Gardarika

3-12

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

The article is devoted to the analysis of the events that took place after the Battle of Konotop. The retreat of the Moscow army under the command of Prince Alexei Trubetskoy took place under constant fire from the Ukrainian Cossacks and Tatars. The night battle near the village of Kazachya Dubrava was very fierce. Both sides suffered losses, and the Moscow army approached the crossing of the Seim without opposition from the Cossacks and Tatars. After the crossing, the Moscow army withdrew to Putivl, and the Cossack-Tatar army was located near the Chash hillfort. At that time, near Vygorevo hillfort there was a large train with gunpowder and lead. He could not cross the Seim River. A detachment from the Putivl garrison was assigned to protect it. 200 Tatar soldiers, Cossacks and Putivl warriors took part in the battle for this wagon train. The guard of the convoy was able to repulse the attacks and after the army of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky turned south, he was able to reach Putivl. The battle near the Vygorevo hillfort was one of the components of the great battle that took place in the summer of 1659 near Konotop and Putivl.

23-35

Authors: Aleksandr А. Cherkasov

The paper focuses on the outstanding representative of the Cherkasov family from Keret – the Soviet and Russian inventor Pavel Ivanovich Cherkasov (1938−2010). This work is the first attempt to summarize the available information and write the first complete biography of the outstanding inventor. As sources there were used the materials of personal origin, namely, an interview with Pavel Ivanovich, which was given in the mid 1990s and published on the web in 2003, as well as memories of Pavel Ivanovich Cherkasov by his daughter Galina Sokol (maiden name Cherkasova). In methodological terms, the descriptive method is widely used in the work, which allowed us to consider the information presented in fragments to restore the biographical picture of the life of Pavel Ivanovich Cherkasov. Besides this, a retrospective method was applied, thanks to which the author was able to consider the events in their chronological sequence. In conclusion, the author states that Pavel Ivanovich Cherkasov (1938−2010) was a versatile personality – he played musical instruments, drew, sculpted, carved wood, but his main occupation was invention. 30 years of his stay in Kamchatka made him the best inventor of this region, the winner of the state prize of the USSR. His inventions were applied in such areas as shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, woodworking, agriculture, and the forestry industry. The applicants for his patents were not only Soviet organizations, but also organizations from Japan and Germany. This laid the foundation for the high-tech cooperative “Mayak” created by P.I. Cherkasov, which sold 700 licenses for its inventions in 1990−1993.