NPunto

Number 73, 2024

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SUICIDIO. PREVENCIÓN E INTERVENCIONES MULTIDISCIPLINARES

Authors: Fernández Arias, I

Abstract

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Number of views: 12

Suicide is a complex problem of great magnitude, as a result of the interaction of different factors. Currently, an increase in their numbers has been observed in two population groups: adolescents and the elderly. Suicidal behavior affects three levels: emotional, behavioral and cognitive, in which common characteristics appear: ambivalence, impulsiveness and stiffness. The most important risk factor is suicide attempt, since it is the most predictive. The preventive interventions used must be multisectoral and comprehensive, targeting different populations: universal, selective and indicated strategy. The psychological autopsy analyzes suicide and with the data obtained we can design and implement prevention strategies. The most relevant intervention is the clinical interview, it consists of a dialectical process, the therapeutic alliance is promoted and results in the achievement of consensual objectives. Other interventions that can be used are psychotherapeutic therapies. The mourners form a significant group, we must use preventive strategies to avoid chronicity, the pathologization of mourning and the decrease in the use of psychotropic drugs. The nurse acquires a valuable role, coordinates with other professionals and ensures that the patient receives multidisciplinary and comprehensive care as possible.

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CONDUCTA SUICIDA

Authors: García Sigler, L

Abstract

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Number of views: 15

Suicide is a topic of great importance and sensitivity that requires a multidisciplinary approach and a thorough and careful study. Nowadays, suicide has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially among the younger population, which has generated significant social alarm and has led to numerous studies and research on this topic. Given its high prevalence and devastating consequences, it is essential to investigate and understand the various risk factors associated with suicide, such as mental disorders, substance abuse, traumatic situations, and lack of social support. Additionally, it is essential to explore the most effective prevention and treatment strategies, as well as improve access to support and treatment services for at-risk individuals. Although we have developed tools and scales that facilitate the study of suicide, we still do not have tools that possess sufficient evidence and objectivity to be incorporated into regular clinical practice. Therefore, it is crucial to delve into all the factors that influence the genesis of suicide, as well as its management from different healthcare fields. In summary, the study of suicide requires a multidisciplinary and rigorous approach due to its importance and complexity. It is necessary to investigate the risk factors, develop more objective and effective tools, and improve prevention and treatment services. Only through a comprehensive approach and continuous research can we adequately address this serious public health problem.

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EL DUELO POR SUICIDIO EN LOS FAMILIARES. NECESIDADES E INTERVENCIONES

Authors: Marco Ramo, E

Abstract

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Number of views: 36

The mourning of relatives and close friends who have lost a member to suicide is different from mourning for another cause. The great emotional impact, the stigma, the feelings of shame and guilt, the misunderstanding of the event and the ruminative thoughts focused on seeking an explanation mean that the evolution of grief does not follow the phases of normal grief. The suicide loss of a loved one has consequences for the rest of the family, physical and psychological, it increases the risk of suicide of another member. It affects intra- and extra-family relationships and academic and work performance. The evolution of the duel will depend on each individual case, but there are factors such as the relationship with the deceased, the farewell messages, the method used or the possibility of receiving support, which will influence the process. After receiving such traumatic news, at first, family members seek support in their closest circle, but this support becomes insufficient and they need the attention of mental health professionals. Therefore, it is essential that professionals are trained in this area and know the particularities of a duel due to suicide compared to a normal duel.

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DEPRESIÓN Y SUICIDIO EN LA POBLACIÓN INFANTO-JUVENIL

Authors: Rodríguez Cosío, O., Pérez Sainero, M

Abstract

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Number of views: 18

Nowadays, depression is known as one of the most prevalent mental diseases. 5.6% of adolescents (teenagers) aged between 13 and 18 years old experience symptoms, leading to have a higher risk for suicidal thoughts and acts. According to the OMS, this is one of the most important reasons to prevent it. Objective: Review the existing literature about child-youth depression. Method: Systematic revision. Databases: PubMed, ClinicalKey, Cuiden Plus; guides and reports: NICE, IACAPAP, OMS, INE, Ministry of Health, FSME y GPC. Results: One in five children suffers from a mental disease. The prevalence of depression varies between 5,6%-7,1%. These percentages increase with age and they are 2-3 times more common in women. There is a high correlation among depression, bullying and suicide. Conclusion: Multifactorial prevention and involvement (healthcare network, family, school) is the mainstay of treatment, being the most efficient to get a good prognosis and sympton control.

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EL EJERCICIO FÍSICO EN LA PREVENCIÓN DEL SUICIDIO EN LA ADOLESCENCIA

Authors: Álvarez García, A

Abstract

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Number of views: 23

Background Suicide is one of the most tragic events facing this Society. The constant increase in the number of cases, as well as the fact that it affects younger and younger people, makes it necessary to implement measures for its prevention. Due to its easy application, its accessibility and its good cost-benefit ratio, physical exercise, through its multiple physical and psychological effects, can be one of the most useful ways to chieve this porpouse. Methodology A single researcher has carried out a bibliographic review between April and June 2023 in the main databases: PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, ENFISPO, COCHRANE and CUIDEN, using the different keywords combined through the different boolean operators,115 articles, published in English or Spanish, in the last 5 years, had been identified. Results Seven articles have been selected for analysis. All of them, studied the effect of physical exercise on suicidal behavior in adolescents. The difference between sexes and the most appropriate type, intensity, volume or frequency of physical exercise have also been analyzed. Conclusion Physical exercise, in all its variants, prevents suicidal behavior in adolescents and improves their mental health. This relationship is clearer in the case of boys than in the case of girls, for whom more studies would be needed. The methodological irregularity of the studies prevents establishing a more useful form of exercise but collective exercises are recommended.