International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

14-23

Authors: Martin Ogharandukun1 , Fidelis Ikechukwu Onah2, Anthony Lordson Amana3, Ngang Bassey Ngang 4

The increase in the demand for wind energy on a large scale also gives rise to increased demand for wind energy conversion machines (WECMs). one of these is the induction wind turbine generator otherwise referred to as the Doubly Fed Induction Machine. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is the preferred choice, however, due to the sensitive nature of this machine, it suffers setbacks as a result of speed variations and grid faults during operation. To overcome these undesirable characteristics, this paper proposes an adaptive control technique to regulate the machine speed when in operation. The sequence of this procedure is to first characterize the performance of the induction machine, design an adaptive control rule base to increase the efficiency of the wind turbine that drives the generator rotor, and train an artificial Neural Network(ANN) in the adaptive rule base to improve the energy generated through the speed control device. The next stage is to develop a conventional proportional Integral Control (PIC) system for Energy Efficiency.The outcomes showed that the conventional generator's efficiency is stable from 4 seconds to 10 seconds at 59.7%. On the other hand, when an adaptive controller is used, generator one gives efficiency of 60.77% over a stable time range of 4 to 10 seconds. When compared to the conventional method, the system's energy efficiency increases by 1.07% when an adaptive controller is used. The final results show that generator two has the highest conventional generator efficiency of 76.5% and the highest adaptive controller generator efficiency of 77.87%. The results show a 1.3% improvement when an adaptive controller is incorporated into the system compared to the traditional Approach Keyword- Energy efficiency, improvement, fed induction, generator, adaptive control The increase in the demand for wind energy on a large scale also gives rise to increased demand for wind energy conversion machines (WECMs). one of these is the induction wind turbine generator otherwise referred to as the Doubly Fed Induction Machine. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is the preferred choice, however, due to the sensitive nature of this machine, it suffers setbacks as a result of speed variations and grid faults during operation. To overcome these undesirable characteristics, this paper proposes an adaptive control technique to regulate the machine speed when in operation. The sequence of this procedure is to first characterize the performance of the induction machine, design an adaptive control rule base to increase the efficiency of the wind turbine that drives the generator rotor, and train an artificial Neural Network(ANN) in the adaptive rule base to improve the energy generated through the speed control device. The next stage is to develop a conventional proportional Integral Control (PIC) system for Energy Efficiency.The outcomes showed that the conventional generator's efficiency is stable from 4 seconds to 10 seconds at 59.7%. On the other hand, when an adaptive controller is used, generator one gives efficiency of 60.77% over a stable time range of 4 to 10 seconds. When compared to the conventional method, the system's energy efficiency increases by 1.07% when an adaptive controller is used. The final results show that generator two has the highest conventional generator efficiency of 76.5% and the highest adaptive controller generator efficiency of 77.87%. The results show a 1.3% improvement when an adaptive controller is incorporated into the system compared to the traditional Approach

16-22

Authors: ABDULAZİZ KAMİL AHME AL-HADİTHE, DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ BAŞAK VARLİ BİNGÖL

The infrastructure project risks represent an essential areas in engineering field due to the importance of this types of project to the community. for that, the present research developed an approach to assess the geotechnical project risks in Iraq. the thesis specifies the north of Iraq as a case study and the risks were specified and evaluated through previous studies, questionnaires, and interviews with experts to build a geotechnical risks database for infrastructure projects. The geotechnical hazards were established using the Delphi technique, based on relevant research and expert views, in the first stage of this chapter, which was to designate the study region, which was the north of Iraq. In the second step, the researcher calculated the RII of dangers based on the region regions. In the third phase, the AHP was created which evaluates the collected data to discover and assess dangers as well as determine the risk rating. The RII and the AHP findings can be compared. The system performance was tested and the results were significant, and the risk prognosis was excellent, according to expert opinion

34-45

Authors: Haıtham Fadhıl Shıhab, Prof. Dr. Ender SARIFAKIOĞLU, Salih Yilmaz

The special geometric of the viaduct pier that influences the constancy of the bridge knows the sum of backing throughout the overflow. The pier is considered the most important part of the bridge. The pier geometry is influencing all other bridge components. The shape of the geometry affects the forces on the pier due to water flow characteristics. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the differences in pressure and water flow characteristics in a special pier shape in an Iraqi bridge. This goal was achieved by using the CFD ANSYS software program. The investigation was done using the Iron Bridge piers due to their unique shape. The study observed that with the increase of pier front face shape, there is a vortex will appear and the pressure will be high. The vortex line produced a score behind the pier which represents a big problem for the pier stability. To avoid this problem, the present study optimizes the pier design by adding a curve in the front face.

11-17

Authors: HAMDAN YOUSIF HAMDAN

The research on the aerodynamic behavior of airfoils is based on the creation of aircraft modifications employing novel wing designs. The airplane will experience a lift force as a result of the action of aerodynamic forces. The current study compares the efficiency of airfoil NACA 0018 with NACA 64-208 as a baseline to determine the efficacy of airfoil shape based on different angles of attack. to denote the supersonic and subsonic instances, respectively. Simulating the specified airfoils based on angle of attack variations correlated with two Reynolds Numbers for each example was used to create the scenarios. The first consideration is low speed (Re 6,000,000), which serves as a baseline for all scenarios, and the second is supersonic speed (Re 60,000,000), which is defined by NACA 64-208. The air speed and pressure increase as the angle of attack increases until the angle of attack hits the stall angle, according to the CFD simulation results. It can be shown that wing shape design is an important component in determining aircraft speed based on lift force magnitude associated with aircraft mass, which constitute independent acceleration parameters Keywords:- aerodynamic forces, airfoil, supersonic speed, lift force, drag force,