INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-8

Authors: S.Bulomine Regi

IT savvy customer is more empowered and left with many options of making payments, through his ATM and debit cards, credit cards, RTGS, NEFT transfer, ECS, or mobile payments. However, change in technological aspect is rapid and is evolving constantly and therefore what lies ahead in future cannot be predicted with conformity. The following objectives are focused in the study: i. To study the customers perception towards technological banking, ii. To find out the problems faced by the customers while availing technological banking iii. To analyse the relationship between types of bank with problems faced by the customers while availing technological banking. Primary Data was collected by using questionnaire under simple random sampling method. 600 samples were selected from various Public Sector Banks like State Bank of India, Indian Bank and Indian Overseas Bank and Private sector banks like ICICI, HDFC, Karur Vysya Bank in Tirunelveli district. In this paper, the major findings on challenges faced by the customers while availing technological banking and suggestions based on the findings are discussed.

14-22

Authors: T.Ponceelia *1, Dr.C.Eugine Franco 2

This study was aimed at exploring the Entrepreneurial aspirations, inhibitions and traits of youth in different colleges in Thoothukudi district. Youths in colleges are most powerful and realistic to create positive change than any other generation. They are the agent of social mobility. Constructive aspiration of youth has positive consequences in society. Developing entrepreneurial skills among youth is more important for the growth of an economy like India. It will create employment opportunities and increase the country’s exports, which in turn will lead to improvement in the standard of living. Job aspirations is directed a young student towards correct path according their ability. The word ‘Aspiration’ denotes that ‘a will to succeed’. It helps to move an individual from one socio-economic position to other. For occupational mobility college youths need to have correct planning and correct training through proper guidance. The important skill with regard to the development of entrepreneurs is the entrepreneurial traits. This rising interest in the topic can be explained by its interdisciplinary trait, broadening the well-established nature of studies on entrepreneurship by including aspects related to organizations, human resources, leadership, and competitive strategies. The entrepreneurial traits are important factors in developing prospective entrepreneurs and creating new ventures, and the educational institutions as well as the government should lend a helping hand to the students in this regard.

28-31

Authors: M. Sri Vidhya @ Thangalakshmi

‘Gerontology’ is a term that refers to the scientific study of old age, the process of aging and the special problems of old people. This paper will discuss about the problems of the old man, Nariman Vakeel from the novel Family Matters by Rohinton Mistry. Though the definition focusses on the three aspects of old age namely (i) scientific study (ii) process of aging and the (iii) special problems of old people. Mistry as a literary writer focusses mainly on the last one that is the special problems of old people. Mistry also concentrates on the aging process; the aging refers to a multidimensional process of physical, psychological and social changes. With these perceptions in his mind he narrates the story of an old man aged 79 affected by Parkinson disease. He faces health problems and because of it, he faces problems with his children, his familial relationship as a father and as a grandfather is spoiled; and that affects him psychologically day by day throughout the novel. This paper aims at suggesting a few solutions to the problems of old age people which may contribute to better understanding of individuals at home and in society.

43-46

Authors: S. Merlin Vista *1 , Dr. C. Eugine Franco

Performance management is an important driver in most companies today. Companies regard this as a tool to ensure the people working for them and deliver as per the agreed contract and objectives were set mutually. This study reveals the importance of a well-managed performance management system. The purpose of this research project is to find out the performance management of shalom garments, factors influencing performance of employees, relationship between performance and rewards. This research covers reward system, motivational factors, factors influencing performance of employees of shalom garments. The main findings are that, motivational talks of management towards employees are low, company does not provide opportunity to the employee’s self-development and management does not take any steps to improve the literacy level of the employees.

58-61

Authors: D.P.Jesudoss Manohar *1 , T.Jayaprakasam2

India is facing an acute energy scarcity which is hampering its industrial growth and economic progress. Setting up of new power plants is inevitably dependent on import of highly volatile fossil fuels. Thus, it is essential to tackle the energy crisis through judicious utilization of abundant the renewable energy resources, such as Biomass Energy solar Energy, Wind Energy and Geothermal Energy. Apart from augmenting the energy supply, renewable resources will help India in mitigating climate change. India is heavily dependent on fossil fuels for its energy needs. Most of the power generation is carried out by coal and mineral oil-based power plants which contribute heavily to greenhouse gases emission. Solar Power a clean renewable resource with zero emission, has got tremendous potential of energy which can be harnessed using a variety of devices.

10-16

Authors: Hadi Abdulah Abd Ali Al-Zuhairi 1 , Nadheema Hammood Hussein 2 , Khetam Habeeb Rasool 2

The present study was carried out to determine the frequency of bacteria responsible for hip and knee infections at a hospital in Baghdad/Iraq and to get an updated knowledge about their antibiotic resistance pattern during a period of study which extended from 1 October, 2016 till 1 October, 2017. Identification of bacteria at species level was done by using Analytic Profile Index (API) system (Bio-Merieux, France). The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to Kirby-Bauer (disk diffusion) technique. The frequency of positive aspiration of hip and knee joint infections cultures was 25(65.79%) cases out of 38 hip and knee joint aspiration. Out of 25 positive aspirations of hip and knee joint infections cultures, 3(12%) cultures gave mix growth of bacteria. Frequency of positive hip and knee joint infections cultures was higher in male than female patients, 19(76%) vs. 6(24%) (P-value ≤ 0.05). Out of 28 isolated bacteria, Gram positive was the most frequently isolated bacteria in hip and knee joint infection cultures, 22(78.6%) vs. 6(21.4%) (P-value < 0.05). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated 13(46.5%) isolates followed by Staphylococcus aureus isolates 7(25%). On other hand Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated Gram negative bacteria 3(10.7 %%) in hip and knee joint infection cultures. The most effective antibiotic on Gram-positive isolates was Vancomycin which showed 95.5%. In Gram negative bacteria the most effective antibiotics were Imipenem (100%) followed by Amikacin which showed sensitivity rate 83.33.

33-44

Authors: Yandres Answo Djedelbert Lao *1

This project entitled “FIRST LANGUAGE INTERFERENCES INTO ENGLISH WRITING SKILL OF THE XIIth GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 KUPANG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018.” This research is aimed at; 1) figuring aspects of first language (L1) interferences; and 2) the affecting factors of L1 interference into English writing skill. By applying descriptive qualitative approaches, there were some strategies using in both compiling and analyzing data. In collecting data, triangulation was applied such as interviewing teacher and students, classroom observation, and students’ writing assessment. The data were obtained by interviewing students and teacher and assessing writing skill of students of SMA N 1 Kupang in academic year 2017/2018 in the third grade of language program. Typology was applied in analyzing data using contrastive analysis. The result of this investigation proved that there are four levels of L1 interference found in students’ English writings. They are phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. There are also four affecting factors that cause the occurrence of L1 interferences. They are mental process happening in students’ brain, students’ L1, Teaching and Learning Process (TLP) model in classroom, and under-frequency of English use. Mental process in Students’ brain and students’ L1 are novelty dimensions of this research.

66-76

Authors: Ümit Çiğdem Turhal *1, Vahab Neccaroğlu 2

The surface roughness parameter is an important parameter in the installation of a wind energy power plant and it varies depending on the dimensions and the distribution of the roughness elements on the land. Before the installation roughness maps indicate roughness of the surface has to be drawn. In today's applications, these maps are drawn approximately by WAsP software using the information obtained from the terrestrial observations belongs to experts. But this application is costly and time consuming and the assessment is based on limited land observations. In this study the surface roughness parameter is determined by digital image processing techniques from the digital images taken over aerial field. Thus it gives the opportunity to consider whole power plant surface into account with lower cost and time requirements over the traditional methods. Images used in the study are obtained from the Map General Command and MATLAB software platform is used. The study is based on the determination of the closure rates on the land by image segmentation method such as OTSU algorithm, fuzzy c-means and k-means algorithms. In order to evaluate the consistency of the results images are evaluated with ERDAS software. Obtained results showed the effectiveness of the study.

