Scientific Horizons

24-33

Authors: Mykola Zhovmir

A form and dimensions of fuel particles influence the intensity of their burning and approaches to the mathematic description of the process. Known methods do not allow correctly measuring all pellets’ lengths and describing pellets’ lengths distribution. The purpose of the study is to substantiate method for determining the individual pellet length and to specify statistical characteristics of pellets’ lengths distribution. The purpose was achieved by applying the proposed method of indirect determination of the length of each pellet by weighing it, followed by calculation of the equivalent length and modal cluster analysis of the distribution of pellets by length, based on the probability density distribution. The most noteworthy results are that the experimental calculation of the equivalent length gives results that coincide with direct measurements for pellets of the correct shape, but in contrast to direct measurements can also be used to determine the equivalent lengths of irregularly shaped pellets and their fragments. Clustering allowed grouping pellets around objectively existing local maxima in the probability density distribution, which can be identified at intervals of pellet lengths not exceeding 2 mm. The importance of the obtained results is that the indirect method of determining the length of pellets allows replacing the measurement of pellet lengths by their weighing, which eliminates subjective factors when measuring the length of irregularly shaped pellets and their fragments. Clustering characterised the granulometric composition of pellets with histograms of probability, mass fraction, and average length by clusters. Upon using proposed approaches, granulometric composition of industrially produced pellets was specified and increased probabilities were noted for 8 mm pellets in clusters of smaller lengths, compared to 6 mm pellets; while straw pellets are characterised by a higher probability in clusters with shorter lengths compared to wood pellets

41-49

Authors: Ihor Tymochko, Оlha Bezrodnova, Volodymyr Solomakha, Valentyna Maliarenko

The importance and significance of the conservation of the Emerald Object “The lower part of the Uda River Valley” (UA0000295) in botanical and general ecological aspects is discussed in detail. It is located on the outskirts of Kharkiv with an area of 13,381.0 ha. The studied area combines floodplains of regions occupied by meadows, shrub fragments and forest vegetation, and pine forests with artificial pine plantations. Areas of the loess plateau with arable land and deciduous forests, as well. List of the leading plant species, area's, main ecological and biotic features of identified habitats under Resolution 4 of the Berne Convention, in particular, C1.222, C1.32, C1.33, C3.34, D5.2, E1.2, E2.2, E3.4, F9.1, F3.247, G1.11, G1.21, G1.41, G1.8, G3.4232, G1.A4, G1.A1 for the Emerald Object are presented. The largest areas are occupied by biotops of lowland bogs with sedge and reed thickets without stagnant water (D5.2). There are plain hay fields (E2.2) and wet and moist meadows with a predominance of grasslands (E3.4) and deciduous forests in medium rich and rich soils (G1.A1), fresh and dry forests, and Sarmatian-type forests (G3.4232). The typological diversity of the forest of the territory, the area covered with forest vegetation is 11,585.0 ha, were outlined. Oak (Quercus robur L.) (8,091.5 ha, 69.83%) with a predominance in its plantations of fresh maple-linden oak and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) (2,529.8 ha, 21.84%) with a predominance of fresh oak-pine sedge are the main forest-forming species. Some species have appropriate conservation status in Ukraine (Botrychium lunaria (L.) SW., Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo s.l., Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (Orchis coriophora L.), A. palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase (Orchis palustris Jacq.), and several species are protected at the regional level (Centaurium erythraea Rafn., C. pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, Dianthus stenocalyx Juz., Inula helenium L., Iris pseudacorus L., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Caltha palustris L., Geum rivale L., Parnassia palustris L., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L.)

