioners, and researchers are discussed in detail and suggestions for future research are provided.

114-126

Authors: Hassan Motaharrad, Hamid Reza Arasteh, Parivash Jafari

This study investigates the impact of in-service entrepreneurship training on the improvement of mass media managers’ entrepreneurship in Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB),Tehran, Iran. Features of corporate entrepreneurship were regarded as four dimensions of creativity and innovation, risk-taking, perseverance, and competitive spirit. Also, we examined the effect of entrepreneurship training on corporate entrepreneurship. To collect the data, we developed a questionnaire. Forty four production managers of IRIB volunteered to fill in the questionnaire. However, 4 persons were excluded from the group due to incomplete completion of the questionnaire and treatment which made the participants 40 people. The participants were randomly assigned to two participating groups. To test the hypotheses,variance and multi-covariance tests were applied. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the entrepreneurship training has significant effect on creativity, risk-taking, perseverance, and competitive spirit.