Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

5-16

Authors: I. Sherman, K. Geina, S. Kutishchev, P. Kutishchev

Purpose. To analyze permanent negative effect from transformation of riverine hydroecosystems on fish fauna of Azov-Black Sea Basin. Methodology. Materials on the abiotic parameters of hydro river, according to information received by the regional meteorological stations and their own observations. Industrial situation analyzed by official reports Statefishagency of Ukraine. Findings. The studies demonstrate that there is a gradual process of an increase of the number of components, which virtually exclude the significance of positive results of self-purification by natural way, in water mass of transformed riverine systems. Spontaneous fluctuation of water level, which is caused by volumes of daily discharges, often instantly changes water levels on spawning areas. Fertilized fish eggs is periodically flooded or periodically dried, aeration regime changes that results in mass fish kills at different stages and phases of embryogenesis. Ecological situation of transformed hydroecosystems demonstrates coupling of negative effect of hydrological regime autostaticity in time and space, deterioration of water chemical composition. There is a permanent trend of saturation of water with components, which are not natural that results in doubtfulness of effective reproduction puts in question the possibility of stable state of valuable commercial fish stocks. At the same time, transformed water areas of riverine hydroecosystems have high bioproductive potential, which having its own food resource, is ineffectively transformed into food base for valuable commercial fish species. Against the background of noted changes, the considered water areas lost their suitability of providing effective reproduction. As a consequence, primary valuable fish species form low-yield generations and this is reflected on qualitative indices of commercial fishing. There was found a permanent trend of sufficiently fast change of the ratio of valuable and low-valuable species in favor of low-valuable ones. Originality. Conducted systematic generalization of the impact construction on state fisheries natural reservoirs of Ukraine as an example of the Dnieper. Practical value. The results can be used to develop ways of rational use of Hydrobiological river systems of Ukraine in terms of the transformed flow. Keywords: hydroecosystems transformed, spawning, bioproduction potential fishing, semi-anadromous, communicating kinds of fish fodder resource ihtio-weight.

24-37

Authors: T. Grygorenko

Purpose. To investigate the effect of brewer᾽s grains on formation of hydrochemical regime, development of natural forage base, and fish productivity in nursery ponds. Methodology. Generally accepted methods for hydrochemistry, hydrobiology and fish farming have been used. For general (full) chemical analysis, water samples were taken 2 times a season (at the beginning and end of the growing season), a short chemical analysis of water was conducted twice a month. Hydrobiological samples (phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos) were collected before and after the application of organic fertilizers and throughout the growing season 2-3 times a month. Findings. The article summarizes the results of studies conducted during 2007-2009 devoted to the use of different doses and schemes of application of brewer’s grains in nursery ponds. Effects of brewers’ grains of hydrochemical regime, development of natural food base (phyto-, zooplankton, zoobenthos) and fish productivity in nursery ponds have been studied. It was found that the brewer᾽s grains stimulates the development of natural forage base for juvenile fish and can be an alternative to traditional organic fertilizers ― humus. Adding of brewers’ grains (dry matter content of 29,4 %) to the nursery ponds at the rate of 2,0 t/ha (once or twice during the growing season) ensured the development of phytoplankton to 33,52 dm3, zooplankton ― up to 37,97 g/m3, benthos ― up to 3,43 g/m2. Fish productivity in nursery ponds production reached 736,3 – 754,6 kg/ha. Originality. Peculiarities of formation of hydrochemical regime and development of phyto-, zooplankton, and zoobenthos have been studied for the first time when using wastes of the brewery industry – brewer’s grains for fertilization of nursery ponds. It was found that brewer᾽s grains contribute to an increase of the development of natural forage base and fish productivity in ponds. Practical Value. Based on these results, it was proposed to put into practice the use of pond fish brewer᾽s grain, as non-traditional organic fertilizers, to stimulate the development of natural forage base nursery in ponds to enhance their fish productivity. Keywords: brewer᾽s grain, natural forage base, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, nursery ponds, carp fingerlings, fish productivity.

