European Researcher. Series A

1728-1735

Authors: Tatiana A. Vdovina, Olga A. Serova, Nina M. Kadantseva

This article provides data on the phytocoenotic and economic-morphological attributes of Fragaria viridis Duch., green strawberry, in various locations. The most sustainable habitat for the existence of this species has been located near the village of Zimoviye. The ratio between the generative and vegetative species in the examined coenopopulations allows us to subsume them under the invasional and normal types.

1742-1746

Authors: Olga V. Natolochnaya, Vyacheslav I. Menkovsky

This article analyzes war as a social-psychological phenomenon. The author dwells upon the difficulties of war veterans’ shift from military to peaceful life. The primary sources for this work are letters, diaries, and memoirs by World War II servicemen and veterans. The author concludes the article by pointing out that the capacity for survival in the extreme conditions of the early post-war years had been buoyed up both by post-victory optimism and hopes engendered by it and the need to withstand post-war hardship – an unsettled everyday life, famine, disease, and crime. Amid all this, Soviet society exhibited a great capacity for life, which testified to its considerable mobilization potential.

1752-1764

Authors: Mihail N. Dudin, Nikolaj V. Lyasnikov, Aleksandr S. Senin, Sergej N. Kapustin

The relevance of this topic is associated with the diversity of causes behind crisis processes in economics and the individuality of each particular crisis. This necessitates classifying them in a detailed fashion. The present downturn is a manifestation of the cyclicity of the development of the global economic system amid present-day globalization and the established architecture of the institutional space. The formal (legislation, contractual rules, corporate norms, etc.) and non-formal institutes (rules, customs, traditions, behavior as a whole, etc.), undergoing changes in their structure and mechanisms, caused the emergence of financial innovations whose yield surpassed that of the real sector of the economy multifold. This facilitated the concentration of money in financial markets and transforming them into a thing-in-itself. The theory of economic cycles is one of the theories of economic dynamics which explain the movement of the national economy. While the theory of economic growth explores factors and conditions for growth as a long-term trend, the theory of cycles deals with causes behind fluctuations in economic activity through time. Results. In accordance with the aims of this study, the authors established that crises can have the following causes: objective, which are associated with the cyclical development of the system, modernization and restructuring needs, and the impact of external factors, and subjective, which reflect errors in management, shortcomings in the organization of production, and the imperfections of innovation and investment policy. A crisis can take its course manifestly and be easily detected or can be inconspicuous and take its course in a latent form. The most dangerous are crises that affect the system as a whole. In a situation of this kind, there forms a train of complex issues resolving which depends on the timeliness of detecting them and professionalism in managing the organization, municipal education, and the state.

1776-1781

Authors: Tatiana Ozhereleva

This article analyzes the state and development of geo-marketing. The author illustrates the multi-aspectedness of geo-marketing: applied technology and management technology. The article demonstrates that geo-marketing can be viewed as a reflection of the processes of co-evolution in society. The author brings to light the specifics of geo-marketing research and situational analysis in geo-marketing. The article describes applications of geo-marketing.

1789-1794

Authors: Anna V. Vinevskaya, Oyuna B. Ochirova

This article aims to illustrate the need to consider adopting new trends in Russian education through the prism of the mentality of Russian society. To provide a rationale for the author’s position, the work employs the axiological and milieu approaches. The article demonstrates that one should take account of the nation’s mentality in order to introduce innovations in a proper way. The work provides a rationale for the author’s position concerning the perception of the nation’s mentality through the prism of systemic-vector psychology developed by Yuri Burlan.

1806-1811

Authors: Olga S. Reshetnyak, Anatoly M. Nikanorov

Based on monitoring hydro-chemical information, amassed for many years (1980–2012), from the State Service for Observations (SSO), the author conducts an assessment of anthropogenic load on the estuary ecosystems of Russia’s large rivers, as well as of their condition by hydro-chemical indicators. The results have helped to rank the estuary ecosystems by anthropogenic load and their condition with a view to identifying the more prosperous ecosystems.