Animal Production

1-7

Authors: Sintje Lumatauw, Muh Affan Mu’in

Prolactin in chicken (cPRL) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in incubation and brooding behavior. This hormone is coded by a gene that located at chromosome 2. The objective of this study was to investigate 24-bp indel polymorphism in promoter prolactin gene of Papua local chickens. A number of 60 DNA samples came from 60 Papua local chickens (25 males and 35 females) were used in this study. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method with a pair of specific primer was applied and a specific DNA fragment with 130 and/or 154 bp contained 24-bp indel was successfully amplified. Results of electrophoresis run on 1.5 % agarose gel showed three genotypes: II, ID and DD with the frequency of 6,7%, 48.3% and 45% respectively. The frequency of I allele was 0.31 and D allele was 0.69. Results indicated that the I allele frequency was medium in Papua local chickens population. Results therefore suggest that incubation behavior in hen population of Papua local chickens is easy to eliminate by increasing the I allele frequency in the population.

14-21

Authors: Samadi Samadi, Siti Wajizah, Yunasri Usman, Denny Riayatsyah, Zidny Al Firdausyi

Sugarcane bagasse is one of agro-industrial residues containing low nutrient content and difficult to be digested by animals. However, it can be recycled to produce value-added product such as protein-enriched animal feed by application feed technology such as ammoniation and fermentation. The purposes of these experiments were to evaluate the quality and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by using two steps feed technology process: ammoniation and continued by fermentation process. Two studies were conducted in these experiments. The first study was to determine the quality of amoniated sugarcane bagasse after incubation at room temperature at different days (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) and the second study was to determine in vitro degestibility of ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented by using the various levels of sago flour (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% from sample total) and kept at room temperature for 21 day in an-aerobic condition. Parameters measured in this study were DM, CP, CF, pH, OM, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility). The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the first study indicated that length of incubation was not significantly affect (P>0.05) on crude fiber content but had significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content but only for control treatment. For the second study concluded that administration of the various levels of sago flour into ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented with T.harzianum significantly influenced (P<0.05) on OM, IVDMD and IVOMD but had not significantly effect on pH value. The results of the study indicated that application 10% of soluble carbohydrate from sago flour was recommended for fermentation process based on the results of in vitro and fermented feed quality studies.

30-35

Authors: Laurentius Rumokoy, Endang Pudjihastuti, Ivonne Maria Untu, Wisje Lusia Toar

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of papain crude extract addition in mash and pellet feed forms on production performance of broiler chickens in order to obtain the best level of extract papain in mash or pellet form. This natural protease enzyme was extracted from unripe papaya. A complete random design was applied in this study and it was arranged with factorial 4*2 and three replications. The treatments were 4 levels of papain (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 %) and two physical forms of feed (mash and pellet). Broilers production parameters measured were: feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass percentage. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction was highly significant (P<0.01) for feed intake, body weight, carcass percentage respectively while feed conversions have significant interaction (P<0.05). The significant differences in the feed consumption described the role of papain enzyme through treatment of CEP and the physical form of feed. The results indicate that the all treatment of papain crude extract level both in mash and pellet feed form were able to improve feed intake, body weight, FCR and carcass percentage of broiler chickens, whereas the best performance was obtained in the treatment of 0.05% papain crude extract in mash form of diets.

43-50

Authors: Novie Andri Setianto, Donald Cameron, John Gaughan

Smallholders beef farming is a complex systems which has wide range of stakeholders whose interests are varied. Systems thinking is one approach which can be recommended to study the complexity of a system. Model is developed to mimic the situation of the farming situation in the real world. A model opens up possibilities for simulating an intervention easier, less dangerously, and more ethically than experimenting in the real world. However, before a model were used to simulate any intervention strategy, it needs to be validated. This paper aimed to describe one validity method which used to test the validity of a model describing the smallholder beef farming. A series of surveys have been undertaken to harness perspectives, opinion, and data from 2 beef farmers group in Kabupaten Banjarnegara and Kabupaten Banyumas. Model were developed using iThink software developed by Ventana®. Behavioural validity was conducted using extreme condition test which use 4 combination of extreme value; calving interval, share to farmer, purchasing price, and selling price. Result showed that behavioural validity method using extreme value test was able to show the consistency of the logic which construct he structure of the model.