INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

1-8

Authors: Farshid Ghorbani | Reza Yousefi Hajiabadi | Mansoir Zaranezhad

Higher sales and profits are among main goals of every business. There are different ways to accomplish such goals such as advertising. Advertisinghas not only a positive effect on profitability, but it can also transform a luxury product into a necessity; therefore, the more advertising there is and the more complementary information accompany a product, the more rational and permanent this transformation would be. This study was carried out using Autoregressive Distributed Lag model with the aim of analyzing the effects of advertising intensity on profitability in cosmetics and hygiene products stores. Our data was based on seasonal figures of 1375-1386(Hijri) and the results showed a significant positive relationship between intensity of advertising and profitability of the mentioned businesses. The same relationship was also present between concentration ratio and profitability.

17-26

Authors: Panchal Shivam

Bio-based polymers are attracting increased attention due to environmental concerns and the realization that global petroleum resources are finite. Plastic is one of the major pollutants at present time around the world, which is used for daily use like packaging materials, carry bags, manufacturing of different types of materials etc. So, to replace the use of synthetic plastic as well as to reduce the increasing environmental pollution an alternative must be developed. This need of synthetic plastic can be fulfilled by use of bioplas tics. Bioplastics, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates are polymers produced by bacteria among which Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one major group. The property of PHB is similar to synthetic plastics. So, it can be used as a suitable alternative to the present day conventional practices for sustainability. Several bacterial species like Actinobacillus, Azotobacter, Agrobacterium, Rhodobacter and Sphaerotilius have been under focus for their ability of converting organic waste to bacterial PHA. For industrial production of PHB, some bacterial species like Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., Cupriavidus spp. have been extensively used for their potential to produce PHB. Since the production of bio-plastic is expensive many techniques have been adopted for large scale production. But, to obtain PHB in large amount the selection of proper strains of bacteria, capable of producing or accumulating PHB is necessary. Marine ecosystem is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth and still required to be explored. So in this study, comparison of the production of PHB (Bio- Plastic) in Marine and Soil bacteria has been done to find out which one has the potency to accumulate more PHB.Bio-based polymers not only replace existing polymers in a number of applications but also provide new combina-tions of properties for new applications. A range of bio-based polymers are presented in this review, focusing on general methods of production, properties, and commercial applications. The review examines the technological and future challenges discussed in bringing these materia-ls to a wide range of applications, together with potential solutions, as well as discusses the major industry players who are bringing these materials to the market.For bio-based polymers like PLA and PHA, additives are being developed to improve their performance, by blending with other polymers or making new copolymers.

31-35

Authors: Shaikh RS | Rakh RR | Ravangave LS

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were synthesized by using a simple chemical sol-gel precipitation method with zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide in distilled water as a starting material. The synthesized sample was calcinated at different temperature for 1hour and different morphological changes occurred in samples were observed. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which showed various morphological changes of ZnO. UV shows absorption spectra of ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticle has shown a wide range of antibacterial activity. ZnO nanoparticle inhibits the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis NCIM2130 upto 30 mm and Pseudomonas cf. monteilii 9 upto 20 mm which more effective than the antibiotic used for comparative testing.

39-42

Authors: Khandekar SR | Suradkar KP | Hande DV

Cycloruthenated (II) complexes offer several favorable properties suited for anticancer drug design, which provide a new class of compounds for clinical uses as an alternative to platinum antitumor drugs for the treatment of cancer. In the present work various precursors and ligand were synthesized such as [Ru(bpy)2Cl2].2H2O, [Ru(phen)2Cl2].2H2O and 2-phenyl imidazoline respectively for the production of Cycloruthenated (II) complexes like [Ru(bpy)2(2PZ-L)]PF6 and [Ru(phen)2(2PZ-L)]PF6. During the study different physical methods have been used ie. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); Infrared spectroscopy (IR); UV-Visible spectroscopy for characterization. These complexes have anticancerous as well as great antimicrobial properties.