Bylye Gody

6-17

Authors: Viktor N. Zemskov

In the article the great numbers of political repressions, which were exaggerated by authors: R.A. Medvedev, A.I. Solzhenitsyn, O.G. Shatunovskoy, A.V. Antonov-Ovseenko in 80-90s are criticized. The author characterizes figures given in tens and even in hundreds of millions of victims as a statistical charlatanism. After checking up the KGB archives, and documents of division responsible for NKVD-MVD special settlements, the author spills the light on real numbers of political repressions in USSR. In his view, the total number of political victims does not exceed 2, 6 million people. This number implies over 800 thousand of death sentenced for political reasons, around 600 thousand political prisoners who died in labor camps, and about 1, 2 million people died in exile (including ‘Kulak Exile’) and during transportation (deported ethnic groups and others).

24-30

Authors: Vitaly А. Bondarev, Аleksandr S. Levakin

The article is based on the historic files of Don, Kuban and Stavropol regions, which feature the ‘dekulakization’ procedures following the total collectivization at the end of 1920s – 1930s. The ideological motives, the scale and ‘dekulakization’ techniques are shown in this article. The theory of ‘dekulakization’ as a kind of Stalin’s repressions against peasantry has been proved.

42-47

Authors: Aleksandr P. Skorik

The article analyzes the repressive policy conducted by Bolsheviks against Don, Kuban and Tersk Cossack Communities at the beginning of 1930s. The anti-Cossacks measures, key methods and consequences are shown in the article. The Author proves the existence of different approaches towards the Cossack Communities, which influenced the repressions policy by Bolsheviks.

57-62

Authors: Vladimir S. Milbakh

The article features one of the dark pages in Russian History – Mass Political Repressions in the country and in the army in 1937–1938. The starting point of repressions against the senior officers is shown on the example of Transbaikal Millitary District. The statistical data on political prisoners (chief officers, commanders), poorly disguised political cases by NKVD officers are shown. New archival files have been uncovered.

76-85

Authors: Vyacheslav I. Menkovsky

The article analyses the process and the results of scholary disputes, concerning “Stalin’s terror” of 1930s in English-language historiography of the second half of the ХХ century, determines methodological aspects of different approaches to the estimation of political repressions dimension in the Soviet Union. As the Soviet statistics was secured, English and American authors used a number of sources: estimations by former Soviet officers and prisoners, settled in Europe; evidences by foreigners, who visited the Soviet Union and Polish prisoners of Soviet camps; data, concerning the number of newspapers, received by the camps; the released figures, regarding some labour camps. Number of people, who had no part in the election for the Soviets was considered, as well. In 1980s the debates, regarding the dimension of forced labour employment in Stalin-era Soviet Union, the number of victims came to English and American historiography attention again. It was related to the emergence of new estimation procedures, publication of some new demographic data in Soviet press, wider application of the models, used by other social sciences in Sovietology. Brand new, open-ended evaluation possibilities appeared only after the Soviet and Russian secret files were partially opened up at the turn of 1980-1990s. Soviet «glasnost» enabled to introduce archive historical data, regarding Stalin-era repressive policy for scientific use. English and American historians made extensive use of Soviet and Russian publications, reassessed some stereotypes, deeply rooted in Europe. But data, related to the excessive decline of Soviet population in 1926-1939 varies in occidental scientific literature from 5 to 20 million people. Thus, it may be concluded that the scientific assessment of Soviet repressive policy is incomplete.

100-109

Authors: Olga U. Popova

The article is focused on the problem of Soviet ideologeme of the enemy from within in the period of pre-war Stalinism. Stalin’s ideologeme is considered as consistent continuity with Lenin’s enemy rhetoric. The article discloses the development of Lenin’s enemy rhetoric, singles out stages of Stalin’s enemy ideologeme establishment as a part of official ideologic policy and analyses its features.

112-116

Authors: Svetlena I. Kovalskaya, Tgelen S. Sadykov

The article examines the regional history of political repressions in the USSR on the example of former labour camps – Dolinka and Akmol Villages (Kazakhstan). Special attention is attached to the process of victims of political repressions rehabilitation and to the development of regulatory background on this problem in recent period.