Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy

68-78

Authors: Jagga, V.; Lehri, A.; & Verma, S.K.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common problem with estimated annual incidence rate of 0.5-5.1 per 1000. Its incidence in the workplace has reached epidemic proportions, comprising 40.8 percent of all upper extremity repetitive motion. Certain occupational activities also carry an increased risk of CTS. A number of etiological factors have been suggested to be potentially etiologic for CTS. These include repetitive prolonged hand intensive activities, forceful exertions awkward or static posture, vibration, temperature extremes and localized mechanical stress. Referred literature was collected up to June 2011 mentioning carpal tunnel syndrome and occupation and textbook of orthopaedic physiotherapy third edition by Robert Donateli and Wooden. Most of the articles dealt with prevalence, diagnosis, and description of carpal tunnel syndrome. Various articles from the collected data were based on occupational studies. The references were further supplemented by systematic search on Pubmed, Google and Pedro with keywords occupation, incidence, and prevalence with carpal tunnel syndrome. Several specific occupational studies that had been reviewed in these were found to deal with meat, cut metal workers, supermarket workers, meat industry workers, slaughter house, assembly line workers, meat and fish process, manufacturing, construction and agriculture workers, musicians, ski manufacturing, frozen food factory employees, repetitive industrial work groups, poultry processing workers, heavy wrist movements and heavy manual workers, packaging industry workers, footwear factory, grocery store workers etc. These studies were included in the review. In summary, a useful body of research now supports and extends previous conclusions that certain occupations involving wrist activities materially increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome. Prolonged exposure to highly repetitive flexion and extension of the wrist should be avoided. KEY WORDS: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Occupation, Repetitive Flexion, Repetitive Extension

89-94

Authors: Nidhi, B.; Narkeesh, A.; & Khurana , S

Surface spinal stimulation with electrical stimulation plays a major role in the management of various neurological disorders and also reduces the spasticity. There are many previous studies where surface spinal stimulation had been used in various neurological disorders and purposes and mostly in these studies low frequency current are used but still there is no study to explain how surface spinal stimulation by two medium frequency currents influences on monosynaptic reflex. In present study Premodular IFC & Russian current by surface spinal stimulation has been used at T-12 & L-1 for 45 minutes to see how it influence on monosynaptic reflex by taking Pre & post readings. The mean, standard deviations were calculated for all variables. After that ANOVA was applied between pre & post reading of all variables after medium frequency currents and after that two currents were compared by paired t- value for all the parameters of monosynaptic reflex. It was concluded that spinal stimulation with medium frequency current resulted in a significant effect on monosynaptic reflex as there was significant effect on H-latency and H-amplitude, however there was non significant effect on H/M ratio & Premodular IFC produced greater effect than the Russian current. Key words: Monosynaptic reflex, Surface Spinal Stimulation, Medium frequency currents

99-102

Authors: Singh, G.; & Kumar, A.

This study was planned to evaluate the relationship among glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic males of Punjabi population. A total of 120 type 2 diabetics with an age ranged from 30 to 70 years volunteered to participate in this study. The glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) & lipid profiles were recorded with standard procedure. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 16.0. The mean HbA1c was 7.34 ± 1.24%. There were 59% subjects with high total cholesterol (TC) levels and 98% were with raised LDL levels. The 65% of the subjects were having lower HDL level. HbA1c demonstrated significant positive relationship with total cholesterol, TC (r=0.29), triglyceride, TG (r=0.26), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C (r=0.19) and with low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C (r=0.5). It was concluded from the results of this study that HbA1c can also be used as a predictor of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetics in addition to as a glycemic control parameter. Thus, early diagnosis of dyslipidaemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetics. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, CVD.

110-115

Authors: Leena, L.

Vigorous physical activities as well as competitive athletics offer sports men and women a variety of healthful benefits. However, participating in such activities also places athletes at risk for injury, including trauma to the teeth and mouth. These injuries are most often due to direct hits with a ball or player-to-player contacts.The goal of present paper discusses a case of a 17 year old hockey player who met with a sports injury and reported to the dental clinic with the chief complaint of broken upper front teeth. The paper discusses various treatment options available for different types of fractures to the teeth. Simple fracture involving enamel/dentin requires composite build ups but complex fractures involving pulp and extensive loss of tooth structure requires root canal treatment followed by post and core and crowning of the fractured tooth with porcelain fused to metal. KEYWORDS: Post and core, Root Canal, Crown