89-98

Authors: Anoj Dhungana 1 , Khet Raj Dahal 2 , Subik Shrestha 3 , Narbikram Thapa 4 , Sanchita Neupane 5

A study on “Issues associated with the shelter reconstruction after Gorkha Earthquake 2015 in Nepal” was conducted during the period of March to September 2017 on the basis of secondary literature received from different sources and field observation. Various articles, journal and government documents retrieved from online research database like ‘Google Scholars’ and topic related government online sites were reviewed. It has been realized that reconstruction after disasters is a long process. To manifest and implement the notion of build back better and successful completion of shelter reconstruction projects, there is a need for an in-depth knowledge of construction project management because 600,000 houses are to be constructed and about 250,000 to be repaired and retrofitted as well. The study reveals that the lack of funding, construction materials, labors and experienced human resources hinder the smooth progress of reconstruction. Similarly, reconstruction projects can take place only when the affected people are also involved in the design and planning process as well as in the implementation phase of the project, ensuring the best utilization of local knowledge and resources as much as possible. The strong coordination among various stakeholders can act as the key to an effective reconstruction in the context of Nepal.

106-111

Authors: A. Linsey Cranab *1 , Dr B. William Dharma Raja * 2

Perfectionism is having both negative and positive aspects. Perfectionism extracts a great toll from early adolescents who think that only through perfection they will be able to gain the fulfilment, success, love, and acceptance of others. Usually, the opposite occurs. Perfectionists may accomplish something but, invariably, their methods will deny them the precise love and acceptance they badly wish to acquire, which leaves them feeling dissatisfied. This article reports on the construction and validation of LiWi’s Scale on Perfectionism of early adolescents through a survey from 90 early adolescents. The Cronbach’s α-value for the selected 32 items were found as 0.790 and this value reflects a good degree of reliability. This scale helps to measure the perfectionist behaviour of an individual and to develop positive perfectionist behaviour among them.

121-127

Authors: K.Vijayalakshmi *1

Emotional Intelligence (EI) also known as Emotional Quotient (EQ) is one of the hot topics among Teachers and learners. Emotional Intelligence (EI) has had a huge impact on management since Daniel Goleman (1995) published his book popular book on EI for a wider audience. From fairly humble beginnings. EI has come into its own as one of the most popular psychological concepts of the last decade. EI has been used by some as an umbrella term that comprises elements such as ‘soft skills’, ‘people skills’, and a general ability to cope with life’s demands.

135-140

Authors: अपर्णा श्रीवास्तव ’1

कला का प्रधान लक्ष्य सौन्दर्य की अन ुभूति है। कलाओं में सौन्दर्यानुभूति की सृजनात्मक अभिव्यक्ति की उत्पत्ति मानव सभ्यता के आदि काल से ही धार्मिक आध्यात्मिक कलाकृतियों की रचना क े कारण सम्भव हुई है। धर्म एवं कला दोनों ही मानवीय जीवन को व्यवस्थित एवं संगतिपूर्ण बनात े हैं तथा मानवीय जीवन के महान सत्य को प्रस्तुत करती है। कला तथा धर्म ने एक द ूसर े के निहितार्थ प्रेरणा का कार्य किया है। कला की धार्मिक अभिप्यक्ति क े सन्दर्भ में जम्मू की डुग्गर संस्कृति का विशेष महत्व है जहाँ कला ने धार्मिक अभिव्यक्ति क े प्रकटन हेतु विविध स्वरूपों का विकास किया, जिनमें से भित्ति चित्रण प्रमुख है। डुग्गर संस्कृति के भित्ति चित्रों में लोगों की धार्मिक भावना का साकार रूप दृष्टिगोचर होता है, जिसका उदेश्य धर्म का प्रचार एवं अतीत का सरंक्षण करना है। डोगरा कलाकारों न े वहाँ क े बाहय सौन्दर्य के वशीभूत होकर ही कला की उद्भावना नहीं की अपितु उसकी अन्तः प्र ेरणाओं और उसके भीतर प्रसुप्त दैवीय विश्वासों क े बल न े इनके विचारों व भावों को र ंग, रूप, वाणी और अभिव्यक्ति प्रदान की है। डोगरा राजाओं की धार्मिक प्रवृत्ति की अभिव्यक्ति का प्रस्त ुतीकरण हमें इन डोगरा राजाओं क े वास्त ु सम्बन्धी कृतियों यथा-गुफा, मन्दिरों एवं महलों में निर्मित भित्तिचित्रों में द ृष्टिगोचर होते हैं डोगरा कालीन इन भित्ति चित्रों म ें हिन्द ू धर्म की अवधारणा के अन्तर्गत विभिन्न निर्माण हुआ है।

147-154

Authors: Frangelina Pajolia Salem *1

This project entitled “Improving students’ writing descriptive text using mind mapping teaching strategy of the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 4 Kupang in academic year 2017/2018.” This research is aimed at; 1) to find out the use of mind mapping teaching strategy can improve the writing ability of tenth grade students, 2) to find out the weakness and strength of mind mapping teaching strategy. This research was classified as action research. It was done in two cycles. The first cycle was divided into two meetings and the second cycle was divided into two meetings. The research was done with the participation of 43 students of the tenth grade students of science program. The data obtained during the research were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were in the form observation checklist while the quantitative data were in the form of the students’ scores. The results of the research showed that the use of mind mapping effectively improved the students writing ability. Based on the qualitative data, the students were able to generate their ideas to produce well-organized recount texts. They were also able to use the appropriate vocabulary, correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization in their writings. During the teaching and learning process, they also showed positive response toward the lesson. Based on the quantitative data, the students’ mean score improved. In the pre-test, the students’ mean score was 60.58 The students’ mean score in the post-test 1 is 70.81 and the students’ mean score in the post-test 2 is 78.60, which the last mean score is higher than KKM which is 75.00. It means that there are a difference between the students’ writing descriptive text before and after the action research.

164-175

Authors: Paul Attien 1, 2, 3, Thomas Dadie 2 , Haziz Sina *3, Clément Kouassi Kouassi 1 , Lamine BabaMoussa 3

Many persons use to eat ready-to-eat meat products sold mostly on the street. The aim of our study was to investigate the microbial contaminants profile of meat products sold on the streets of 5 communes in Abidjan. To reach our goal, a survey was conducted to investigate on the type of customer, meat, the selling points, and the probable causes of food poisoning. Forty samples of each of the three kind of ready-to-eat meat (beef, pork and chicken) were collected in five communes of Abidjan. The microbial quality of the collected meat was determined with conventional methods and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-offlight mass spectrometry. The results of the survey showed a health risk potentially related to the method of cooking and the type of meat. Out of the 600 samples analyzed, 443 strains were isolated. Among the microorganisms, there are Cocci’s (61.61%) mainly Staphylococcus strains, Bacilli (37.28%) and yeast (1.11%). Staphylococcal strains and Enterobacteriaceae are the most predominant and chicken meat is the most contaminated meat product. Also, some strains (Alloiococcus otitis and Ochrobactrum intermedium) were rarely isolated. The meat products contamination constitutes a health risk which could cause significant income loss for both merchant and consumer.

183-190

Authors: Generoso N. Mazo *1

Eradication of the drug menace is the centerpiece program of the Duterte administration. The President claims there are more than 4 million drug users in the country. The police, used the “tok tok-hangyo” or “knock and appeal” approach, to encourage drug users, pushers and others involved to surrender and stop their illegal activities. The nationwide response was overwhelming as 1,176,523, pushers and users submitted voluntarily to authorities. In Tanauan, Leyte, 396 persons, and still increasing, surrendered. Without a national blueprint on how to deal with this problem, Local Governments are left to craft their own programs to help their constituents. The Transformational Rehabilitation Plan Community-Based Approach to Drug Prevention and Moral Recovery Program, a 3-Phases modular approach was implemented with a general objective to enable the participant to understand the process of healing and recovery from their old lifestyles and embrace the new life for the future.

