Revista Contexto & Saúde

19-26

Authors: Stêfani de Moraes1 , Amanda Felipe Portella1 , Andressa Leal Zambra1 , Bruna Morgan da Silva , Natacha Cossettin Mori , Isadora Aguirre Rosa , Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes Deuschle , Josiane Woutheres Bortolotto , Gabriela Bonfanti Azzolin

Introduction: The use of natural antioxidants to prevent atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease is a growing trend. Purpose: Considering LDL oxidation as a crucial factor in the development of atherosclerosis, and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale), the aim of the present study is to evaluate the phytochemical content, antioxidant mechanisms and the potential of Ginger Rhizome Hydroethanolic Extract (EHEG), on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation of hypercholesterolemic patients, in vitro. Method: In EHEG were evaluated contents of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant mechanisms. From patient serum samples (n = 12), the LDL fraction was isolated, previously treated with EHEG (10 - 100 µg / ml) and subjected to oxidative induction with 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH - 10 mM). Afterwards, the lipoperoxidation level was measured through spectrophotometric determination of thiobarbituric acid-related substances (TBARS). Results: EHEG has total phenolic compounds (357.68 ± 39.80 mg AG/g), flavonoids (30.37 ± 5.10 mg Q/g), tannins (51.99 ± 11.88 mg CA/g ) and vitamin C (21.53 ± 1.43 mg Vit C/g), besides presents NO (IC50 = 40.53 μg / mL) and H2 O2 (IC50 = 1.42 mg/mL) radical scavenging activity. Regarding inhibition of LDL oxidation, it was observed that the EHEG, from the concentration of 50 µg/ml was effective in reducing the oxidative damage caused by AAPH. Conclusion: Ginger has protective activity against the formation of oxidized LDL, suggesting that its phytochemical compounds confer antioxidant activity, and may be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially those related to the proce

35-40

Authors: Amanda A. R. Machado , Nilce Coelho Peixoto , Tiffany P. Hautrive , Juliano Uczay , Aline S. Bezerra

Objective: the antioxidant compounds naturally present in plants have been the subject of research replacing synthetic ones as food additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of yerba mate extract, in association with rosemary, oregano and thyme condiments, in tilapia fillets submitted to different preparation forms, in face of lipid oxidation of fish. Method: the extracts were evaluated for the percentage reduction of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical and for the content of total phenolic compounds. The lipid oxidation of the fish was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) test. Results: the results showed that the oregano was the condiment that presented the highest content of total phenolic compounds and the yerba mate, the highest antioxidant activity. Regarding the analysis of TBARS, the addition of the yerba mate mix with the three condiments to the fillets of in natura tilapia and submitted to the different thermal processes (fried or roasted), were verified that presented the smaller values relative to the control samples (without the addition of the mix), reaching a reduction of approximately ten times in prepared roasted fish. As for reheating, it was found that this factor doubles the amount of TBARS present. Conclusions: thus, according to the results, it is possible to suggest the effectiveness of the association of condiments with yerba mate in the reduction of oxidative rancidity of the tilapia fillets submitted to the different thermal processes applied, as well as the in natura product.

49-54

Authors: Daniele Scherer Drews, Ivana Beatrice Manica da Cruz, Greice Franciele Feyh dos Santos Montagner

Beverages based on Camellia sinensis have been used for many centuries in traditional medicine, with the infusion being prepared with its leaves. One of the widely consumed products of C. sinensis is green tea, its benefits being associated with its chemical composition. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the possible genotoxic activity of the green tea extract through the evaluation of DNA damage by the Comet Assay. In this way, an in vitro assay was performed from leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. The isolated leukocytes were treated with different concentrations of C. sinensis extract, after which the DNA damage was evaluated by the Comet Assay. The results obtained show that DNA damage index to differente concentratios to C. sinensis extract was similar to the control, with no significant difference, which show that at the concentrations used the extract had no present genotoxic effect. The use of green tea in the diet can have many benefits for the organism, mainly for its bioactive compounds, therefore, studies are necessary to evaluate its toxicity, to better evaluate the safety in its use.

62-77

Authors: Analú Bender dos Santos,Lílian Corrêa Costa-Beber,Eloisa Gabriela de Pelegrin Basso, Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin,Renan Daniel Bueno Basso, Maicon Machado Sulzbacher, Mirna Stela Ludwig, Thiago Gomes Heck

Introduction: L-glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, whose pool appears to be depleted during catabolic conditions, such as intense or high duration exercise, and to avoid the exercise- related benefits. Therefore, its supplementation could provide an additional source of L-glutamine and prevent these effects. However, the oral intake of its free form has been discouraged, despites of some evidences reporting positive effects. Objective: to verify whether the L-glutamine supplementation (in its free form) could provide an additional improvement in biometric, glycemic and redox parameters, in animals undergoing moderate aerobic training (MAT). Methods: 28 Swiss male mice were divided into four groups: Cont (n=7), Ex (n=7), Glut (n=8), and Ex+Glut (n=6). Glut and Ex+Glut received gastric gavage of L-glutamine (1g/kg), while Cont and Ex groups received 100 µL of PBS one hour before exercising, five days/week, six weeks. Ex and Ex+Glut underwent moderate swimming, while Cont and Glut remained sedentary, for the same period. Mice started swimming with 2% of body weight attached to the tail during 20 min, and ended the experiment with 4% during 60 min. Results: L-glutamine supplementation increased the gastrocnemius mass and improved the glucose tolerance in animals submitted to MAT. It improved the antioxidant status in gastrocnemius, liver and pancreas, and declined it in adipose tissue in animals undergoing MAT. The drop of adipose antioxidant defense was associated with adiposity, while pancreas antioxidant activity was inversely associated with the glucose intolerance. Conclusion: L-glutamine (free form) improves biometric and glucose parameters, and enhances antioxidant activities.