Rybohospodars'ka nauka Ukrayiny (Fisheries Science of Ukraine)

19-32

Authors: Т. Hryhorenko, S. Mushyt, А. Bazaieva

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of the formation of hydrochemical, hydrobiological regimes and to determine the fish productivity of nursery ponds under a complex exposure to their ecosystem. Methodology. The work was conducted according to generally accepted hydrochemical, hydrobiological and aquaculture methods. Findings. The article presents the results of the study on the productivity of nursery ponds when using a complex of intensification measures (fertilization with traditional fertilizers, application of chlorella paste, polyculture, and fish feeding). It was found that the main hydrochemical parameters during the rearing of cyprinid fingerlings were within the standard normal values ​​and were favorable for the development of prey organisms and the cultivation of fish seeds. Positive trends were obtained after the use of chlorella paste when growing juveniles of cyprinids in polyculture with different ratios of common carp and Chinese carps. The use of the chlorella paste in combination with other intensification measures in the experimental ponds created favorable conditions for the development of natural food supplies, growth and survival of cyprinid fingerlings. At the same time, the total fish productivity in the experimental ponds was 22.0-28.0% higher, and the feed costs were 1.1-1.3 times lower than in the control ponds. Originality. The peculiarities of the formation of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes have been investigated and the fish productivity of nursery ponds has been determined using cattle humus and chlorella pasta when growing young-of-the-year carp in polyculture with silver and bighead carp hybrids. Practical value. The obtained data can be used for developing practical recommendations regarding the optimization of the conditions for growing cyprinid seeds in polyculture using the chlorella pasta, increasing the efficiency of managing the state of aquatic ecosystems and their biological productivity.

47-56

Authors: U. Kuts’, I. Hrytsyniak, H. Kurinenko, Y. Tuchapsky

Purpose. Analyze the results of rearing and provide a comprehensive assessment of the productive indicators of male Amur carp of various genesis. Methodology. The cultivation was carried out in the pond conditions of the Lviv Experimental Station of the Institute of Fisheries of the UAAS. The material for the research was 8- and 9-year-old Amur carp males obtained by the factory method from local females, whose eggs were fertilized with the sperm of local males (local) and defrost sperm of Far Eastern males from the Amur River (cryo). The stocking density of carp breeders in summer was 96-105 ind./ha in winter - 1.0 thousand ind./ha. The maintenance of the producers and the spawning were carried out according to generally accepted instructions. The material was statistically processed in Microsoft Office Excel (2016). The analysis of values is carried out in the system of absolute values. The criteria for analyzing the indicators were their mean value and mean deviation (M ± m), the indicator of variability (Cv). The fish were fed with the specialized food of the firm "Aller Aqua" and sprouted wheat. Findings. According to the selection and breeding work on the formation of the Amur carp broodstock, it was revealed that the producers raised from the obtained defrosted sperm were characterized by a moderate growth rate and exceeded in terms of the main exterior characteristics of males of the same age of local origin. The average body mass of cryomales aged 8-9 years was 2416.5±295.59 and 2698.0±284.05 g, respectively. In males of local origin of the same age: 2015.0±244.53 and 2277.5±373.09 g, respectively. For the rest of the exterior indicators, the advantage of males obtained using cryotechnology was also recorded. Originality. A comparative analysis of productive parameters of sexually mature males of Amur wild carp of different geneses was performed for the first time in Ukraine Practical value. The results of this work will make it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the complex of productive indicators of sexually mature males of the Amur carp obtained from defrosted and native sperm and to substantiate the expediency of using them in breeding work in order to obtain industrial hybrids.

69-79

Authors: A. Puhovkin, K. Mikson

Purpose. Determination of permeability parameters of Prussian carp (Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758) spermatozoa membranes for water and cryoprotectants molecules as an important stage in the development of a protocol for their cryopreservation by vitrification. Methodology. Osmotic response of Prussian carp spermatozoa was studied using photoelectric colorimeter KF-77 (Poland) equipped with a magnetic mixer and thermostated cuvette compartment according to our technique. To determine the permeability of plasma membranes of fish spermatozoa to cryoprotectant molecules, they were incubated in the solutions of ethyleneglycol (EG), 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD), methanol (Met) of different concentrations, or a mixture of these cryoprotectants prepared with isotonic 0.12 M NaCl aqueous solution. Permeability coefficients of spermatozoa plasma membranes for either water (Lp) or cryoprotectant (Кp) molecules were determined by fitting the experimental dependences of relative cell volumes on time and solving theoretical model equations. The activation energy (Еа) of substance transfer through cell membranes was calculated from lnLp(1/T) or lnKp(1/T), the slope of which was equal Еа/R according to the Arrhenius equation, where R was the universal gas constant. Findings. It was found that the permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa membranes to water molecules at 20°С was 3,53±0,18  10-14 m3/Ns, and a decrease in membrane permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa within the range of 30–18°C was characterized by the activation energy of 48±4 kJ/mol. A decrease in membrane permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa for cryopotectants within the range of 30–18°C was characterized by the activation energy of 82±5 kJ/mol for ethyleneglycole, 99±7 for 1,2-propanediol and 84±6 for the mixture. This fact indicates that the molecules of the studied substances penetrate into the spermatozoon via passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer. The data obtained can be used to determine the optimal regime of spermatozoa cryopreservation for cyprinids. Originality. For the first time, the coefficients of the membranes permeability of Prussian carp spermatozoa to water molecules and cryoprotectants (ethyleneglycol, methanol, 1,2-propanediol) and the activation energy of the these molecules transfer through the membranes were determined. Practical value. The results of the study are used in the development of media and regimes of cryopreservation of freshwater fish spermatozoa.

