Animal Production

1-9

Authors: Ferdinand Ngoula, Tsafack Borice, Tadondjou Tchingo D’Alex, Ngoumtsop Victor Herman, Vemo Narcisse Bertin, Tchoumboue Joseph

Chloramphenicol (CP) is a synthetic antibiotic with large spectrum, mostly used in human and veterinary medicine to fight against diverse infections. In the present study the effects of this antibiotic on some does reproductive parameters were evaluated on 24 nulliparous, sexually mature female (6 months). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 does each, comparable in terms of body weight. To each group was randomly attributed by gavage 25, 50 and 75mg of CP/kg of body weight 30 days before mating (6 females for 1 male) and during the whole gestation period. After sacrifice of the does on the 28th day post-coitum, the organs (ovaries, liver, and kidneys) and fetus were collected and were examined to detect eventual anomalies. The main results showed a non-significant increase (P>0.05) of the relative weight of the liver and kidneys and a non-significant decrease (P>0.05) of that of the ovaries with increase in the dose of CP. No abortions were registered no matter the dose of CP. Gestation index, the rate of fetal mortality and of fetal viability were not significantly affected by the dose of CP used. A decreasing (P<0.05) dependent dose of the average litter size, the average litter weight, the placenta and the gravid uterus, the number of placenta and the implantation sites were registered. However, a non-significant reduction (P>0.05) of the average weight of the fetus and their body measurement, the number of corpus luteum and the sex-ratio (M/F) were registered from treated animals in relation to the control animals. A dose-dependent increase (P<0.05) of number of pre and post-implantation resorptions were noted. The only anomaly registered was the insufficient fusion of the cranial bones at the dose 50 and 75mg/kg of CP. A significant decrease (P<0.05) of the level of proteins in the serum and ovaries were noted in animals treated in relation to those of the control group. It was concluded that CP administered at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg bw to pre and post-coital rabbit does, negatively affects fertility but has no significant teratogenic effects. Its use should therefore be limited or prohibited in husbandry.

16-20

Authors: Nurreni Irawati, Dattadewi Purwantini, Akhmad Sodiq

This research was aimed to investigate heritability score (h2) of milk yield, kid birth weight, and milk quality that included density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and non-fat dry matter of Saanen goat according to the production record of first-lactating individual in the Centre of Pedigree Breeding and Cattle Forage Baturraden. The materials for this research were 180 Saanen does with a first-lactating record. The estimated genetic parameter was heritability score using a paternal half-sib correlation method. Result showed that the heritability of milk yield, kid birth weight, density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and NFDM was 0,32+0,23; 0,25+0,26; 0,15+0,17; 0,11+0,16; 0,12+0,16; 0,10+0,14; 0,10+0,16 and 0,11+0,16, respectively. A high h2 was obtained from heritability score of milk yield, and a moderate h2 was from kid birth weight and milk quality. In conclusion, the h2 score of milk yield of Saanen goats was relatively high, while the h2 score of kid birth weight and milk quality was relatively moderate.

30-37

Authors: Asih Kurniawati, Lies Mira Yusiati, Widodo Widodo, Wayan Tunas Artama

Red ginger is herb that commonly used as part of traditional medicine due to its essential oil content. Some essential oil have proven as rumen fermentation modifier. Addition of red ginger in ruminant diet was studied using in vitro gas production technique to evaluate its effect on nutrient digestibility. Red ginger meal was added to meet essential oil level in fermentation medium of 0 mg/l as control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l. The diet consisted of Penisetum hybride, rice bran, wheat pollard in ratio 60:20:20 DM basis. Feed fermentation was incubated for 24 h at 39°C. At the end of incubation data of gas production volume was taken, and residual feed were collected for further nutrient analysis to calculate the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Variance analysis was used to analysis collected data, followed by DMRT analysis. Addition of red ginger increase total volume of gas production at level 50 mg/L and above. DM and OM digestibility did not affected by red ginger addition whereas CP digestibility were significantly decreased start at level 50 mg/l. In contrast, CF digestibility of treatment level of 50 mg/l significantly higher than control. In conclusion, addition of red ginger correspond to level essential oil of 50 to 100 mg/l improve ruminal nutrient fermentation.

43-48

Authors: Eulis Tanti Marlina, Roostita Lobo Lobo Balia, Denny Widaya Lukman

Dairy Wastewater Sludge (DWS) is sediment from milk processing. Nutritional content of DWS can be used as feed ingredients. The effects of nutrition in DWS are tested on the growth of broiler as well as its specific impact on the development of microflora on broiler digestion. The research methods used experimental design. Tapioca by-product (onggok) is used as DWS binder while Aspergillus niger fermentation is applied to improve nutritional content. The rate of addition fermented DWS in the ration was evaluated through measuring weight gain for 35 days and microflora quality in the cecum by counting the number of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in the cecum at the end of the research period. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of 20% fermented DWS in rations resulted in the highest body weight gain and could suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae) in caecal. The ratio of non pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria increased proportional to the addition of fermented DWS levels in the ration. Different caecum weight of broiler with different fermented DWS levels was a reprentation of microorganism activity in caecum. This condition can illustrate the good health status of livestock so as to optimize the growth of broiler.

56-63

Authors: Juni Sumarmono, Triana Setyawardani, Setya Agus Santosa

he objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and composition of soft cheese manufactured from goat milk, which contained probiotic bacteria, and stored at different temperatures for up to 90 days. Soft cheese was manufactured from fresh Indonesian Etawah goat milk, with a mix starter culture containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum (1:1). Animal rennet was added to facilitate curding. Fresh cheese produced was wrapped in linen clothes and stored under two different temperature conditions, which were high temperature (H:13-15oC) and low temperature (L: 8-10oC) for up to 90 days. Results showed that goat cheese was characterized as soft with mild goaty flavor, contained no less than 108 CFU of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, pH of 4.6, 0.5% free fatty acid, 57% moisture, crude 15% crude protein, 22% total fat and 2.5% mineral. Cheese underwent dehydration during storage which caused an increase in the relative proportion of protein, fat and mineral. The evolution of cheese’s pH, titratable acidity and composition was partly affected by storage temperature. At the end of storage periods (90 days) goat cheese was characterized as semi hard and, on average, contained 1.3-1.5% titratable acidity, pH of 4.94-4.95, 31.22-37.06% moisture, 24.59-24.09% crude protein, 33.51-36.17% total fat, and 5.64-5.53% minerals.. Cheese stored at high temperature has slight growth of mold at its surface, which was anormal condition during for cheese ripening. In conclusion, acceptable characteristics and composition of probiotic-containing cheese can be manufactured from milk of Indonesian Etawah goats and stored at temperature of 8-10oC for 90 days.