International Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

9-15

Authors: Mastura Johar, Tan Chin Hung, Haizan Mohd Taha, Amira Raihana Adnan, Muhamad Safwan Ishak, Alicia Philip and Mohd Nahar Azmi

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-weeks of long slow distance (LSD) exercise with interval training for the treatment of health related physical fitness components such as cardiovascular endurance, body fat composition, flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance and total fitness score among overweight adults with non-communicable disease. The intervention exercise program is a combination of long slow distance activity with interval training alternating of low and medium intensity involving a physical conditioning training with medium volume and low resistant. The study population consisted of twenty-three overweight subjects with 25 to 55 years of age and have a non-communicable disease. Subjects were assigned to a 12-weeks of intervention treatment for 60 min per once, three times in a week with total of 36 sessions. A pretest-posttest research design was used. Statistical analyses include descriptive analysis and paired t-test to determine within group mean differences. Results of the study subjectof treatment group experienced a positive improvement in all the six variables after treatment. Results indicate a significant improvement in body composition between pre-test (M = 33.8) and post-test (M = 30.30). There was a statistical significant increases in cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength and flexibility. Further to that, fitness score received a significant improvement during pre-test (M = .61.13) to post-test (M = 65.96). Therefore, it is concluded that the intervention of long slow distance exercise with interval training program; had improved all the five health-related physical fitness components and overall fitness score. It was also contributed to a positive findings among overweight adults with the non-communicable disease in Malaysia.

21-27

Authors: Inass Taha, Intessar Sultan, Abdullah Al-Harby, Randa Alharizi and Lama Ghandoura

Many type 1 diabetes patients (T1DM) choose to fast during Ramadan despite having an increased risk according to guidelines. Their fasting perception and practice need to be explored. The objective of this study is to examine the fasting perception and practice among T1DM patients in relation to their risk categories, metabolic conditions and in the view of practical guidelines. This cross sectional study included 113 adolescent and young Saudis with T1DM on basal bolus regimen from the diabetic center in Madinah. Data on fasting perception and practice were collected from patients 2 weeks after the end of Ramadan 2017 together with reviewing medical records. Risk categorization was performed according to Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) 2016. The very high risk group included 78.8%. Fasting was safe by 85.5%, obligatory by 67.8%, exempted by 2.5%, and not indicated for pregnant by 6.8%.Compensation for non-fasting days was obligatory by 81.4% with 16.8% used to fast extra days outside Ramadan. Among the 113 patients, 86.7% experienced fasting (70.8% full fasters) with no significant difference in risk categories. Some patients followed the recommendations during fasting (proper meals in 26.5% at sunset , 73.5% at pre-dawn, 72.4% decreased activity, 60.1% increased fluid intake, 75.5% had inverted sleep pattern, 37.8% decreased insulin doses, 75.5% performed regular SMBG and 5.1% had professional supervision). Severe complications were 5.1% DKA and 1% severe hypoglycemia. Significant predictors for non-fasting were adolescence (p=0.036), recurrent hypoglycemia (p=0.013), harm perception (p=0.006), non-compensation (p=0.000) and comorbidities (p=0.039). In conclusion, most T1DM patients chose to fast during Ramadan without adequate support or following strict guidelines. Most of them do not experience any adversities and if they break fasting (mostly due to hypoglycemia), they are able to compensate later. Adolescent patients with harm perception, recurrent hypoglycemia, and no tendency to compensate for non-fasting showed less positive attitude towards fasting. More specific guidelines, education, and professional supervision are needed for these patients during Ramadan.