Revista Contexto & Saúde

e13941

Authors: Edinalva Almeida Mota, Isabel Cristina da Silva Caetano, Isabela Carvalho dos Santos, Adma Soraia Serea Kassem, Franciele Mota Carraro, Luciana Kazue Otutumi, Leila Alves de Oliveira, Kariny Aparecida Jardim Rubio, Lidiane Nunes Barbosa, Lisiane de Almeida Martins, Daniela Dib Gonçalves

This study aimed to determine the phenotypic, molecular and epidemiological profile of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp. in pregnant women. Were included 100 asymptomatic pregnant women between 16 and 38 years old, who underwent microbiological examination by collecting a vaginal swab at the first trimester of pregnancy. The isolates were subjected to isolation, characterization, phenotypic and molecular tests were performed. Among the samples analyzed, were detected coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in 83%, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, 6% and Streptococcus spp. in 5%, and there was no bacterial growth in 6%. The antibiotics that showed the highest resistance were amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (92.77%) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and penicillin and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim in coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (100%), where in the latter S. aureus was the species identified in 66.67% of the samples. As for the identification of the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. samples, this gene was detected in 40.5% of the samples of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and it was not detected in the samples of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. The epidemiological study showed that prior treatment with antibiotics was significantly (p≤0.016) associated with oxacillin resistance in vaginal swab samples. The presence of the mecA gene in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates demonstrated a bacterial profile in this type of biological sample, different from what is already presented in the scientific literature. New studies are warranted to understand the epidemiology of the bacterial species involved and later to implement health education actions both in the target population and in health care professionals.

e13579

Authors: Tatiane Dräger Dal Ponte Pinheiro; Brenda da Silva; Mariana Spanamberg Mayer; Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos Salazar; Mariana Migliorini Parisi, Gabriela Bonfanti Azzolin

Women have a specific hormonal risk associated with contraception, pregnancy and menopause, in addition to more risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); and rapid, non-invasive, low-cost cardiovascular risk prediction tools can streamline the identification and prevention of CVD. Objective of the study to evaluate the risk of developing CVD in adult women using cardiometabolic indices such as plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for insulin resistance. This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Data on the metabolic, clinical and anthropometric profile of adult women were analyzed and used for risk stratification of developing CVD through the use of TyG and AIP indices. Of the participating women (n = 60, 28.55 ± 8.30 years), 50% women had an increased risk according to AIP despite having normolipidemia, normoglycemia, and normal BMI. Also, they had higher TyG index values. Further, the correlations of TyG and AIP with biometric and lipid parameters were associated with metabolic syndrome. AIP and TyG index can identify the risk of developing CVD, even in the presence of normal anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

e14497

Authors: Lívia Velloso Fabris; Leonardo Moreira dos Santos; Giuseppe Potrick Stefani

The consumption of protein supplements is increasingly part of the everyday life of adults in general and is associated with a healthier lifestyle. However, a constant lack of commitment to the quality of these products by companies poses risks to consumers’ health. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the protein content and compare it with the nutrition label of different protein supplements. This is an analytical original investigation. It was verified whether the food supplements comply with the label presented through food analysis (Kjeldahl method, ash content and moisture percentage) of the composition of various national and international brands (n=51). A total of 51 different protein-based supplements sold in Brazil were analyzed. The results showed that the protein values advertised on the nutritional label are similar to what the product has (P value > 0,05) and are within the 20% tolerance limit according to the current law. Also, there are similarities between different types of products (P value > 0,05) regarding their ash and water content. In conclusion, the nutrition facts of protein supplements reflect the reality of the bran of these products.

e13619

Authors: Luana Schayene Wagner, Gabrieli de Fátima Prudêncio dos Santos, Juliana Lemes dos Santos, Tatiana Mugnol, Diego Pascoal Golle, Josiane Woutheres Bortolotto; Mariana Migliorini Parisi, Janaina Coser

This study aimed to describe the occurrence of COVID-19 in elderly patients treated at public health services in southern Brazil cities and their clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. This is a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study. From July 2020 to May 2021, medical records of elderly patients who underwent a test for COVID-19 at the molecular diagnostics laboratory of the University of Cruz Alta were selected. 310 elderly patients, with an average age of 60 to 99 years, were included in the study. Information was collected regarding the result of the RT-qPCR test, gender, symptoms, and comorbidities. We identified that 24.2% of the elderly evaluated in the study had a positive molecular diagnosis for COVID-19. The average age of the sample studied was 69 years (±8.89). Females had a higher proportion of positive cases (69.3%) compared to males (30.7%) (p=0.017). A higher proportion of individuals infected with SARS-Cov2 among those who reported cough, fever >37°C and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.028; 0.015; 0.017 respectively) was also identified. Learning the clinical and sociodemographic profile of the elderly with COVID-19 can contribute to strategies for care and prevention of the disease in this group. The study findings indicate that greater attention should be given to the elderly with heart diseases and those who have fevers and coughs.

