Moldovan Medical Journal

12-17

Authors: Veronica Sardari, Valeriana Pantea, Aurelian Gulea, Olga Tagadiuc, Lilia Andronache, Inna Svet, Victor Tapcov, Valentin Gudumac

Background: Thiol-disulfide metabolism is essential for normal function of the organism. Thus the interest of the scientists in this area of research continues to grow. Material and methods: Copper coordination compounds (CCC), derivatives of thiosemicarbaside (CMD-4, CMJ-33, CMT-67), action on thiol-disulfide metabolism in the healthy Ratta albicans kidneys were studied. The animals were divided in 6 groups of 7 rats each. The control group included healthy rats which were injected i/m physiological solution 3 times a week, for 30 days. The rats from groups 2-6 have got 3 times a week, for 30 days, i/m injections of CCC. The activity of following thiol-disulfide metabolism enzymes in the renal supernatant has been measured: glutathion-reductase (GR), glutathion-peroxidase (GPO), glutathion-S-transferase (G-S-T), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), glutaredoxin (Grx), as well the amount of the protein SH-groups and of the total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in renal tissue. Results: The compounds exhibit different actions: CMT-67 in the dose of 0.1 µM/kg influenced the activity of the glutathione metabolism enzymes – activated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) and glutaredoxine (Grx) and inhibited glutathione reductase (GR), while CMD-4 in doses of 0.1 µM/kg and 1.0 µM/kg and CMJ-33 in the dose of 1.0 µM/kg significantly diminished the reduced glutathione (GSH) level and increased the amount of the oxidised one (GSSG). Conclusions: Selective action of the copper coordination copounds established by this study opens new possibilities of their usage in the therapy of kidney diseases.

25-30

Authors: Alina Alsatou, Vergil Petrovici, Natalia Corolcova

Background: The umbilical cord forms connecting link between the fetus and placenta through which the fetal blood flows to and from the placenta. Wharton’s jelly is a specialized tissue which acts as supportive and protective structure substituting for the adventitia of the umbilical vessels. The aim of the study was to reveal the clinical and morphological features of the lean umbilical cord for improving its outcomes. Material and methods: The study included 190 patients divided into 2 groups: L1 – 95 patients with UC abnormalities and L0 – 95 with normal UC. Umbilical cord assessment was based on macro- and microscopic examinations. An entire umbilical cord was available from all patients and examined for diameter. Three full thickness sections of the UC were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s, Alcian blue for histological examination. Results: A study of the association between the absence of Wharton’s jelly and an unfavorable pregnancy outcome was undertaken. The lean umbilical cord results in reduced fetoplacental circulation, thus resulting in intrauterine growth restriction (p<0.0001), fetal distress and hypoxia, which require the neonatal intensive care (p<0.0001). Morphological examination of the umbilical cord revealed changes in Wharton’s hard and fibrous jelly. Conclusions: This study shows the importance of the knowledge of cord diameter. Clinico-morphological examination of the umbilical cord, including the study of the lean forms is of great importance in the diagnosis of the causes of adverse perinatal outcomes of fetuses and newborns in the obstetrical practice. Therefore, our study confirms that all umbilical cords should be submitted for complete examination.

34-39

Authors: Mariana Turcan, Mihail Maniuc

Background: Inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses, due to its high incidence in the nosological structure of morbidity, is a constant problem of modern otorhinolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of modern investigative methods for establishing the diagnosis in children with inflammatory rhinosinusitis. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 55 children, aged 4 to 18 years, diagnosed with inflammatory rhinosinusitis, hospitalized during the 2017-2020 years within ENT Department of Emilian Cotaga Republican Clinical Hospital for Children, Chisinau. The retrospective analysis of the data, retrieved from the clinical observation sheets and their attached documents, as well as from inpatient surgical protocols, during the years 2017-2020, was carried out. Results: The applied diagnostic methods were as following: optical endoscopy, rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, mucociliary clearance, computed tomography. Conclusions: The study revealed that computed tomography and optical endoscopy provide an accurate mapping of rhinosinusal structures. Nowadays, inflammatory rhinosinusitis is definitely diagnosed by highly accurate methods, namely the optical endoscopy and computed tomography that are “the gold standard”. The functional tests such as rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry are used to assess permeability and endonasal geometry, as well as evaluation of respiratory function in children with rhinosinusitis. The mucociliary nasal clearance plays a major role in modern diagnostic algorithm, being an essential index in assessing the functional status of the nasal mucosa and performing the protective function.

