Junior Scientific Researcher

1-2

Authors: Juraj Mišún

REVIEW OF A SCIENTIFIC MONOGRAPH. Strategies and business models of startups

17-31

Authors: Nithil Kennedy

Neuronal cell death in subpopulations of brains affected by Huntington’s disease has been theorised to be due to cell cytotoxicity. The cause of this cytotoxicity, however, is not yet known. One mutant allele of the Huntingtin gene is sufficient to cause the disorder through the synthesis of the Huntingtin protein. Despite the ubiquitous expression of the HTT gene, expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in HTT leads to progressive cell death in affected brains, predominantly in the basal ganglia. The polyQ of the protein expressed when this mutant gene is translated has shown to increase the chance of protein aggregates forming. In the Centre for Genomic Regulation, the transformation and study of S.cerevisiae cells have demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of polyQ repeats and the number of protein aggregates that develop within cells. This was evident in the Western Blot and confocal microscopic images. An extra protein band in the Western Blot indicated protein aggregation in the well with the highest number of CAG repeats, implying that with more repeats, the higher the propensity for aggregation. The growth observed in these cells was slower, indicating the inextricable link between aggregation and cytotoxicity within cells. The detrimental effect of protein aggregation is known, therefore the methods that will be proposed will consist of preventing or reducing protein aggregation within cells. HTT is a functional protein, essential to brain development and neuronal survival and thus, by targeting only the aggregates, the functionality of the protein is not affected. Harnessing the essential role of molecular chaperones in promoting the refolding of proteins within cells will form the main body in discussing a therapeutic approach to Huntington’s disease; by studying the aggregation propensity in different concentrations of a molecular chaperone, the effectiveness of the molecule can be investigated. Following the results, a discussion on how effectively this method combats aggregation will follow. This discussion depends on the cytotoxicity that remains in the cells studied.

38-54

Authors: Nirmadarningsih Hiya; Isfenti Sadalia; Khaira Amalia Fachruddin

The aims of this study are to examine the effect of return on equity (ROE), current ratios (CR), tangibility, non-debt tax shields (NDTS) and growth opportunities (GO) on the debt to equity ratio of the Indonesian Stock Exchange Manufacturing Sector. This study uses data analysis techniques with multiple linear regression models using a panel data analysis mechanism. The object of this research is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange with a span of observational studies is from 2008 - 2012. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. In testing multiple regression models using panel data analysis used a statistical software tool namely E-views series 4. Panel data testing was carried out in 3 tests, namely Pooled Least Squared (PLS) Test, Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and Random Effect Model (REM) The results of the sample selection are based on 88 companies from the total of 125 companies. Every data from this research is collected from the sources of the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD). Multiple regression testing begins with testing the estimation of Pooled Least Square (PLS) and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the results of the Chow-Test test stated that FEM is better than PLS. Also, Random Effect Model (REM) testing and Hausman showed that REM is a better model in analyzing this research data, so that this study is no longer testing classical assumptions. Based on the results of the tests conducted, the results show that the research model formed from the independent variable return on equity (ROE), current ratio (CR), tangibility, non-debt tax shields (NDTS) and growth opportunities (GO) affected the debt to equity ratio (DER) in the manufacturing sector of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2008 to 2012. Also, partially variable which has a significant effect and in accordance with the theory is only the ROE variable where the variable has a negative effect.