200-205

Authors: Kulkarni Vipul V. *1, Prof. Ghodake Arvind P. *2

This work focuses the running inconvenient weight and the weight to strength ratio of the components of the vehicle as the weight directly affects on the mileage and running cost so this is the to replace the current material by low weight material without harming the safety. In this work the axle shaft is designed and manufactured by alternate material i.e. glass fiber and epoxy resin, the objective is to replace the all components of vehicle but the representative basis is the axle of the two wheeler. The glass fiber and epoxy resin having additional properties as they are composite materials. The composite materials i.e. composition of the more materials having properties of the all materials. The composite axle of is compared with conventional steel axle under different mechanical testing destructive and non-destructive tests with evaluating of different mechanical properties such as tensile strength, crack free structure by using appropriate experimental techniques.

217-222

Authors: Dharamveer Yadav 1 , Bhawani Kochar 1 , Ankur Mathur 1 , Arun Chougle 2

Aim: Microalbuminuria (MAU) has been shown to be a risk factor for nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between MAU and other risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Five twenty one patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in this study. Medical records were used to collect data of age, duration of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI) and history of hypertension. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours overnight fasting to estimate fasting blood glucose (FBG), Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid. MAU was quantified using the dipstick method in early morning urine samples. Results: Out of 521 subjects 37.5% (186 subjects) were found to be suffering from MAU. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), HbA1C (p<0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p<0.001) were significantly higher in subjects with MAU as compared to normoalbuminuria subjects. Further, on multiple logistic regression analysis it was observed that duration of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and FBG are associated with MAU. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of the MAU was high in the present study, which necessitates for early detection of nephropathy to reduce the burden of diabetes induced kidney disease in the future.

232-245

Authors: Dr. Ayfer SU BERGİL *1 , Ayşegül ERÇEVİK 2 , Gamze ERDEM 3

The aim of this study is to teach creative drama techniques to Amasya University English Language Teaching Department students in the scope of Young Learners courses, enrich students’ vision to perform different activities in practicum practices and observe its contributions to the course process. Four stages of creative drama, namely warm-up/relaxation activities, games, improvisation and evaluation were included in this research and supported as a project by the Scientific Research Commission of Amasya University. In this research the scale of attitudes towards creative drama, consisting of 50 items was adapted and used as a highlighting part of ‘‘Teaching English to Young Learners’’ course. As a method, namely qualitative research referring to both descriptive and phenomenological researches was used in the study. Moreover, to support the results of qualitative ones, the quantitative statistics of OneSample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for Paired Samples were applied to the collected data. Related to the obtained results, it was clearly seen that the teaching English to young learners courses should be enriched with creative drama activities in the process of teacher training and the prospective teachers need to be fostered using this kind of practices during their faculty education.

256-265

Authors: Faiqoh Amalina *1 , Ratya Anindita 2 , Dan Abdul Wahib Muhaimin 2

The efforts of the Government in food diversification of rice to local food thus generating household conditions that tend to switch to wheat consumption compared to local commodities. So the necessary analyse to look at preferences in consuming the food commodities. Besides seeing the influence of price changes and the expenditure against the demand for food as the evaluation of food diversification successfully implemented. This analysis were using Susenas data (2016) analyzed by the Linear Approximation/Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model. The results of the analysis note that the highest preference is present on rice and flour, seen from the amount of consumption as well as the proportion of its expenditure. The results of the demand elasticity indicates that diversifies effort still hadn't done very well because there were still a dependency of the rice. So that the effort to maintain the affordability of the rice should still be enacted.

275-290

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin *1

This paper presents Viral Systems Algorithm (VSA) for solving optimal reactive power problem. VSA have proven to be very efficient when dealing with problems of high complexity. The virus infection expansion corresponds to the feasibility region exploration, and the optimum corresponds to the organism lowest fitness value. Many available algorithms usually present weaknesses and cannot guarantee the optimum output for the problem in a bounded time. Projected Viral Systems Algorithm (VSA) has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly about the superior performance of the proposed Viral Systems Algorithm (VSA) in reducing the real power loss and static voltage stability margin (SVSM) index has been enhanced.

298-301

Authors: Emre Kuzugudenli *1, Huseyin Goktas 1 , Canpolat Kaya 1 , A.Fatih Kilic 2

Nature is one of the most important elements that affect human life positively. Studies conducted up to this time have also revealed the relation of nature to human health and psychology. Nature education activities for people with disabilities come to the fore in recent years. There are various studies in this subject. The aim of the study is to determine this nature education technique for the hearing impaired students. For this purpose, 192 hearing impaired students were given nature education. As a result of the study, interviews were evaluated and nature education techniques for hearing impaired people were determined.

311-317

Authors: Maria Wihelmina Wisrance *1

This article studies self-initiation self-repair employed by the third semester students of English study program of Widya Mandira catholic university Kupang on speaking class, aims at finding out whether or not the third semester students of English study program do the self-repair initiation toward the trouble source they produce on the interaction they are engaged. The main purposes are to discover the types of trouble source that trigger the students’ self-initiation selfrepair, the self-repair strategies performed by the students on the interaction with their lecturer, and identify the way how the students produce the self-initiation self-repair. The qualitative method and CA approach were employed as a theoretical framework. The results indicated that; types of trouble sources that trigger students’ self-initiation self-repair in the interaction with their lecturer on speaking class were vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar. The self-initiation self-repair strategies performed by the students in their interaction with their lecturer on the speaking class were replacement, partial repetition of pronunciation, completion, correction, repetition by modifying intonation, modification, and rearranging. The self-initiation self-repair strategies are done in six ways namely repeating, replacing, modifying, correcting, completing, and rearranging.

322-328

Authors: सीमा जांगिड’1

सल्तनतकाल (1206-1526 ई.) में मजहबी संकीर्णता से ग्रस्त एवं राज्य नियंत्रित इस्लामी शिक्षा का प्रचलन आरंभ हुआ। मुसलमानों न े प्राचीन भारतीय विद्या-केन्द्रों को नष्ट कर उनके स्थान पर मदरसों की स्थापना की, जहां तफसीर, हदीस, कलाम, फिक ्ह आदि विषय पढाये जाते थे। बिस्मिल्लाह प्रायः घर पर ही होता था। मकतबों में प्रारम्भिक शिक्षा दी जाती थी। उच्चवर्गीय परिवार अपन े पुत्रों के लिए घर पर ही शिक्षक नियुक्त कर देते थे। शिक्षण-प्रणाली सद ्र-उस-सुदूर तथा उलेमाआ ें द्वारा संचालित की जाती थी। राज्य वक्फ एंव वजीफे प्रदान करता था। सभी सुल्तानों क े अधीन इस्लामी शिक्षा अत्यंत फली-फूली। प्रांतीय शासको न े भी अच्छी शिक्षण व्यवस्था की। हिन्द ू शिक्षा के लिए पाठशालाएं, टोल एंव व्यक्तिगत शिक्षक होते थे। सामाजिक क ुरीतियों क े कारण स्त्रियों क े लिए पृथक पाठशालाओं एंव जन साधारण के लिए स्त्री-शिक्षा का प्रबंध न था। उच्चवर्गीय परिवार अपन े घरों में ही शिक्षक नियुक्त कर देते थे।

337-347

Authors: Dr Menul Teguh Riyanti *1

The purpose of this study was to develop a learning model based Commercial Graphic Design Drafting project-based learning approach, was chosen as a strategy in the learning product development research. University students as the target audience of this model are the students of the fifth semester Visual Communications Design Studies Program Faculty of Art and Design University of Trisakti. Dick, Carey, and Carey models of Research and Development (R and D) are applied to develop this model. The model consists of the systematic phase used to develop learning products Drafting Commercial Graphics. Results of learning products reviewed by expert instructional design, instructional material expert, and instructional media specialist. A series of formative evaluation session - a review and revision process - undertaken in developing this learning product. The result showed that the learning model Drafting Commercial Graphics implemented a project-based approach has been improving learning outcomes better than the target - the students of the fifth semester Visual Communications Design Studies Program Faculty of Art and Design University of Trisakti. The results of the research and development of this model in the category of Good.

