ACTIO: Docência em Ciências

16

Authors: BARBOSA, F. T.; AIRES, J. A.

The Nature of Science (NdC) is understood as one of the most fundamental aspects regarding the construction, establishment and organization of scientific knowledge. It refers, in a general way, to the epistemology and sociology of Science, to the values and beliefs inherent in scientific knowledge and its development. In this article, we emphasize the fact that teacher formation could focus on the importance of NdC's understanding of science teaching, as well as the skills needed to develop such an approach. We believe that in order to highlight the pedagogical content related to NdC, teachers need opportunities for reflection and discussion on NdC issues and practical guidance for NdC teaching as well. Thus, the objective of this article is to discuss the possibilities of including reflections on the NdC in teacher formation courses, seeking to present possible ways of such integration. We briefly present the European project History and Philosophy in Science Teaching (HIPST), a case of success in using such an approach. By introducing epistemological reflections into the initial and continuing formation of teachers, one wishes to break with a largely hegemonic science thought, the basis of which can be found in positivist philosophies, which dogma consists in the transmission of definitive and neutral scientific truths. We believe that the act of reflecting on one's own practice is the moment when the teacher thinks about himself as an educator, and thus constructs a critical view of his practice, transforming it.

17

Authors: FARY, B. A.; OLIVEIRA, M. A.

The present work analyzes, with the virtual ethnography, a chemistry class in the television series Breaking Bad (2008). The analysis focus to discuss how chemistry can be thought by a cultural viewpoint, conceiving science, chemistry, as a result of human relations and not as an immutable, essentialized knowledge. In this sense, the idea is to create a form of spook with act of chemistry teaching portrayed in the first episode of the television show, which starts a class with "what is chemistry" and to carry out unfoldings of this episode for a teaching that celebrate students experimenters and creators of their own Educational practices. The results of our virtual ethnography have shown us that the belief in a universal essence, and also the possibility that words offer, so that we can enunciate the truth of some essence, of "chemistry", transform the language we use into a species of metaphysics - atom, energy, electron -, forming the basis of the fabrication of scientific knowledge. The way the chemistry class is conducted in this cut of the episode lends itself to a stratified chemistry that does not seem to be vascularized in the collective, in the desires of the students; however, the silence of the learners can be a form of resistance.

18

Authors: BALDAQUIM, M. J.; PROENÇA, A. M.; SANTOS, M. C. G. FIGUEIREDO, M. C.; SILVEIRA, M. P.

There is an extensive body of literature that points out the reasons for students' difficulties in assimilating concepts, the presentation of concepts makes them abstract and unrelated to reality which can cause disinterest in learning. Thus, this research has as objective the application of strategies that are able to overcome this disinterest. Stimulating the students to become involved with the activity and creating hypotheses and questions about the studied phenomena. For that, we use the investigative practice and the activity was carried out in a first-year high school class based on the methodology proposed by Delizoicov, Angotti, and Pernambuco (2002), called "three pedagogical moments", the three steps are problematization, the organization of knowledge and application of knowledge. With the "three pedagogical moments", It is possible to verify the difficulties of the students in the first moment and to stimulate them to evolve in the second and third moment, proving the importance of this approach in the teaching of chemistry. It is important to emphasize that the teacher should be encouraged and prepared so that the actions are effective in the process of teaching and learning.

19

Authors: VOGT, C. F. G.; CECATTO, A. J.; CUNHA, M. B.

