European Researcher. Series A

225-263

Authors: Yuri A. Privalov, Michael I. Ojovan, Mikhail B. Loshchinin

Based on the critical analysis, the ways of returning sociology and economics to the family of objective sciences through the rejection of special status and the formation of empirical foundations are discussed. Using examples, the new analytic technologies that radically expand the observational and cognitive abilities of the humanities are proposed. In particular, methods of density distribution, methods of spectral analysis of market exchanges, as well as observations of individual evolutions of persons, households, and businesses are proposed. The heuristic nature of the ergodic hypothesis for structural analysis of society and the effectiveness of statistical models are motivated. The search for objective dimensional humanitarian constants is justified. Empirical phenomena that claim to be fundamental in sociology and economics are proposed. Most of them are ignored by the academic community or not known for it. In particular, we present phenomena that indicate an objective social structure – local extremes of density functions and numerous power distributions. Phenomena indicating the quantization of some social characteristics and the astronomical scale of some humanitarian laws are presented. The evidences of mutual parameterization of socio-economic groups, which are important for building the concept of a theoretically unified society, are marked. Particularly, the empirical data that allow us to understand the mechanisms of demographic evolution of the mankind, including evidence of the objectivity of Kapitsa’s local populations and the historical degradation of households, are noted. The list of priority-driven unsolved tasks in the spheres of empirical data accumulation and theoretical modelinghas been proposed.