357-362

Authors: Wang Ching-Sung *1, Vincent Hoong Yong Sheng 2 , Wang Cheng-Jai 1

Speaking and writing are two common easiest mediums of communication for human. However, they are not applicable when it comes to handicapped who has hearing or speaking inability. Handicapped often encounter a hard time in expressing their feelings and thoughts to others. Furthermore, there are abundant of product in the market, which uses eye movement, light reflection theory and electrooculogram (EOG) as the input of their control system. These implication aims to ease the disabled to use modern devices. Therefore, a research is done on constructing an EOG Television Control Model to help the disabled to have remote on the television. By using the eye’s electrical signal obtained via vertical and horizontal motion, user can easily control television by rolling or blinking their eyes. Motivation/Background: The main motivation for this research is to look for an alternative solution to help patients especially those with physical disabilities to control television using eyes motions without difficulties. Moreover, selection for the best television monitoring method among all possible solution is also one of the research progress. Method: The most important method being used in this research is by using EOG to detect eyes motion and convert each and every unique motion into a specific command for television monitoring action. Wireless communication device is an additional to allow long range television control using EOG signal. Results: It is shown that the EOG signal for left and right and up and down motion of eyeballs differ with each other. Using the motion and by setting a threshold value to quantized the signal, a better quality television monitoring command is generated. Conclusions: EOG signal allow user especially those with physical disabilities to monitor television with ease by performing unique eye rolling motion.

368-376

Authors: Mary Nyiva Mwaniki 1 , Dr.Lydia Maket 2

The purpose of this research is to analysis of enterpriser profiles on entrepreneurial managerial in Bungoma, Kenya .Efforts have been made to support entrepreneurial managerial activities training and the provision of consultative services; interestingly, the failure rate still remains high Neither research on the entrepreneur personality nor enterpriser profiles have demonstrated a decisive influence on entrepreneurial managerial activities. The study adopted a post-positivism research , with research design of explanatory survey .The target population and sample size were adopted from a thesis selected from Eldoret, Towns .Data was analyzed quantitatively using techniques such as: Multivariate analysis, structural equation modeling. Finding indicates: entrepreneurial competencies, mentoring, enterpriser profile and enterprise success dimensions were sufficiently reliable and valid to be included in the subsequent model testing. The measurement model results suggest that the model provides a reasonably good fit and thus it was suitable .The CFA results supported the measurement model.

392-400

Authors: Zakayo Kibet Tallam *1 , Dr Benard Nasiuma 2

Despite the wide application of Informal Networking, there is still limited understanding on the phenomenon in enterprise continuum. This study analysed a comparative study on Informal networks and Enterprise transition: Case of Eldoret, in Kenya. The study was informed by Reeg’s onion model, it adopted a post-positivism research. Data was adopted from a thesis, where it was collected using questionnaires. A survey research design was employed. Multiple regressions were used to measure: Effects and strength of the relationship. AMOS was used for: Modeling, Likelihood approval, Nested and Hypothesis testing. The p < = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings indicate: an average of KMO = 0.80. Entrepreneurial drivers on informal networks, had a negative influence; Informal networks had a positive influence on enterprise transition; public networks on enterprise transition had a negative influence; informal networks, public networks and private networks enters the model, all the results are significant , indirect effect of public networks and private networks was supportive.

406-420

Authors: A. Aghili *1 , M.R. Masomi 2

In this article, the authors used two dimensional Laplace transform to solve non - homogeneous sub - ballistic fractional PDE and homogeneous systems of time fractional heat equations. Constructive examples are also provided.

435-451

Authors: Nataliya Obernikhina *1, Alexey Kachkovsky 2 , Viktor Kurdyukov 3 , Yuriy Piryatinski 4

This work presents the results of the investigation of the dependence of the fluorescence and absorption spectra of merocyanines, derivatives of the 2,6-di-tret-butyl-4-[R]-cyclohexa-2,5- dienone, on the nature of donor end groups (pyridinium, quinolinium, pyrilium, benzo[c,d]indolium, benzoimidindolium). Quantum-chemical calculation of the distribution was organized to electronic density and lengths of the relationships, which has shown that introduction tert-butyl groups in nucleus cyclohexa-2,5-dienone practically does not influence upon the general characteristic merocyanines in contrast with hydrogen. The stability merocyanines vastly increases when entering tert-butyl groups in cyclohexa-2,5-dienone. But such three-dementional groups vastly complicate the bands of the absorption, which become broader, have a complex oscillatory structure. So more suitable spectrums turned out to be for interpreting electronic transition to fluorescences, to measure at the temperature of the fluid nitrogen. As it is seen, spectral bands become more structuring with clearly marked by maximum of the transition. Well-defined 0`→ 0 vibronical transition was found at use of the lowtemperature fluorescent spectra. Merocyanines with highly stable tert-butyl groups can be used as fluorescence probes and labels in chemistry and biology, active and passive components for tunable dye lasers, highly effective materials for non-linear optic.

465-470

Authors: Juhaina Abdulraiem AL Mosharaf 1 , Dr Adam Abdalla Mater 2

Health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for LTBI among primary HCW in Aljazeera state Sudan. We conducted an analytical study, among HCW in TB treatment center using a structured questionnaire and an evaluated for LTBI using the tuberculin skin test among 367 HCW, the LTBI prevalence was 35.7%. (64.5%), We found that the following factors associated with LTBI in HCW were in age group 30-40 years was 63% ,75.2% of the participants didn't do the skin test for TB, and the high risk among the lab technician represented 41.2%. Our study recommended implementation of sound TB infection control measures in all health care facilities with patients suspected of having infectious.

1-13

Authors: Adna Bešić , Zarema Obradović , Adisa Dautbegović , Amina Obradović

A large number of different diseases are associated with the consumption of hygienic defective water and the use of water for maintaining personal hygiene. Recreational waters, water in systems intended for cooling and heating of public buildings are also significant. Among these diseases, the most significant is legionellosis, the disease which has become more and more important in the whole world in recent years. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the connection of hygienic conditions in public buildings with the appearance of genus Legionella in drinking and bathing water, as well as water from outside and inside fountains, pools and water from cooling and heating systems for public buildings. Obtained results are also used to evaluate the risk of developing legionellosis in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina and among foreign tourists. The presence of Legionella spp. was analysed in 238 samples of water taken from faucets in rooms of buildings intended for people's accommodation, in open and closed fountains, pools, cooling and water systems. Hygienic conditions in the facilities were assessed using survey questionnaire and complemented with legionella findings. This study showed the direct correlation between hygienic conditions in public and tourist facilities with the presence of Legionella spp. in the waters taken in these objects.

22-26

Authors: M. M. Karagama , F. B. Ladan

In this article, we shall introduce the concept of lacunary arithmetic statistical continuity for double sequences and investigate some inclusion relations.

46-49

Authors: Dr. RKD Nilanthi Kumari Rajapaksha

Godan was written in India in1936 by Premchand. Gamperaliya was written in Sri Lanka in 1944 by Martin Wickramasinghe. Both the writers are from different countries, yet many similarities are found in their Novels. Being contemporaries has immediate effect on the content of both Writers. The purpose of this study was to find those similarities. After study of both novels, often many similarities could be found such as blind beliefs, poverty and the habits of the rural population.