e14558

Authors: Bárbara Osmarin Turra, Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz, Nathália Cardoso de Afonso Bonotto, Cibele Ferreira Teixeira, Moisés Mastella, Wellington Claudino Ferreira, Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung, Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio, Marina Prigol, Fernanda Barbisan

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting molecule associated with the risk of several non-transmissible chronic diseases. We postulated that BPA triggers oxidative alterations, altering immunocompetence and contributing to physiological dysfunction. To evaluate the effects of BPA on the oxidative and immune system, Californian earthworms were reared in a culture medium containing different BPA concentrations for 24 and 72 h. Coelomocytes were used to evaluate the effects of BPA on oxidative markers, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis, and immunocompetence effects were investigated by yeast-exposure assay and the modulation of genes related to immune response. Low BPA concentrations induced coelomocyte proliferation, imbalanced superoxide/NO levels, higher micronucleus frequency, and apoptosis. BPA also induced Amp1 gene overexpression and a low efficiency of dead yeast capture. The association between DNA damage and changes in innate immune metabolism could be related to the action of BPA, which is associated with the risk of physiological disturbances and non-transmissible chronic diseases.

e13824

Authors: Sara Amy de Oliveira; Léo Serpa; Elinete Eliete de Lima

Healthy eating is essential throughout all life cycles. However, inadequate nutrition in early childhood can have negative consequences for the child's growth and development. This study aimed to assess the food consumption of children aged 3 to 5 years cared for by a non-governmental organization that welcomes socially vulnerable children in the municipality of São José, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Their dietary diversity was assessed with an online questionnaire based on the “Food Consumption Markers” from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System and lists of foods from each group. The sample had 229 children, including girls (52.84%) and boys (47.16%), whose mothers mostly worked outside the home and had attended up to high school, with a per capita family income of up to one minimum wage. The research identified a considerable consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially sweets (70%), and the use of electronic devices during meals (63%). Only 43.85% of children consumed all food groups covered in the study, and the vegetable group was the least consumed. In conclusion, intervention strategies must be implemented to promote and improve the dietary and nutritional profile of children and their families. There is a particular need for interventions that go beyond the individual sphere, focusing on the implementation of intersectoral public health policies.

e14015

Authors: Alessandro Rolim Scholze, Larissa Machado Bellé, Caroline Pereira da Silva, Gabriel Moreira Aguiar, Thyego Mychell Moreira Santos, Maraisa Delmut Borges, Josilene Dália Alves

Objective: to analyze the characteristics of people affected by tuberculosis and the spatial distribution of reported cases, treatment abandonment, as well as health units in the municipality of Barra do Garças – State of Mato Grosso. Method: ecological study with cases of tuberculosis reported from 2011 to 2020 in the municipality of Barra do Garças-MT. Data were obtained by the Notifiable Diseases Information System, being investigated as sociodemographic and clinical-operational variables of tuberculosis. It was the incidence rate of reported cases for each year of the study. Afterward, the spatial distribution was carried out, according to the districts of the municipality, of the number of notified cases and treatment abandonment, as well as health units belonging to primary care. Results: 337 cases of tuberculosis were reported, with a predominance of males (n=230; 68.25%), indigenous people (n=120; 35.61%), aged between 15 and 59 years (n=242; 71.81%), and having between 1 to 8 years of study (n=159; 46.88%). As for the clinical-operational data, most were new cases (n=269; 79.82%), who did not undergo sputum culture (n=305; 90.50%), and 41.25% (n=139) the directly observed treatment was not performed (n=110; 57.29%) and only 56.97% (n=192) evolved to cure. The average annual incidence was 54.62 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The Santo Antônio and Centro neighborhoods had the highest number of reported cases as well as treatment abandonment. The presence of family health strategy units and polyclinics were not determinants for the occurrence of the investigated phenomena. Conclusion: this study made it possible to identify the profile of the most hospitalized people, as well as the most critical areas in relation to the number of cases and treatment abandonment. The results obtained can be used to direct health actions aimed at controlling tuberculosis, mainly by indicating the neighborhoods that are emerging outbreaks of the disease.