92-108

Authors: A. Koziy

Purpose. To analyze the peculiarities of post-stress adaptive changes in the digestive system of sterlet at the micro level in conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system. To investigate the dynamics of changes in the cellular composition of the liver, small intestine and pancreas during the adaptation period. To determine the prospect of using the data of histological monitoring in fish breeding practice in order to assess the morphological and functional status of fish. Methodology. Primary materials were obtained in the conditions of an experimental private enterprise "Oasis Bisan". Cameral processing of ichthyological samples was carried out in accordance with generally recognized methods and guidelines. Histological studies were carried out using in-house equipment and original techniques specially designed for the diagnosis of fish tissue. The obtained results were processed by the methods of variation statistics using MS Excel with an emphasis on standard errors. Findings. Microanatomical studies showed that the adaptation of sterlet to the conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system after transportation was 12 days. According to the monitoring results, the most contrasting adaptive changes to new conditions of captivity were noted in the marginal zone of the liver, the small intestine and the pancreas. Under the potential effect of a stress factor, a shift in cell function was noted in the form of shifts in cytological characteristics in the liver. An increase in the linear dimensions of hepatocytes by 1.54 times adequately leads to an increase in the values of the parameters of nuclei by 1.44 times. This is an indicator of a change in the character of intracellular metabolism. Low values of the number of intracellular cavities at the beginning of adaptation are a direct evidence of attenuation of the lipostatic function of hepatocytes. Low values of the “nucleolus/nucleus” diameter ratio (0.40 and 0.41) indicate a change in cellular function in the form of increased glycogen synthesis. During the period of action of the stress factor, the absorption of the components of the chyme in the small intestine occurs with less intensity. Local accumulation of absorbed particles in the cytoplasm indicates a slowdown in digestive processes. After 8 days, under adequate conditions of feeding and maintenance in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, the appearance of goblet glandulocytes can be observed. This fact indicates the normalization of intestinal functioning. The initial period of adaptation practically coincides with the peak of the maximum stress state. At this moment, attenuation of the secretory activity of the pancreas was observed. A significant decrease in the intensity of zymogen biosynthesis leads to the predominance of acinocytes in the volume of the homogeneous pole over the zymogen pole. In the process of adaptation of fish to new conditions of feeding and keeping, acinocytes acquire a specific form. Proteinases and lipases at the end of the secretory cycle of cells exist mainly in an active form and are detected by light-optical methods in the form of a mass of zymogenic granules. Originality. The paper presents new and significantly updated existing data on the adaptation of sterlet organs and tissues under stress and post-stress adaptation. For the first time, a comparative histological analysis of the structure of the marginal zone of the liver, small intestine and pancreas of age-1+ sterlet individuals was carried out. The information on the taxonomic peculiarities of adaptive changes in the tissue components of the digestive system organs in conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system has been clarified and supplemented. Practical value. The information obtained is valuable in morphophysiological studies, as well as in fish-breeding practice in connection with the existing modern problem of lowering the vital status of sturgeon broodstock in waters of various origins and purposes. The use of the obtained data makes it possible to qualitatively select fish in order to achieve normal reproductive potential under conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system.

125-152

Authors: Ir. Hrytsynyak, T. Shvets

Purpose. Forming a thematic bibliographic list of publications on the use of field and laboratory methods for studying the biological and ecological characteristics of fish, the effect of individual indicators on their fishery, methods for assessing the status of ichthyofauna. Methods. The complete and selective methods were applied in the process of the systematic search. The bibliographic core have been formed with the publications exclusively in Ukrainian and Russian from the fund of scientific library of the Institute of Fisheries NAAS of Ukraine. Results. There was composed the thematic list of publications with a total quantity of 211 sources covering the time interval from 1946 to 2017, and containing a description of methods for collecting and processing ichthyological material to determine biological, morphometric, and ecological indicators of fish, to study the dynamics of their populations and to predict their catch. The literary sources are arranged in alphabetical order by author or title, and described according to DSTU 8302:2015 “Information and documentation. Bibliographic reference. General principles and rules of composition”, with the amendments (code UKND 01.140.40), as well as in accordance with the requirements of APA style — international standard of references. Practical value. The list may be useful for scientists, practitioners, students, whose area of ​​interests includes ichthyology, pisciculture, fisheries and hydroecology.