62-80

Authors: Natalia Trusova, Nataliia Polishchuk, Alina Sakun, Oleksandr Prystеmskyi, Roman Morozov

The article considers the anti-crisis stability of the potential of break-even development and its resource support in agribusiness. The necessity of a synergetic approach to estimating the dynamic flow of resources capable of generating own sources of financing to activate the target parameters of crisis stability of break-even development potential and the development of an alternative scenario of self-financing of the production and financial cycle to stimulate economic growth of agribusiness is proved. The reproductive process of resource support of anti-crisis stability of the potential for safe development of agribusiness enterprises is substantiated. The model of estimation of target parameters of anti-crisis stability of potential of unprofitable development of agrarian business and a matrix of its point estimation at a choice of the alternative scenario of self-financing is presented. Scenarios of the flow of resource support of anti-crisis stability of the potential of unprofitable development of the agribusiness enterprise are developed. An indicator of the level of anti-crisis stability of the break-even development potential according to the determined target parameters of self-financing is offered. The dynamics of anti-crisis factor load on the stability of the potential of break-even development of agribusiness enterprises on average in one region of the Steppe zone of Ukraine by its territorial location is analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to assess the elements of the qualitative system-resource component of anti-crisis stability of the potential of break-even development with the separation of types of agribusiness enterprises in the regions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine with different structure of current assets. The forecast level of resource support according to the quantitative component of anti-crisis stability of the potential of break-even development on average in the regions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine and per one agribusiness enterprise of the region is determined. The forecast range of limits of target parameters of self-financing and their influence on the level of anti-crisis stability of potential of unprofitable development of agribusiness enterprises on the average on one region of the Steppe zone is presented

92-98

Authors: Pavlo Hrynko, Alla Grinko, Tatyana Shtal, Hanna Radchenko, Mariia Pokolodna

The development of Ukrainian trade organizations in ordinary conditions is characterized by a high degree of inertia. Therefore, when situations that need to change arise, business strategies of market participants also change dramatically. Most often, such transformations are connected with external factors, such as the overall economic crisis, a sharp change in the state “rules of the game” in a particular sector of economic relations, as well as another external factor bond to the occurrence of new serious competitors. The development of organizational and economic mechanism to ensure the innovative development of retail trade, requires comprehensive consideration of internal and external factors of the studied system, the formation of strategies and programs to increase the innovation potential of its participants, their active interaction, increasing the use of innovative technologies, generating ideas and transformations. The article considers the issues related to the impact of business globalization processes on the transformation of business models of trade organizations and their operation strategy, as the degree of trade development indicates the standard of living and the state of the economy and society. The authors of the article suggest that retail organizations adapt to the changes in the macro and micro environment, using innovative components in economic and financial activities, which will ensure their competitiveness and prevent crises. The proposed model of an innovative trade organization allows to identify the goals components of innovation activities, which combine the strategic guidelines of the state regulation and help to improve the economic condition of trade organizations

107-116

Authors: Vsevolod Koshevoy, Svitlana Naumenko, Pavlo Skliarov, Serhiy Fedorenko, Lidia Kostyshyn

The basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is the processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially lipids and proteins. By destroying the sperm membrane, toxic peroxidation products reduce its motility and ability to fertilize the egg, which is determined by a decrease in the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. These changes lead to complete or partial male infertility. The authors of the review found that is accompanied by a damaging effect on the structural and functional activity of the gonads and is manifested, in particular, by an imbalance in the hormonal background of the male body. Similar effects are characteristic of an increase in the content of reactive Nitrogen species and its metabolites, which cause nitrosative stress, which is also the cause of male hypofertility and is inseparable from the state of oxidative stress. In scientific work it is determined that the accumulation of harmful peroxidation products leads to damage and destruction of sperm DNA, reduced activity of acrosomal enzymes and mitochondrial potential of sperm, reduced overall antioxidant activity. This makes it impossible for an adequate response of the body. Multi component antioxidant defense system resists stress. It is represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic links, which can neutralize harmful radicals and peroxidation products. It contributes to the full manifestation of reproductive function. The presence of powerful antioxidant properties of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and enzymes of the thiol-disulfide system, which form the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection, as well as selenium, zinc, copper, other trace elements, retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and vitamins as parts of the non-enzymatic system is shown. The efficiency of registration is substantiated thin biochemical shift detectors or complex methods, such as total antioxidant status of sperm or sperm plasma, mitochondrial membrane potential, etc along with simple markers of oxidative stress, such as diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and metabolites of the Nitrogen Oxide cycle. Given the leading role of oxidative stress in the development of male hypofertility, the prospect of further research is the search for modern means for correction, especially among substances with pronounced redox activity