Photography is a non-verbal language that contributes to the exposition of theoretical research, artistic-cultural manifestations and as an effective adjunct in numerous scientific-technological discoveries. In regular science teaching, especially in experiments, photography can be used as an effective means for observation and also for the recording of phenomena. This research aims to analyze images (photographs) and texts present in the experimental activities of Chemistry textbooks, approved by the National Program of Textbooks (PNLD) 2015. In particular, we want to investigate the way in which the photographs are presented and the validity of their use for the experimentation in Chemistry, when these are accompanying the texts referring to the conduction of the experiments. After selecting all the experiments present in all volumes of the four PNLD collections, we then proceeded to the analysis of texts and images, considering the definition of categories of analysis. These data were quantified and tabulated, for the analysis according to the categories. The results indicate that the authors do not prioritize the use of photography as a means of observing phenomena and analyzing stages of an experiment. We observed that photography is used only to illustrate a stage of the experiment, not being part of the more elaborate process of teaching and learning. In this way, we point out the need of textbook authors to consider scientific photography as a pedagogical resource, since they can contribute to the understanding of scientific knowledge.

19

Authors: SANTOS, M. C. G.; BALDAQUIM, M. J.; VIDA LEAL, L. P.

The objective of this work was to verify and categorize the experimental activities contained in the sections of the contents of cells and batteries in four chemistry text books. The content analysis of Bardin (2011) was used for a better elucidation of the data. In three books were found experiments on cells and batteries in an illustrative/descriptive vision and in the fourth book was found a form of analysis of the composition of a cell, being classified as investigative experimentation. With this, we can notice that most of the chemistry text books has expermentations about battery and battery cells in an empirical-inductive way, with only one book bringing a kind of investigative approach.

21

Authors: LIMA, V. S. A.; KOCHHANN, M. E. R.

This work presents a research developed in Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática - PPGEM from Mato Grosso University – UNEMAT, Deputado Renê Barbour Campus, located in Barra do Bugres-MT municipality. The purpose of the research was to investigate the process of teacher identity formation, which emerged from the production of Formation Memorials of Mathematics Graduates from UNEMAT, Deputado Renê Barbour Campus, Barra do Bugres - MT ; developed during Supervised Curriculum I and II, developed in 2016/02 and 2017/01 periods. The methodology used was based on the qualitative approach, with an interpretive nature, adopting the (auto) biographical method, with emphasis on the narratives of life histories, having as an instrument of data production the Training Memorials produced by the graduates. This work was based on the theoretical contributions of authors who discuss themes related to teacher education, identity and memorial, such as Marcelo Garcia (1999), Larrosa (2002, 2004), Pimenta (1999, 2005), Fiorentini, Jaramillo (2003), Fiorentini e Castro (2003), Hall (2006), Silva, Woodward and Hall (2004), Nóvoa (1992, 2009, 2010), Nóvoa and Finger (2014), Passegi (2006, 2008), among others. The results of the analysis evidenced several elements in contact, influencing the constitution of the teaching identity of the researched licensees. Among them, we can highlight some, such as: family, friends, school, social contexts, teachers, university; the speeches produced by the graduates; marks (positive or negative) of training left by teachers etc. We conclude that the Memorial might be a valuable tool in the process of initial formation of graduates, and may contribute to the formation of reflexive subjects that understand their own process of forming teachers.

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Authors: COSTA, F. R. S; CAMARGO, S.; SILVA, C. S.

The present article is part of a dissertation which objective was to investigate what possible contributions are perceived by the future Chemistry Professors about a study directed with different didactic materials within the scope of the Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID). The research was carried out in 2014, where the activities carried out by the scholarship holders in the internal meetings and activities in the schools partnered with the project were monitored, using a variety of materials with didactic potential for Teaching Chemistry. The research was characterized as qualitative and its data collection involved the transcription of the audios of the interviews with eight subjects of the group. The informations were analyzed based on the Content Analysis Methodology, making it possible to identify contributions in the formative process of the future teachers, based on the use of different didactic materials. The results pointed to the mobilization of knowledge, which includes knowing how to prepare and direct activities insofar as the knowledge of the diversity of resources and theoretical basis corroborates the insertion of materials into teaching practices. Another knowledge evidenced in the research is the know how to select the teaching materials, where the teacher needs to be aware of the criteria and recommendations to insert the materials into a planning consistent with the teaching objectives.