Sochi Journal of Economy

73-82

Authors: Alla Yu. Baranova, Emil L. Varvashtian

The article discusses the features of the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation at the present stage and the prospects for expansion in the coming years. During the study, monographs, periodicals and information and reporting materials on the development of digitalization in the Russian economy were studied. In many countries of the world, the development of the digital economy has a national level and is considered by governments as an essential element in increasing the competitiveness of national industrial sectors. European countries were the first to follow the principles of Industry 4.0 and develop development programs in this direction. In recent years, the Russian Federation has also continued to strengthen its position in the digital sphere. However, in view of the significant costs of equipment and means of mobile and Internet communications, the indicators for the import and export of goods indicate a significant lag in our country in the field of production. In terms of providing services in the digital sphere, Russia is considered one of the leaders, but there are problems in terms of retaining specialists and developing promising projects in our country. The data presented in the article allows us to form an objective picture of current trends and plans. Particular attention is focused on certain major projects that are of particular importance for the country and its citizens. In conclusion, the expected effect of the development of digitalization in the Russian Federation is described and its main elements are listed.

90-105

Authors: Ruslan V. Kolesnikov

In article results of an estimation of a condition of sphere of medical tourism of the Russian Federation by data for 2019–2020 contain performance of planned targets of the federal project «Development of export of medical services», including in a cut of various kinds of the medical organisations, federal districts, the countries-importers of medical services Is analyzed; comparison of the prices for medical services to other countries-exporters of services of medical tourism is made. During realisation of the federal project «Development of export of medical services» in 2019–2020 planned targets by quantity of foreign medical tourists are essentially exceeded. Thus on export volume in cost expression considerable default of planned targets was observed. In the lead positions in the market of services of medical tourism of the Russian Federation occupy the Central, Ural and Northwest federal districts. The majority of foreign medical tourists arrives to the Russian Federation from the countries of the Central Asia – Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kirghizia and others. The basic competitive advantages of the Russian medical tourism are the low prices and high enough degree of quality of medical services. Such combination of quality and the price of medical services will be unconditional to promote advancement of domestic services in the international market of medical tourism at corresponding level of advancement of the given services and improvement of quality of a service component of services.

114-132

Authors: Denis Vintu

This study examines the effects of fiscal policy on the economy under uncertainty of public debt. Fiscal policy refers to the actions of government in collecting and spending private resources. As its title suggests, the paper is concerned with the dynamic aspects of fiscal policy. These include the effects of fiscal policies on capital formation, economic growth, and intergenerational equity; the influence of long-run expectations on short-run outcomes; and the restrictions imposed by current policies on the set of feasible future policies. Dynamic analysis has recently gained favor over static analysis in various fields of economics. It is particularly appropriate for the study of fiscal policy, which, at least in the Republic of Moldova, is frequently adjusted and altered. Such changes are often explicitly legislated in advance, but when not pre-announced they may often be surmised from current fiscal conditions. That fiscal variables are continually modified is not surprising. Current policy changes alter the course of the economy and invariably require additional policy changes in the future. But the anticipation of such future changes also alters current outcomes; indeed the current impact of fiscal decisions cannot be determined without considering the entire future time path of fiscal policy. A dynamic perspective is also crucial in weighting the short-run benefits of particular policies (e.g., tax cuts) against long-run losses (e.g., crowding out) and in evaluating the economic efficiency of alternative policies. Economic efficiency refers to the potential for improving the welfare of some segment of society without reducing that of another. Static analysis is ill-equipped to examine economic efficiency because it ignores a vast segment of society, namely, all future generations. Dynamic analysis considers both current and future generations and permits one to distinguish policies that truly improve economic efficiency from those that simply redistribute resources across generations.