International Journal of Applied Medical and Biological Research

Number 1 (2), 2016

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Prevalenceand Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Infections

Authors: Alsadig Mohammed Abdalla, Abu sabeeb AlbasherAlsheik, Hossam Aldean Mustafa Dyab , Zahra Ahmed

Abstract

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The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogen as cause of diabetic foot infection makes selecting empiric antibiotic therapy more difficult. Those who treat these patients are well aware of the growing problem of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aueus (MRSA). The aim of this work was to study the relative frequency of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infection and assess their comparative susceptibility to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. A total number of 50 cases of diabetic foot infection patients attending at Khartoum state hospitals were investigated to isolate bacterial pathogens responsible for diabetic foot infection and to test their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Samples were collected by swabbing from all studied patients and examined by Gram stain, cultured on Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, MacConkey agar. Biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done. The species of bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus 32%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 14%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 12%, Escherichia coli 10%, Proteus vulgaris 10%, Proteus mirabilis 8%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 8%, Citrobacter freundii 4%, Enterobacter species 2%. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Amikacin was the most effective drug against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria followed by Gentamycin. 62.5% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to Methicillin. All S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to Methicillin, Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, and Trimethoprim. All gram negative isolates were resistant to Ampicillin.

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Preliminary Study to Determine the Effects of Chemical solutions (Mahalabiah& Serratia) Added to the Henna on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in white rabbits

Authors: Maryam Mohamed Besher,Aisha abokhzam, Rajaa Alghani

Abstract

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The objective of the study was to determine the Influence of some chemical additives to Henna and most actively traded on some liver and kidney functions and complete blood count in white rabbits.15 rabbit divided into three groups, each group containing five rabbits. The first group which used as a control was a topical application of henna on the dorsal region of the rabbits after removing hair. The second group had been used henna with Mahlbaih. Henna was used with Serratia in third group. Rabbits were slaughter of after 24 hours to get the blood to require analyzes. The results of this study showed a significant increase in AST, ALT and increase in the concentration of Urea and Creatinine in the two groups, which used Mahalbiah and Serratia. There is no variability in CBC count between three groups.

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Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Extracted Oil of Seeds of Jojoba H F. Simmondisa chinensis

Authors: Salah Murghani Mutwakel, Zamzam Ali Basher , Salhah Ali Ali Fatah, Mabroka Mohmmed Aldarmoon, Raja Mohmmed Osman

Abstract

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Number of views: 1036

The aim of present study was to extract oil from jojoba and study the physical and chemical properties of extracted oil. The samples were collected for two seasons 2011 to 2012 respectively from Arkawiet, south of west of Portosudan city. After prepare of samples and extracted oil from it, we did some physical properties as (refracting coefficient, relativity of density, viscosity-ratio of ash, color, moisture and the grays), The chemical properties include determination of (free fatty acid, Ph, saponification value, peroxide number, iodine number, unsap materials and ester characteristics). The study showed that the percentage of extracted oil for two samples A and B were 53 and 55 % respectively. Viscosity for two seasons varied from 34.31 and 36.499 mm2/s for 2011 and 2012, respectively. Both values are within the standard limits of the oil which is 35- 37 mm2/s. Acidification value for the two seasons was 1.82 and 1.68 for 2011 and 2012 respectively compared to the standard which is less than 2.00. Among the most important recommendations concern the cultivation of jojoba plant and try to increase production in environments suitable to invest in it extraction locally.

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Assessment of Protective Immunity and Protective Capacity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine for Children Living in Different Regions of Jordan

Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Osman, Ali Ahmad Abu Siyam, and Yasser Ali Biomi

Abstract

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Number of views: 531

Hepatitis B vaccine has been integrated into the current childhood immunization program in Jordan since 1995. Since that date, no studies were made for HBV vaccine assessment on Jordanian children. Main objective in our study is to evaluate the protective immunity levels induced by HBV vaccination among a school entry age group. Risk factors to hepatitis B infection were investigated and the protective capacity of the vaccine was studied. Blood samples were obtained from the study group, ELISA tests performed for all cases for anti-HBsAg, anti-HBcAg, and HBsAg. PCR performed for subjects that exposed to different risk factors. No hepatitis B virus was detected in all the blood samples, where all of them were negative to HBcAb, and the group of risk factors has negative results of HBV DNA and HBsAg. The response to HBV vaccine (Anti-HBsAg) values were classified according to child gender (sex), age and several risk factors in order to investigate any effect of each factor on the values of the Anti-HBsAg, after giving the vaccine. 78.9% of children at school entry age had more than 10 (>10 mIU/ml) of anti-HBsAg, so most children were protected from HBV infection, and this result agree with recent studies. 35.4% of the study children were exposed to different risk factors, which increase the probability of HBV infections. Presence of sub-protecting immunity suggests giving a booster dose at the age of school entry, to prolong and increase the protection immunity of school children. The levels of anti-HBsAg decrease with increase age and the immunity against HBV infection will be decreased too. The infection rate and vaccine response of HBV in both sex were almost the same.