44-48

Authors: Oleksandr Slobodian, Volodymyr Guzak

Background: The value of the study is finding typical and variant anatomy of the palmar arteries during fetal and early neonatal periods of ontogenesis, which is important while performing amputations, osteosynthesis, resection of bones followed by further prosthetics, as well as during catheterization of the arterial branches in order to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic substances in fetuses, neonates and infants. Material and methods: The study was performed on 51 specimens of dead fetuses (from 4 to 10 months) and 10 neonates of both sexes died due to the causes not related to diseases of the muscular-skeletal system and without external signs of anatomical defects, without visual macroscopic deviations or anomalies from the normal structure of the upper limbs. Results: During the perinatal period of ontogenesis the typical anatomy of the palmar arteries (formation of the superficial palm arch) is found in 62% of cases, the variant one – in 38%. The variant structure of the palmar artery during the perinatal period of ontogenesis is divided into closed and openended (continuous superficial palmar arch is absent) arteries. In their turn, closed palmar arteries include anastomosis formation in the form of an arch and without arch formation. In case of open-ended arteries the palm is supplied with blood through the branches from two or three arteries. The older the fetus is, the greater percentage ratio of the typical structure of the palmar artery becomes (9% of cases more) in comparison with other forms. Moreover, the open-ended artery system increases when the palmar surface is supplied with blood from the three arteries (28% of observations more) in comparison with those cases when the palmar surface is supplied through the two arteries. During the perinatal period of ontogenesis the amount of the variant arterial structure is more found on the left palm (25%) compared to the right one (17.5%). Conclusions: Detection of the typical and variant anatomy of the palmar arteries is a morphological precondition to introduce new methods of performing radical and reconstructive-restorative surgeries on the hand.

54-56

Authors: Ana Otgon, Leonid Lisii

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the elderly, being recognized worldwide as the most common cause of dementia. However, the harm generated by this disease to women and men is disproportionate, in women the disease is recorded twice as much. Numerous research studies have tried to find an answer regarding the causes of this disproportionality. So far, some fundamental differences between macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical structures of female vs. male brain have been investigated. First of all, emphasis was placed on macroscopic structural differences. In this study, a particular role was attributed to APOE4 gene which was shown to be an increased risk factor of AD in women who possess this allele. Hormonal changes in women, such as decreased postmenopausal estrogen, greatly influence disease incidence and prevalence. All these factors tell about the increased susceptibility of women to this disease. However, the definite mechanisms of this disease are incompletely elucidated and further studies are needed. Conclusions: The identification of pathobiochemical mechanisms based on gender, that influence the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is essential. Thus, it could be a target in the development of effective preventive therapeutic strategies from the prodromal phase of the disease. In this context, the development of personalized treatment according to gender specifics should be considered in future.

63-65

Authors: Elena Portnoi

Background: Folliculo-stellate cells were first identified with electron microscopy as a non-hormone secreting accessory cells, star-shaped and follicleforming cells. They represent about 4-20% of pituitary cells from the anterior pituitary lobe. The folliculo-stellate cells control several anterior pituitary activities. However, they do not produce hormones, but they produce growth factors, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), IL-6, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), IL-1β and TNF-α. Regardless of a long period of pituitary research and many morphological, cytophysiological studies, it has been reported that a precise understanding of the major functions of folliculo-stellate in the pituitary gland remains unknown. Consequently, there are still many unsolved issues. Conclusions: This article intends to review the characteristics of folliculo-stellate cells and their uncertain functions in the adenohypophysis, such as their importance as stem cells, in the process of maturation and aging. New researches about the origin and differentiation of folliculo-stellate cells may provide many relevant answers about physiopathology of the pituitary gland and the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors, as well as their influence on the quality of life. Immunohistochemical profile studies of folliculo-stellate cells in pituitary gland, can be useful in elucidation of morphological features and may have a predictive role for the early identification of pituitary microadenomas, prognosis of pituitary tumors and treatment.