53-56

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli , MeenaY.R , Bharath A.L , Raghavendra Prasad HavanjeDinakar

Recently admixtures had made a major importance in the concrete manufacturing. These admixtures materials ranged from blood in the history to the recent retarding agents. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using safety matches powder as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. Using safety matches powder the temperature emitted due to exothermal reaction of concrete has reduced. This gives better results hence we can use this safety matches powder as an admixture where the reacting temperature and the emitting temperature place a crucial role in construction and maintenance

60-69

Authors: Dr.K.V.Manoj Krishna , B.T.Shivendra

The present research work discuss about the consolidation behavior of three zone soil which are collected neat soak pit regions from kanakapura, Hoskote and Dodaballapur, Karnataka, India at a depth of 0.5 meters from natural ground level and at a radial distance of 2.5 meters away from the pit area by using auger boring. In the above regions human excreta with sewage is directly discharged into these pits. From the pit contaminants will travel a maximum distance of 10 meters and also may travel vertically downwards and pollute the underground water and it also affects the engineering behavior of soil. So we are interested to know the consolidation characteristics of these regions soil. An attempt also made to have a consolidation comparative study of three above specified zone soil due to intrusion of contaminants. From the one dimensional fixed ring Consolidation test it is observed that Hoskote soil requires higher PreConsolidation pressure and hence its rate of permeability is less compared to other soils on the other hand Dodballapur soil requires lower Pre-Consolidation pressure for Consolidation of soil. This reflects the softening of soil due to contaminants intrusion near soak pit area.

86-94

Authors: Abhishek Agarwal

Knowledge is a topic, widely discussed both in philosophy and in everyday life of a common man who is not aware of its principles and existing connotations. This paper attempts to explain “knowledge”, significance of “Knowing” by incorporating diverse interdisciplinary, multicultural perspectives on understanding of “Knowledge” and its concepts that we experience “knowingly or unknowingly”. It involves a discussion on wisdom-knowledge interaction, their differences and interdependence; reality and its manifestations in various aspects that talks about the nature of reality in general as a concept; and a brief essay on unexplained mystery of “Sampurna gyana” (meaning complete knowledge) and “Sarwagya” (person who knows everything) trying to understand it’s possibility in a world of infinite possibilities.

102-108

Authors: Anthony Peter , Oladipo Francis Olukayode

Since the creation of man, there has been continuous transformation of the environment for convenience, at an almost unlimited pace. This process has become faster in the last 50 years, especially in areas of civilization and city planning. The implication is that when man creates, there is usually a destruction of the natural, forgetting that man and the rest of nature need to coexist in harmony with each other. Architectural Design on the other hand, attempts to make good all human tendencies and activities meant to destroy the age long relationship that existed between nature and man. The paper attempts to look into natural surroundings of man, and finally proffer suggestions on how nature and man will be close as in the good old times of early man. The paper therefore, aims at highlighting how architectural design can reduce the gap between Nature and transformation activities, hence creating a harmony.

116-125

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Improved Intelligent Water Drop (IIW) algorithm has been proposed to solve the optimal reactive power problem. In this work firefly and water drop algorithm has been combined to improve the exploration & exploitation. Fire fly algorithm imitates the firefly light flashing behaviour is an astonishing signal in the sky, usually found in tropical and temperate regions. Water drop algorithm contains a few necessary elements of natural water drops and action and reaction that occur between river bed & the water drops that flow within. Proposed Improved Intelligent Water Drop (IIW) algorithm has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems & real power loss has been comparatively reduced with voltage profiles are within the limits.

139-148

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper projects Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm, which inspired by poll around the world is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. In Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm population is general people and each person may be a candidate or a voter. Definite number of people will form dissimilar groups to set up political parties in the solution space. Advertising movement is the fundamental of this Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm and it contains three core phases: sanguine campaign, disparate campaign and union campaign. During sanguine campaign, the nominee proclaims themselves through accentuate their positive descriptions and potentials. In the disparate campaign, candidates challenge with each other to raise their status and malign their contender. In extraordinary cases, the candidates that have equivalent information can united together in order to increase the possibility of success of the joint party. Campaign positively grounds the people to congregate to a state of solution space that is the comprehensive optimum. All these determinations lead up to poll day (end condition). On poll day, the candidate who is acquiring maximum votes is proclaimed as the conqueror and it matches to the supreme solution that is found for the reactive power problem. The proposed Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly about the enhanced performance of the proposed Pioneering Poll (PP) algorithm in reducing the real power loss with voltage profiles are within the limits.

158-167

Authors: Tae-Ho Cho , Jung-Sub Ahn

Energy management of WSN is one of the major issues. Many kind of attacks in WSN paralyze the network by exhausting node energy. Especially false report insertion attack, which is one of the several WSN attacks, is to inform users of false alarms as well as unnecessary energy consumption. F. Ye et al. proposed statistical en-route filtering to prevent false report injection attacks. In order to effectively use their scheme, techniques for determining thresholds using fuzzy logic have been studied. To effectively apply these techniques to the network, an appropriate security level period update should be set according to the network environments. In this paper, we propose a security period update method using fuzzy logic in order to improve the lifetime of the network in the statistical en-route filtering approach based on a wireless sensor network of the cluster environment. Normally SEF thresholds should be changed by a user according to the network environment. Our proposed method allows automatically setting the effective threshold for the environment by fuzzy logic. The experimental results show that the energy efficiency increased by 26.5%.

177-186

Authors: Maha Abdalla Alnuwaiser

Sugars, mainly fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios in the fresh red grape and raisins and in the fresh and dried apricot fruit were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC, equipped with Ec 250/4.6 Nucleodur 100-5 NH2-RP column and Refractometer -RID as a detector. Each type of the four samples was separately homogenized after removing the seeds from the samples before crushing, and in this study the deionized water was used for extraction of sugars. The ratio of each sugar in the four investigated cultivars was compared as well as comparing the contents of total sugars between these types, and it became obvious that fructose and glucose recorded significant increase rather than sucrose and maltose in these cultivars. Comparison has also been conducted for determination of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios between the fresh red grapes and raisins on one hand, and between the fresh apricot fruit and dried apricot on the other. The study showed that the raisins contain high level of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose compared to the fresh grapes. Moreover, the sugar content in the dried apricot was higher than the sugar contents in the fresh apricot fruit.

198-205

Authors: FCA Pratibha Chaurasia , Dr. Priyanka Vijay

Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishments and good financial habits bring discipline in financial decision making and have profound impact on the investment choices. This study proposes to study core financial habit of making financial plan adopted by individual investors while doing their investment planning and its impact on the investment preferences and objectives. In this study, survey approach has been adopted using a structured questionnaire with 559 sample size. The study has been taken within the geographical area of Indore and Ujjain district in Madhya Pradesh State of Central India. It has been found from the analysis that financial habits of investors play a crucial role in their investment preferences and objectives. Analysis has been done using Mann Whitney U test. The results of the research paper would contribute in developing understanding of the impact of financial habits on investment behavior and choices and thus serves an important insight to investors, financial planning professionals and other stakeholders linked to financial planning.

210-216

Authors: Hestu Wilujeng

This study aims to explore and analyze the students' algebraic thinking skills that have early mathematical abilities. This research is an explorative research with qualitative approach. The Subject consists of 3 students who have high early, medium and low mathematical ability. The research instrument is self-researcher with supporting instrument that is about the algebra thinking ability test and interview guidance. The ability to think algebra includes problemsolving skills, mathematical modeling and generalization. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis with guidance indicators of algebraic thinking ability while data analysis of interview uses data reduction step, data presentation, and decision making. Testing data validity using method triangulation. The result of the research is that students with high mathematical preliminary skills (MPS) can solve the problem well, MPS students are able to understand and plan the settlement well, but the mathematical modeling is not accurate so result in the settlement whereas the low MPS students in understanding the problem just read but do not have the solution plan.

