International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

40-49

Authors: Jyoti Dhungana

The cooperative sector plays a significant role to improve the economic condition of rural farmers by providing a range of services. However, farmers fail to get better margin prices than vendors due to poor marketing network. In this context, it is realized to unite the farmers in the cooperative, thereby; they can enhance their production skills and market negotiation power. Thus, this paper seeks to examine the role of agriculture cooperatives, especially in the case of smallholders in Nepal and other developing countries. The secondary data sources from literature, reports, and books were used to synthesize, analyze, and conclude the paper. It focuses on empirical findings concerning the role of agriculture cooperatives to the smallholders from farm sustainability aspects, namely: economic, environmental, and social. Further, the study provides the outline of the status of agriculture cooperatives in Nepal, determinants of farmers joining, and challenges faced by cooperatives. The findings conclude the major roles of cooperatives are: to improve the economic status of the farm in terms of productivity, profit, and income. Social capital formation through cooperatives is vital, together with this; farmers perform sustainable agriculture practices. Despite this, some challenges regarding management, governance, and institutional exist in cooperatives. Ideally, these cooperatives need to be prioritized for capacity development and emphasized to produce market-oriented commodities in order to provide an advantage for smallholders. Moreover, the relationship in different aspects of agriculture cooperatives and farms needs to be further investigated to explore in detail

57-66

Authors: Endalew Alemayehu, Tekle Ferede, Zeleke Teshome

The purpose of this study was to investigate EFL teachers’ conceptions of oral output in English class: East Wollega zone high school teachers in focus. The study was conducted in 2020/21 academic year. The research design employed for this study case is the descriptive survey. The researcher used different sampling techniques as random sampling technique to select the schools, purposivesampling for the grade levels and availability and random sampling techniques were used respectively to select the sample teachers for questionnaire and interview. The researcher employed questionnaire for 30 EFL teachers (which is close-ended) and Oral interview (semi-structured) for 6 EFL teachers. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative method and the data from the tools were cross-checked. To this end, the findings of the study indicated that EFL teachers’ conceptions of oral output were found to be below the average mean.

78-89

Authors: Muhammad Umar A., Abd. Rahman, Abdul Kadir, Marjun

The specific objectives to be achieved in this study are 1) To describe descriptively the assessment of service quality, interest rates, and promotions to UMKM customers in utilizing KUR (People's Business Credit) at Bank BRI Kcp Biromaru, Sigi Regency; 2) To determine the simultaneous and partial effect of service quality variables, interest rates and promotions on the decisions of MSME customers in utilizing KUR (People's Business Credit) at Bank BRI Kcp Biromaru, Sigi Regency. This type of research is field research (field research). The population that will be used in this study is all customers who take KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru, Sigi Regency. The sample size in this study was determined using the Slovin formula. The sample to be studied is 210 taken using the Solvin formula with an error rate of 10% or can be called a 90% confidence sample. The error limit that can be tolerated in this study is 10% so the total is 67.7 and the sample is rounded up to 68 customers. This sample collection technique is called Probability simple random sampling, meaning that it is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities for every member of a population to be sampled. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the R Square value of 0.959 means that service quality, interest rates, and promotions have a positive and significant effect simultaneously and partially on the decisions of MSME customers in utilizing KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru Sigi Regency by 95.9% while the remaining 4.1% influenced by other factors not studied. The conclusion obtained is that service quality, interest rates, and promotions have a positive and significant effect simultaneously and partially on the decisions of UMKM customers in utilizing KUR at BRI KCP Biromaru, Sigi Regency.