Russian Journal of Legal Studies

60-68

Authors: Pavel N. Biriukov

The article discusses some aspects of the legal status of audiovisual works (hereinafter AW). Currently, the market for audiovisual media services is rapidly developing in the world thanks to the convergence of television and the Internet. TV content continues to account for the bulk of average watch time. New formats of audiovisual works (talk shows, games, court shows, etc.) are gaining in importance. In addition, suppliers of works from different countries enter the market. This requires updating the legal framework in order to strike a balance between access to online content services, consumer protection, protection of the interests of copyright holders, and competition. For these purposes, the EU adopts a large number of documents, both at the Union level and in the member states. At the same time, audiovisual works are considered from different points of view - copyright and related right, the law on means of individualization, the media, etc.

77-87

Authors: Łukasz Chyla

The prospectus – exempted offering framework plays a crucial role in the process of creating a more issuers-friendly capital markets by minimizing the “barriers to entry” (such as burdensome prospectus obligations and ongoing disclosure thereafter). Thanks to certain prospectus exemptions, SMEs have better opportunities to access critical funds in order to grow and scale. In recognition of the above, the prospectus law in the European Union and the United States has lately been subject to dynamic reforms, aimed at expanding the exempt offerings frameworks. In the EU, a landmark reform, followed by multiple changes on a national level, has been introduced by the Prospectus Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (hereinafter – PR). In the US, for many years now, we have been observing major exempt offerings reforms, such as the “JOBS Act”, the “FAST Act” and the “Economic Growth Act”, followed by the SEC rules. The main objective of this article is to analyze and evaluate, from a comparative perspective, the EU and the US legal frameworks for offers exempted from prospectus obligations – especially in light of the latest reforms. The article is based mostly on scrutinizing sources of law, academic literature, reports and data published by market authorities.

100-111

Authors: Sergey E. Smirnykh

The article deals with the rights of disabled children in changing world order. It is noted that children with disabilities have the right to protection from exploitation, violence and various abuse of their vulnerable position. Trafficking in children with disabilities related to forced begging is one of the criminal acts committed by human traffickers. Child traffickers also force victims to commit sexual exploitation or various street criminal acts. Forced begging by children is a grave violation of children's rights and requires urgent action both by individual States and by the international community as a whole. To protect children from forced child begging and to fulfil their international obligations, states must ensure that international legal instruments on begging, slavery, child labour, trafficking or child protection can be used to punish those who exploit children. Prevention was in some cases the only long-term solution to forced child begging, but efforts to achieve that goal took time and must be combined with other strategies, as children already abused needed more urgent assistance.