222-259

Authors: Susana Callao , José I. Jarne , David Wróblewski

Earnings management has received considerable attention as numerous papers were investigated different hypotheses. However, there is still no consensus on how efficiently detect and measure earnings managements. Nevertheless, most authors use methodology based on accruals, sophisticated models that attempt to separate total accruals into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. We may find wide range of use of alternative models to measure earnings management. Nevertheless, the researchers typically used five the most popular models: the Jones (1991) model, the modified Jones model (Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney, 1995), Teoh, Welch and Wong (1998) model, Kasznik (1999) model and Kothari et al. (2005) model. However, it is confirmed that the environment where the company is operating influences on the earnings management. Therefore, we focus our study on the growing market of the developing European countries. In particular, our analysis comprises four different and independent samples from emerging Eastern European countries: Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, since earnings management in Eastern European countries is still barely explored. Consequently, our objective is to evaluate the ability of the existing models on earnings management for the environment of countries from the East of Europe.

271-278

Authors: Ibraheem M.Aliyas , Salem A.Hassen , Hasan Mohsen Neamah

Considers Bio-fertilizer eco-friendly, characterize by their high importance in improve the chemical, physical and biological traits of soil was better from chemical fertilizer Where the latter causes negative effects on biosphere. The study was conducted to assessment the response of Wheat of Sajittario variety (W. S .V) for two concentration levels of Fito Alg organic fertilizer(F.A.O.F) in three spraying dates and their effects on the vegetative growth and yield properties by using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications .The research was conducted in Mosul city within the province of Nineveh / Iraq at the agrarian season 2014 to study the response of (W. S .V) for two concentrations of (F.A.O.F) were (a1) 2 ml/L and (a2)4ml/L in three spraying dates (b1) 23/2, (b2) 2/3 and (b3) 9/3 ,which sprayed in tillering stage on vegetative growth , for studying their effects on the following properties; plant height cm, tillers number/plant , dry biological weight ( ton/ h), seeds number/ spike ,weight of 1000 seeds gm , straw weight (ton/ h) and total yield (ton/ h). By using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that variance analysis of the concentration of (F.A.O.F) with spraying dates were have significant effect at 0.05 probability level in the following characteristics; tiller number, weight of 1000 seed and yield ,also have significant effect at 0.01 probability level only in spike seeds number ,others properties were non-significant at both 0.05, 0.01 levels as table (2). Showed the first spraying date significant effect at 0.05 probability level their superior from others in weight 1000 seed and spike seeds number where was same effected with two others in dates of spraying as in table(3). Showed both concentrations the same effect in all of the traits at 0.05 levels. Where the first concentration had high value than both others concentrations as in table (4). The interaction effect between spraying dates and concentrations of (F A O F) on vegetative growth and yield characters for (W. S .V), where all vegetative and yield properties where the yield reached 4.86(to/ h). That indicates, to response the variety to (F. A O. F) by suitable concentration 2ml/l and fit the date of spraying 23/02 (a1b1) as in table (5), addition for good dominant environmental conditions in the study region, as well as the good genetic traits in the variety.

290-294

Authors: Vijayant Kumar

The fossil fuel reserves in India are rapidly exhausting with the country's development. To cope with the energy crisis, end-user efficiency plays an important role. This paper deals with energy saving in lighting systems with the replacement of lighting programs, as in India there is in all sectors a growing demand for energy. A number of commonly used lighting sources and their comparison in light production were discussed. The campus lighting system consisting of a T12 fluorescent lamp for monitoring the residential and institutional area of an existing device can be replaced by proposed LED lighting with equivalent performance, but has greater efficiency to reduce light energy consumption, This improvement Endbenutzereffizienz reduce the peak and the average demand of electricity, which reduces the load on the power grid. The annual energy savings through the proposed system are about 65% over current costs, which is a significant achievement of the energy saving technology. The retrofit period for the proposed lighting system installation is a little over three years. The initial investment for a short-term rating is slightly higher, but at a long-term valuation, the initial investment for the proposed regime is reduced by 50%, as the operating time of the proposed system is approximately five times higher higher than the current regime.

307-315

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper proposes Group Competition (GC) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Group Competition (GC) algorithm stimulated from the contest of sport teams in a sport group. A number of individuals as sport teams contend in a simulated group for numerous weeks. Based on the group schedule in every week, teams play in pairs and their game result is determined in terms of win or loss, given known the playing strength along with the teams’ planned formations. Modeling an artificial match analysis, each team devises a new playing strategy for the subsequent week competition and this procedure is repetitive for number of seasons. In order to evaluate the validity of the proposed Group Competition (GC) algorithm, it has been tested on Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and simulation results reveal about the good performance of the proposed algorithm in reducing real power loss and voltage profiles are within the limits.

325-332

Authors: Dr. Mohammad Anees 1 , Mr. Mukesh Kumar 2

This paper try to build up an perceptive of the factors that influence citizens’ adoption of electronic tax-filing services and to discuss taxpayer perception and satisfaction with an online system(e-filing system) for filing individual income tax returns. The data was collected through questionnaire and then was tabulized and analyzed with the help of respective tests using SPSS, MS Excel and other required methods have been used. A survey has been used to collect primary data and questionnaire approach was used in final analysis. Single cross sectional descriptive research design was used to determine taxpayers’ perception. The result through questionnaires somehow discloses that most of the individuals facing problem regarding Lack of experience and knowledge in filing the return electronically and in the same questionnaires most of the individuals satisfy with the easiness and accuracy of e-filing. But when we go for overall experience of individuals regarding e-filing the still wants some improvement in the present efiling system. Questionnaires have been filled by different level of employees both men and women of different age group, Income group and job profiles. This study is restrained to the taxpayers located in Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh. So, the conclusion derived from the research cannot be made applicable as it is for the other parts of the states or other states.

338-342

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli *1, Ramya M S 2 , Babitha Rani H 2 , Raghavendra Prasad Havanje Dinakar 3 , Lohith 1 , S. C. Sharma 4

Aggregate in concrete acts as structural filler, these place a crucial than simple statement implies it is the material that the cement paste coats and blind together. Now a day’s using river sand is prohibited by government, as these cause soil erosion. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using manufacture sand as course aggregate is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. Using manufacture sand as course aggregate the temperature emitted due to exothermal reaction of concrete has reduced. Although the compressive strength of the concrete has reduced compared to normal concrete where no admixtures were used to enhance the properties of concrete.

351-354

Authors: Vishal Gadgihalli *1, MeenaY.R 2 , Sindhu Shankar 1 , Raghavendra Prasad Havanje Dinakar 3 , S. C. Sharma 4

Ingredients other than cement, water& aggregates that import a specific quality to either plastic(fresh)mix or the hardened concrete (ASTMC 496) is called concrete admixture. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using banana peel as admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. As banana’s peel is rich in natural fiber and it is well known source of potassium. The flexural strength of concrete by using banana peel powder as admixture has increased, but considerable lesser compressive strength has increased. The percentage of transmission temperature and reduction time of temperature has decreased; hence it is clear that the exothermal reaction in concrete has been reduced by using dried banana peel powder as admixture.

366-373

Authors: Nurziana Mohd Atan *1, Saudah Sofian 2

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of intellectual capital on overall innovation and R&D activities in an innovative firm. The firm is a leader in natural goat’s milkbased cosmetics and health products in Malaysia. Intellectual capital consists of four components, human capital, structural capital, relational capital and spiritual capital. This research was a case study and qualitative approach was applied to gather data. The Marketing Manager, Human Resource Manager, Factory Operation Manager, administrative workers, factory workers, IT personnel and customers of the firm were interviewed. The information from the interviews was analyzed using codes and transcription. Finding of the study indicates that among the intellectual components, structural capital is the highest contributor to the firm’s innovation. Among the recommendations made to the firm are to increase human capital with high expertise, to have a systematic documentation, to cooperate with organization’s external environment and strengthen spiritual value. Future researches are suggested to use instruments other than interviews and widen the scope to more than one firm or industry.