50-59

Authors: M. Alexeenko, N. Kolesnik, М. Simon

Purpose. Environmental - faunal studies of juvenile fish in the littoral zone of the reservoir, study of changes in species composition and behavior of juvenile fish depending on various environmental factors. Methodology. An integrated monitoring studies of spatial - temporal distribution of juvenile fish were performed within 14 research stations of the Kiev reservoir, according to the methodological developments of V. Trohimtsya. The material was collected with a juvenile fish beach seine of 4 m long and 1 m high and "ACT" traps. Species were identified using a fish guide specially developed for the analysis of Dnieper River species composition. Material processing was performed in the field and in laboratory conditions according to generally accepted methods. The similarity of the species lists of various stations was determined by Jaccard’s indexes. Findings. Dominant and rare representatives of the littoral fish fauna of the Kanev reservoir have been determined. The effect of vegetation density degree and depth on the spatial - temporal distribution of juvenile fish in the different periods of the year has been found. The relationship between the depth of the "AST" traps and fish fry catch has been found. It is shown that in the morning fry moved to the shore in search of food (53.8 %), and at night it actively moved away from the shore (44,4 %) that was associated with a decrease of water temperature in the littoral zone. Originality. The relationship between the spatial and temporal distribution and species composition of the juvenile fish of the littoral zone of the Kanev Reservoir has been investigated taking into account the effect of dominating species on habitats, in the dynamics during three years. Practical value. The conducted studies give an idea about peculiarities of species composition and spatial - temporal distribution of juvenile fish in the littoral zone of the Kanev reservoir. The results allow predicting further changes in fish abundance and future catches. Keywords: species composition, distribution, juvenile fish, "AST" trap, littoral habitat, Jaccard’s index, Kanev Reservoir.

66-74

Authors: Yu. Rud, V. Filipov, L. Dragan, L. Buchatsky

Purpose. To analyse the nucleotide sequences of salmonids Y chromosome and to determine the fragment for specific primers selection and also to develop the PCR based method for sex determination in huchen H. hucho. Methodology. Using the ClustalW algorithm in MEGA 5.2, the nucleotide sequences of salmonids Y chromosome were analysed. For developing of method for rapid diagnostic of huchen sex the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used. Tne nucleotide sequences of amplified products were investigated by sequencing. Findings. Using PCR assay the method of sex determination in huchen H. hucho was developed. It was shown that specific PCR products in size of 450 nucleotides were visible in huchen males only. In addition we showed that selected primers can be used in sex determination of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and this fact is proved the high rate of sdY locus similarity and its wide destribution in salmonids. Originality. The nucleotide sequences of salmonids Y chromosome were analysed and highly conservative region of sdY locus for specific primers selection, which covers sex-linked marker, was identified. Practical Value. Rapid sex determination in huchen by the developed method will allow to identify reversal males in process of gormonal sex reversion. At the stage of reversal males screening, this method will allow to identify the genotypic males (XY) in experimental group and discard them because only phenotypic males with XX genotype (reversal males) must be used in the crosses with native femelas for getting of 100 % all-females stock. Key words: huchen, sexually dimorphic locus, PCR, sex reversal

86-96

Authors: I. Osoba

Purpose. To perform determination of the content of individual lipid peroxidation products in hepatopancreas tissues and skeletal muscle of carp of different genesis. Methods. Determination of free radical products of lipid peroxidation in hepatopancreas tissues of and skeletal muscle of carp was performed by spectrophotometric analysis. In particular, the content of malondialdehyde was determined by reaction with thiobarbituric acid, which at high a temperature in acidic medium proceeds with the formation of colored trimethine complex. The intensity of the formation of lipid hydroperoxides was determined after precipitation of proteins by a solution of trichloroacetic acid and lipid extraction by ethanol with following interaction of the studied extracts of ammonium thiocyanate. To determine the content of diene conjugates in tissues, we used a method, which is based on the formation of conjugated double bonds accompanied by the appearance of a new absorption maximum in the spectrum range of λmax = 233 nm. The results. As a result of the studies it was found that the content of malondialdehyde in skeletal muscle of two-year scaly and framed carp of Nesvich zonal type is likely lower in comparison with that of skeletal muscle of Amur wild carp and the carp hybrid grows relatively group - hybrid carp .It was marked the growth in the content of diene conjugates in skeletal muscle of Lyubin Nesvich scaly carp compared to framed ones.It was shown the tissue specificity savings to individual products of lipid peroxidation in experimental groups of fish. The scientific novelty. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the contents of individual products of free radical oxidation in tissues of age-2 scaly carp and framed Nesvich zonal and Lyubin interbreed type with groups such as the Amur wild carp and carp hybrid has been perfomed. Factors providing such intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in tissues of the studied age-2 groups of fish have been characterized. The practical significance. Comparative analysis of the course of free radical peroxidation processes clearly reflects the level of individual adaptive capacities of different groups of fish. The results of these studies can be used to monitor the physiological state of raised fish as a quality criterion of management level. And also for the improvement of the latter to minimumize the risk of oxidative stress in the organism of raised fish. Keywords: carp of various genesis, free radicals, lipid peroxidation, malonic dialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, diene conjugates.