INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

7-16

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N

A ruby (aluminium oxide with chromium, Al2O3:Cr) is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum(aluminium oxide). The red color is caused mainly by the presence of the element chromium. Rubies are one of the oldest traditional healing stones. Cosmetics created by a jewelry manufacturer contains real diamonds, pearl powder and real ruby powder. It sparkles like jewelry and makes our skin look beautiful. This review attempts to guide the reader between the various micro and nanocrystalline ruby skin care products and their applications, with a particular focus on Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick. Paper also deals with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images and FTIR spectra of Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick. This research, along with better regulation and reporting, will enable consumers to choose products with confidence. This in turn will allow companies to benefit from these novel technologies in the long term while retaining customer confidence. Morphological graphs of the Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick samples are provided by scanning electron microscopy (Digital Scanning Electron Microscope - JSM 6100 - JEOL) with a Link analytical system operating at 15 KV (acceleration voltage) and transmission electron microscope (Transmission Electron Microscope, Hitachi H-7500, 120 kV) Scanning Electron Microscope images of Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick shows that the material mainly consisted of spherical particles with 1-2 μm in diameter. Although the majority of material consists of micrometer, smaller particles with nanoscale (1-10 nm) are also present in the TEM images. Transmission Electron Microscope images of Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick shows that the material mainly consisted of spherical particles with 1–10 nm in diameter. Investigations well confirm the presence of Ruby crystals with nanometric size between 1 and 10 nm. FTIR can be routinely used to identify the functional groups and identification/quality control of raw material/finished products. FTIR spectra of Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick is obtained at room temperature by using an FTIR Spectrophotometer - Perkin Elmer - Spectrum RX-IFTIR. The spectra is collected in a range from 450 to 4000 cm− 1. Interpretation of FTIR Spectra of Giordani Gold Ruby Lipstick shows presence of various functional groups such as Alkane – CH3– C Methyl, CH3– (C= O), – CH2– Methylene, CH2– (C= O), – CH2– (C ≡ N), , Ethyl, n-propyl, Iso-propyl, tertiary butyl; Alkene –CH–CH– (Cis); Acids – Carboxylic acids COOH; Alcohols - Primary alcohols CH2–OH, Secondary CH–OH, Tertiary C–OH, Aromatic –OH; Ethers - Aliphatic ethers CH2–O–CH2; Esters – Formates H–CO–O–R, Acetates –CH2–CO–O–R, Propionates –CH2–CO–O–R, Butyrates and up –CH2–CO–O–R, Acrylates =CH–CO–O–R, Fumarates =CH–CO–O–R, Maleates =CH–CO–O–R, Benzoates, phthalates –CO–O–R ; Aldehydes - Aliphatic Aldehydes –CH2CHO, Aromatic Aldehydes – CHO; Ketones – Aliph. Ketones CH2–CO–CH2; Anhydrides – Normal anhydrides C–CO–O– CO–C, Cyclic anhydrides ; Aromatic – Monosustituted Benzene ; Amines – Primary amines CH2–NH2, >CH–NH2; Amines (cont) – Secondary amines - CH2–NH–CH2, CH–NH–CH, –NH–R , Hydrochloride C–NH3+Cl, Tertiary amines (CH2)3N; Imines – Substituted Imines >C=N–C, Imines >C=NH; Amides – Monosubstituted amide –CO–NH–R.

20-22

Authors: Iynthezhuthon K and Malhotra Vinayak

As Airliners and Airlines increased over the turn of the century, so did Aircraft crashes primarily due to Bird hitting the engines. It has been surveyed that over 44% of Deaths caused in Aircraft crashes are due to Bird collisions. That’s a horrifying figure, if we consider the increasing number of deaths caused each year due to aircraft crashes. Bird hitting aircraft engines also causes incredible damage in addition to loss of life. It is estimated that bird collisions cost the global airline industry well over 2 Billion Dollars. This remarkable figure is mainly because of some of the irreplaceable damage the collisions or strikes by birds cause to the aircraft. Because of so much damage and loss of life caused by Flocks of Birds and Bats, Its Imperative that we minimize such loses. The pressing need is due to the increasing number of reports of aircraft crash accidents due to bird strikes year after year. Although it can be argued that this may be due to better reporting and advanced technologies for observing such accidents, one cannot ignore the rise in frequency of such accidents.

26-30

Authors: Pawar SK

The present study was conducted to assess the Physico-chemical Parameters of Vishnupuri dam water in Nanded district Maharashtra, India, during the year June 2015 to May 2016. Analysis was performed on 05 different parameters. The monthly Variation in the physical and chemical parameters such as Chloride, Phosphate, Nitrate, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Were investigated. All the parameter were beyond on the permissible limits. Aquatic ecosystem monitoring has been carried out in India based on either chemical or biological analysis. The result revealed that there was significant seasonal variations in some physico-chemical parameters and most of the parameters were in the normal range and indicated better qualify of dam water.