379-389

Authors: Alberth Soplanit *1 , Bambang Guritno 2 , Ariffin 2 , Nur Edy Suminarti 2

Abiotic shades due to the high level of cloud are the major problem causing a low level of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) photosynthesis in the higland of Papua, Indonesia. In order to optimize the growth and production of sweetpotato, it needs to engineer the growing environment for the crop. This study aims to learn the growth, production and photosynthesis efficiency (Eµ) by combining varieties and sticks inclination angles on (1.560 m asl) from April to September 2016. It was conducted using a Split-Plot Design with three replications. The main plot was three sweet potato varietes: Siate, Papua Salosa and Cangkuang, while the subplot was the inclination of sticks with three angles: 90º, 60º, 45º and without using sticks. The result shows that a combination of Cangkuang and 90º stick inclination produces the highest total dry matter and tubers (326.9 g/plant and 248.7 g/plant respectively). The highest net assimilation rate was obtained in combination of Cangkuang with stick inclination angles treatments 90º and 60º for 125.2 mg.cm2.day-1 and 105.3 mg.cm2.day-1, the leaf area index ranged from 0.9-5.5. The highest tubers yield was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º and 60º sticks inclination angles treatments, which are 31.53 t.ha-1 and 28.86 t.ha-1 respectively, with the harvest indexes around 36-62 %, in which the tubers yield and the harvest indexes have significant correlations. The highest photosynthesis efficiency was achieved by the Cangkuang with 90º (3.83 %) and 600 (3.34 %) sticks inclination angles treatments, while the lowest one was done by the Siate and without sticks (0.92 %) treatment. As a conclusion, the higher sticks inclination angles applied on the sweetpotato varieties, particularly whose wider leafs, under abiotic shade conditions may increase crop growth rates, total and tuber dry matters, tubers yield, harvest indexes, and photosynthesis efficiency rates.

400-413

Authors: Babajide Peter A. *1, Opasina Ifeoluwa O. 2 , Ajibola Adijat T. 1 , Olla Noah O. 3 , Oyedele Temitope A. 4 , Oyatokun, Olukayode S. 5

It is not unreasonable to state that, even before the introduction of organic agriculture, African local farmers have numerous of undocumented environment-friendly, nature-inclined indigenous techniques for boosting soil fertility and enhancing crop yield. However, despite the versatility of indigenous knowledge, setback is always experienced from western science, which tags such knowledge as being non-scientific and not worthy of scholarly engagements. A field experiment was carried out in the year 2013, at the Teaching and Research Farms, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, to assess the soil fertility and yield promoting potentials of some indigenous plant species’ botanicals used as pre-planting treatments on different maize varieties. It was a 3 by 5 factorial experiment. The treatments introduced were: Three (3) maize varieties (V1 = ACR-DMR-SR-Y, V2 = Local EM-W and V3 = Suwan Solo Yellow and five (5) other treatments (comprising pre-sowing botanical treatments of: Kigelia africana only, Glyphea brevis only, combination of Kigelia africana and Glyphea brevis only, NPK fertilizer application (as a reference) and the control (treated with ordinary water only). The trial was laid out in Split Plot in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters, and the data collected were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). All the botanical treatments significantly influenced germination, growth, yield and nutrient uptakes of maize, compared to the control.

425-443

Authors: Biswajit Rout *1 , Ayesha Mohanty 2 , Akash Kacharia 3

This paper aims to analyse and interpret the investor perception about investing in stock market. The market is often referred as to bull or bear market. This is key importance for financial decisions and economic analysis. The market behaves differently in these two phase. The bull market is identified when there is constant rise of stock prices whereas bear market is referred when there is fall in stock prices. These phases occur due to different trends of market or economy. Investor sentiments get affected by this. The paper tries to identify and provides understanding about the factors that causes and how it affects the psychology of investors. There are different analysis techniques used by analysts. The popular and common analysis theories are Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis. This paper is based on technical analysis of different category of stock with respect to wide spread industry like FMCG sector, Banking sector, Oil and Natural Gas sector, Automobiles sector and Pharmaceutical Sector etc. The paper also tries to establish whether the market is having a Bull Run or bear. The movement of stock prices is analysed in technical analysis. The data of stock prices are collected from NSE official site. The analysis in done for 5 years span starting from April 2012 to Mar 2017. Even to understand better, analysis of the stock is done on 100days moving average. Prevailing news during those times are also considered to interpret the behaviour of the investors.

1-10

Authors: Dr. Dokubo, Isaac Nwojiewho , Deebom, Mtormabari Tambari

This study examined the gender disparity towards students’ enrollment in technical education in Rivers State. A sample of 403 students (362 Male and 41 Female) was selected through simple random sampling technique from Rivers State University (RIVSU) and Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUOE), Port Harcourt from the Department of Technical Education. Three research questions were posed to guide the study and two Null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significant. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A reliability coefficient of 0.83 was established through Cronbach Alpha using test-retest method. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for research questions and hypotheses were tested using the independent sample t-test. The study revealed amongst others that poverty, preference of male child, cultural and religious beliefs were causes of female folks low enrollment into technical education programmes in Rivers State. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others that; allowances, scholarships, employment opportunities should be given to female students in order to enhance their enrolments into technical education programmmes in Rivers State.

17-22

Authors: Febriyansyah , Jabang Nurdin

The study had been conducted on February to July 2014. It was determined the population and distribution of Collembola on litter in the three types of land used, secondary forest, rubber plantation and oil palm plantation. This study was used belt quadrat methods with measure 25 x 25 cm2. Generally, total individual of Collembola were found 248. Total Index diversity was 1.76.

34-45

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

This paper presents a new optimization algorithm called Adaptive Charged System Search Algorithm (ACA) for solving optimal power problem. Coulomb law from electrostatics and the Newtonian laws of mechanics are forming the basics of the proposed algorithm. Adaptive Charged System Search Algorithm (ACA) is a multi-agent approach in which each agent is a Charged Particle (CP) & they affect each other based on their fitness values, separation of distances. The quantity of the resultant force is determined by using the electrostatics laws and the quality of the movement is determined using Newtonian mechanics laws. Proposed Adaptive Charged System Search Algorithm (ACA) has been tested in Standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems & real power loss has been comparatively reduced with voltage profiles are within the limits.

51-58

Authors: Dr.Adam Dawria , Dr.ali Mohieldin , Dr.Fatima Alshehk , Zamzam Omer Tutu

Immunization has often been cited as one of the greatest medical success stories in human history. A cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from the period started from March 2016 to December 2016 .the study aimed to assess the missed opportunity of vaccine amongst under 24 months in Shendi locality, Total of 220 children under 2 years were been selected using convenience universal coverage for all children attending to the hospital seeking medical care, structured Questionnaire filed by their care givers. Our results revealed that, the prevalence of missed opportunity among the study population were 35% as aver all children examined, 20 % for BCG, 23% (Penta, Rota and polio vaccines), 40% for Measles 1st dose and 60% for Measles 2nd dose. These results show high percentage of dropout due to the missed opportunity from the main hospital in the Shendi locality. The main recommendations of our study are, institute primary health care unit to provide immunisation services in the teaching hospital and this is will minimize the gab of vaccine missed opportunity ,implement intensive health education programme to the local community especially rural community.

63-71

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

Refined ABC algorithm (RABC) proposed in this paper to solve the optimal reactive power problem. An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of copious swarm intelligence algorithms that employ the foraging behavior of honeybee colonies. To progress the convergence performance and search speed of finding the best solution RABC algorithm has been developed. The main objective in this problem is to minimize the real power loss and also to keep the variables within the specified limits. Proposed Refined ABC (RABC) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulations results reveal about the better performance of the proposed Refined ABC algorithm (RABC) algorithm in reducing the real power loss and the voltage profiles within the limits.

76-80

Authors: Deeksha Vishwakarma , Prof. Jyoti Kale

In this paper, we are make the experimental setup and assembled the various components such as, flats plate glass, wood, collector, inlet port and outlet port. The collector are generated the hot air with the help solar radiation. The collector are aching the air from inlet port and finally hot air are out through outlet port. We are measured the maximum outlet hot air Temperature in °C.

