Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

: 17-24.

Authors: Dinh Toi Chu, Duong Thi Anh Dao, Le Thi Duyen , Bui Nhat Le, Vu Thi Hue, Vu Tri Quang, Dang Tien Truong, Thang Nguyen Manh

A double nutritional burden (DBM) has increased rapidly in Vietnam. Finding a solution to reduce the rates of overweight & obesity and thinness was necessary, especially at the age of 15-17 years. This study aimed to investigate nutritional status and elucidate the associated factors in children aged 15-17 years in the suburban of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November to December 2019 in Vietnam. Total of 424 students aged 15-17 years (153 boys and 271 girls) from Hong Thai Highschool using a randomized sampling method. The nutritional status of studied subjects was determined based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of sex and age specific BMI cut-off points for children between 5 and 19 years old (2007). Rates of overweight and obesity was 8.96%, thinness was 8.02%, there was a statistically significant difference between boys’ and girls’ group (p=0.02). Correlation between BMI and WC, HC showed that WC or HC could be another indicator to determine the nutritional status of children. Having milk or a light meal before going to bed was also found to decrease the risk of being overweight by 66.4% (OR = 0.336, 95% CI: 0.116 – 0.972). Eating as much as possible increases the risk of overweight and obesity 2.2 times (p=0.017). Moreover, fast food consumption and physical activity time were no significant difference between the obesity & overweight and non-overweight groups. Especially, compared with the walking group, the group with adults taken had the risk of overweight and obesity 14 times higher, the group traveling by motorbike had the risk of overweight and obesity 5.056 times higher (with p=0.018 and p=0.04, respectively). The results suggest that there was the DBM for children in suburban, nutrition status was not similar among boys and girls. Public health programs should therefore be developed or improved in order to promote good eating habits and physical activity, especially how to move to school among children in Vietnam.

09-16.

Authors: Anowar Hossen, Mohammad Arman, Syed Al Jawad Sayem, Mohammad Rifat Alam Maruf, Md. Ahsan Ullah, Mohammad Nazmul Islam, Naureen Banu, Najmul Alam, Shahenur Alam Sakib

The methanol extract of the leaves of Tabernaemontana pauciflora (METP) was screened to investigate the qualitative phytochemical, in vivo anti-depressant, anxiolytic and in vitro thrombolytic activities. The in vivo antidepressant activity of METP was examined by force swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), whereas anxiolytic activity was examined by using hole-board test (HBT) and elevated plus maze test (EPM) on mice model. Additionally, qualitative phytochemical assay was performed to identify some secondary metabolites, namely alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids. The in vitro thrombolytic model was used to evaluate the clot lysis effect of METP. In the antidepressant assay, METP (200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant anti-depression activity (P < 0.001) on FST (45.64% and 58.31%) and TST (38.67% and 63.62%) whereas the notable anxiolytic effect was observed in EPM (67.67% and 56.06%) and HBT (35.53% and 50%) in dose dependent manner which compared with control. In in vitro thrombolytic assessment of METP exposed 22.66% inhibition of clot. The current results proposed that METP might be effective in neuropharmacological and thrombolytic response due to the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids, which required further studies to investigate the mechanism.

35-43

Authors: Md. Khasrul Alam, M Mizanur Rahman, Abu Hena Mostafa Jamal, Md. Rezuanul Islam

Fungal phytopathogens cause serious losses of crop production worldwide, which causes serious losses of crop production. Bacteria play a role as the biocontrol agents for plant disease control. For this reason, the present study was conducted to determine the antagonistic potential of rhizosphere soil bacteria against selected phytopathogenic fungi. The screenings of potential antagonist isolated bacteria were applied by the dual culture technique with fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum melongenae. Molecular characterization was performed through 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Sixteen (16) out of fifty (50) isolated bacteria showed different degrees of antagonism (25-67%) against both fungi F. oxysporum and C. melongenae. Among them, four (4) isolated bacteria (isolates A4, C1, C2, and E2) exhibited strong antagonism (more than 50% mycelial growth inhibition) against both fungi. The 16S rDNA sequences of the isolated bacteria A4, C1, C2 and E2 were 99-100% similar to Providencia sp. TT14, Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus subtilis RKP-2, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IBSDG-11, respectively. Based on the capability for the control of mycelial growth against both fungi, B. subtilis IUBTC2 was selected for optimization of growth characteristics and identification the bioactive metabolites which can enhance plant growth and disease control capacity of plants against the phytopathogenic fungi.

53-59

Authors: Ashika Ruaida, Kazi Muhammad Rezaul Karim

Aspergillus flavus NSH9 is a potential source of α-amylase and glucoamylases. Between two of its glucoamylases, one can digest the raw starch granules, while both being pH and thermostable. The purpose of the study was to enhance the production of amylases (α-amylase and Glucoamylase) from A. flavus NSH9 by random mutagenesis using Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and Ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment. Glucoamylase and α-amylase activity were evaluated by 3, 5-dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) method and starch-iodine method, respectively. Mutated A. flavus NSH9 by EtBr treatment (10µg/ml) in PDA plate produced highest amount of both crude glucoamylases (GA) (1.47 ± 0.087 U/mL/min) and raw starch degrading glucoamylase (RSD-GA) (0.839 ± 0.036 U/mL/Hour). The highest value was 1.6 and 1.5 times higher compared to control for GA and RSD-GA, respectively. Here as, UV induced radiation produced about 1.3 and 1.4 times more GA and RSD-GA compared to control, respectively. The activity of α-amylase was about 1.7 times higher in the treatment group with 5µg/ml EtBr in sublethal condition than without the treatment group. In conclusion, both UV and EtBr treatment increased the amylases production from A. flavus NSH9. As the single mutation process of A. flavus NSH9 enhanced all three enzymes, the strains could be used for the commercial production of amylase.

67-73.

Authors: Anti Islam, Chanchal Mandal, Ahsan Habib

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are among the most widely used nanoparticles that show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Green synthesis of Ag-NPs from plant extract is the most popular method in vitro. In this study, Ag-NPs were biologically synthesized from the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and the antimicrobial activity was observed. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of antimicrobial activity of biologically synthesized Ag-NPs and crude plant extract was performed. Initially, 11 pathogenic bacterial strains were used to evaluate the antibacterial potentiality of crude leaf sample. However, the result showed that the crude leaf extract exerted maximum potential against Proteus vulgaris. Additionally, the application of biologically synthesized Ag-NPs was assessed against the same pathogenic strains and observed enhanced antibacterial activities with larger inhibited zones. Thus, our results suggest that the biological synthesis of Ag-NPs significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera leaf extract against selected pathogenic bacterial strains. M. oleifera could be a potential source of Ag-NPs for successful use as an antibacterial agent in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.