International Journal of Graduate Research and Review

3-10

Authors: Shakya Aaisha, Acharya Aastha, Timalsina Aashish, Khanal Amit and Jeena Amatya

With the advent use of electronic appliances, the number of computer keyboards and computer mice in use in daily life are increasing. The hands of users are believed to be the main vector for transfer of pathogens in this devices. Disinfectants which are easily accessible and that which have fewer side effects are found to lower the microbial load to some extent. This work systematically investigated the occurrence of a variety of microorganisms on keyboard and mouse. We hypothesized that a variety of bacteria would be isolated from the items and that the various disinfectants such as ethanol and phenolic compounds (Lysol) should eliminate the microorganisms. Similarly, in this study, we investigated the number and nature of contaminating microorganisms on the keyboards and mouse of different locations. Disinfectant-tests to the isolated and identified organisms were done via the phenol coefficient tests where the disinfectants to be used were diluted before. Afore implementing these disinfectants, the microbial load was tallied with the McFarland’s broth with the help of colorimeter. Among the six swab samples of keyboards from various locations, the library keyboard had the largest count followed by Classroom2, Classroom 1, Classroom 3, Computer #12 and House. Library mouse, on average, held the largest count followed by Classroom 2, Classroom 3, Computer #12, Classroom 1 and House. The comparative efficacies of the disinfectants were obtained by the two-way ANOVA test. With the calculation from phenol coefficient test, phenol was found to be the most effective

19-25

Authors: Ram Das Chaudhary, Padam Prasad Poudel, Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Santosh Raj Tripathi, Govinda KC, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Rajana Rawal, Yagya KC and Indrapal Singh

Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj (RARS/N) has its four major outreach sites in Satbariya Village Development Committee (VDC) of Dang, Betahani VDC of Banke, Mahammadpur VDC of Bardiya and Patharaiya VDC of Kailali district to test and validate various cost effective, client oriented, socially and environmental friendly improved technologies in order to address the farmers problem. These sites are representing various agro domain conditions of rain fed, different types of land. The PVS trial sets of different crops were conducted in RCBD design consisting new promising varieties including local adopted variety. All the varieties were planted in 3 farmers' field in each location. Individual farmers were considered as single replication. Major phenological parameters and yield were recorded. Agronomic management practices were done according to recommendation practices for particular crop. With the experiments result, IR-83377-B-B-47-2 and IR-83388-B-B-108-3 were selected from rainfed early rice trial. Likewise, genotypes, IR 81826-13-B-57 and IR 78875-207-B-B-B performed well in normal irrigated environment of all OR sites. Similarly, medium season rice genotypes IR-83377-B-B-93-3 and C 3419-10-1-2 performed well in rainfedat all sites. Equally, rainfed medium season rice genotypes IR-83377-B-B-93-3 and C 3419-10-1-2 were early and produced more grain yield in all OR site. Also, Genotypes IR-87761-1-39-1-1-1, IR-87754-42-2-2-4 and Sukkha Dhan-1 performed well in drought condition. Likewise, potato genotypes PRP266265.15, PRP266264.1 and PRP266265.1 produced higher tuber yield in all tested environments. Correspondingly, turmeric genotypes CI 507 and Kapurkot Haledo-1 produced more rhizomes in farmer’s management.