92-100

Authors: Tarek Khalil , Mohammad Al-Refai , Amer Nizar Fayez , Mohammed Sharaf Qudah

We established a framework to explore the feasibility of enabling big data within the customer relationship management (CRM) strategies in Oman for creating sustainable business profit nationwide. A qualitative evaluation was made based on predictive analytics convergence and big data facilitated CRM. It was found that the big data analytics can meticulously alter the competitive industrial setting, and thereby proffered notable benefits to the business organization in terms of operation, strategies, and competitiveness. Results revealed that companies must introduce analytical tools, real-time data, and hire talented as well as skilled employees to improve the productivity in consistent with the new business model. Furthermore, depending on the customer engagement, an assemblage and analysis of enormous data volume together with analytical tools was discerned to assist companies towards efficient resource allocation and capital spending. The implications of using big data for CRM in Oman and way forward were emphasized.

112-116

Authors: Anupras Shukla , Prof. Pushpraj Singh

In this paper, we are studying about solar water heater. The solar water heater are consisting of several components such as circular pipe, flexible pipe, and metallic container for water and circulating pump. We are analyzed the outlet temperatures of hot water using of various flow rate (in liters/ Minutes).

129-136

Authors: A. A. Kassimu , P. M. Gyuk , B. Ahmadu , H. O. Aboh , M. D. Dogara , H. Ali

Twelve (12) samples of water from hand-dug wells in some parts of Kaduna South and Environs were selected using a stratified random sampling. Twenty (20mils) of concentrated nitric acid were added to each two liters of the sampled water for preservation. The samples were then evaporated and counted for Gross Beta activity using MPC-2000-DP Model Gas free Proportional Counter at Centre for Energy Research and Training (CERT), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Results show that, the range of Beta activity in water in the area was 0.006 to 0.808 Bq/L, with Geometric mean of 0.120±0.077 Bq/L. The overall results show that, the Beta activity have their values below WHO recommended practical screening level of 1.0 Bq/L radioactivity for drinking water.

160-167

Authors: Dr. Yasmin Akhtar

Densities, ultrasonic velocities and viscosities of L- Valine and L- Phenylalanine in aqueous sodium bromide (0.00, 0.025 and 0.05) m solutions have been determined experimentally at 308 and 313 K. The results obtained from density ultrasonic velocity and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate the apparent molal volume, фv, apparent molal, adiabatic compressibility ф Ks, partial molal volume ф0 v at infinite dilution, partial molal adiabatic compressibility ф0 Ks at infinite dilution, transfer volume ∆ф(tr), experimental slopes Sv and SKs, Falkenhagen coefficient A and Jones-Dole B coefficient. The results are discussed in terms of the dehydration effect of the sodium bromide upon the amino acids and weak solute- solute and strong solute- solvent interactions. The properties of these amino acids in water and water + sodium bromide solution systems are discussed in terms of the charge, size and hydrogen bonding effect.

175-183

Authors: Irina Atanasova

Social entrepreneurship has to be perceived in the context of social economy. It is the production, supply and / or organization of consumption of goods with a socially significant effect. The objectives of the paper are: to define the essence of the social entrepreneurship, its relation to the other business models and the social enterprise as an organizational subject of social entrepreneursh. The institutional framework and the legal foundations of these processes in the EU and Bulgaria have been outlined. Some specific problems - institutional, legal, economic are concerned and directions are given for solving them.

197-208

Authors: Sriyeta Chakraborty , Souvagyalaxmi Sahoo, Anjana Bhagat , Sangita Dixit

The Clitoria ternatea medicinal plant deserves multipotent bioactive secondary metabolites potentials in a great deal. The aim of this study is to analyze the phytochemical, biochemical and antimicrobial activities of the different plant extracts. Extracts from the leaves and seed of Clitoria ternatea were extracted with water and methanol. Phytochemical analysis observed the presence of flavonoids, Carbohydrates, phenols, saponins, tannins, quinines, terpenoids and oxalate components in leaves and seed extract of methanol. In seeds aqueous and methanol extracts, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, amino acids, proteins, terpenoids were present. Quantitatively, seed and leaves methanol extract have good quantity of phenol, carbohydrates, tannin, flavonoid and terpenoid. Two bacterial and fungal strains were taken for antimicrobial analysis. The antibacterial study against E.coli and B.subtlis, result in the zone of inhibition which was more in case of methanol extracts. In antifungal analysis, the extracts were showed equally effective against A.niger whereas the seeds methanol extracts were little more effective against in case of P.chrysogenum. Hence, C. ternatea can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as a base in the development of new natural plant-based medicine.

214-218

Authors: L.Shobha

Education, normally one of the largest employers in any country, is one of the industries which have not undergone a technological revolution. We must help to move it out of the handicraft stage. With the terrible and growing shortage of qualified teachers all over the developing world, we must find ways to make good teachers more productive. This will involve investment in textbooks, in audio-visual materials and above all the use of modern communication techniques (radio, television and film) for teaching purposes.” This is remarked by Robert F. Me Namara, former President of the World Bank addressing the Board of Governors in 1968.What is the nature and scope of this Technological revolution” to be brought about in the industry of education as visualised by the world famous economist? Why has he emphasized the use of modern communication techniques for teaching purposes? In what way will this contribute to community education or solve the problems of the community? These are the questions that have to be pondered upon.

228-245

Authors: ZUBERU, O. Emmanuel , ILIYA, Bawa , YUSUF, Salamatu , SALIHU, O Ramat

Since the discovery of oil, there has been a drastic decline in agricultural exports as percentage of total exports declined from about 43% to slightly over 7% between 1970 and 1974, as a result of the oil price shocks of 1973 – 1974 which resulted in large receipts of foreign exchange earnings by Nigeria and the neglect of agriculture. There have been series of declines in agricultural export since the mid-1970s at an average annual decline rate of 17 percent and by 1996, agricultural export accounted for only 2 percent of total exports, hence, making Nigeria net importer of basic food stuff. With this continual decline, the agricultural sector no longer earns enough foreign exchange through exports. Hence, this study investigates implications of agricultural seed financing on increased productivity output and export earnings in Nigeria. The choice of research design employed in this study is the archival and documentary research strategy, associated with the deductive approach, which involved secondary data collection. The population comprised 16 years data on total annual financial expenditure on agricultural seed improvement, agricultural productivity output and export earnings from 2000 to 2015 (16 years). Secondary data on cumulative annual expenditure on seed financing (SIF), Agricultural productivity (AP) indicator and export earnings (EE) were employed. The findings revealed that, findings revealed that Seed improvement financing has a significant impact on increased Agricultural production output and that there is a significant relationship between Agricultural production output and increased export earnings in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that, there is need for the government to increase funding for agricultural research and also access international grants, as this will help increase variety of high yield seeds and subsequently increase agricultural production output, which will increase agro related export earnings in Nigeria.

256-262

Authors: Ananya Sarmah , Himadree Gogoi

Public Distribution System (PDS), an Indian food security system, is a means for ensuring food security to the poor and the needy. Essential commodities like rice, flour, kerosene etc., are supplied to the people under the PDS at subsidised prices. It was started with the objective to maintain price stability of essential commodities, providing access to food and other essential items at affordable prices to the population. It is important for the functioning of the PDS to be ethical in order to meet the true objectives with which this system was actually started. It has been seen that there have been a number of malpractices in the functioning of the system. This paper looks into the ethical aspects of the functioning of PDS. In doing so, customers’ point of view in respect of the overall system has been taken. And an effort has been made to bring to light any malpractice that may be occurring in the system. This paper is a descriptive one which takes a sample of 46 respondents that have been selected on the basis of the number of fair price shops in the Jamirah Gaon Panchayat Samabay Samiti of Dibrugarh district of Assam.

270-289

Authors: Alfred Egedovo , Yik-Hong Ho , Sarah Larkins , Chrispen Mushuya

Surgical training for generations has followed the example of an apprenticeship model propagated by William Halsted; teaching method of “see one, do one, teach one”. 1-3 Teaching of surgical trainee is time consuming and costly in the operating room when it involves a procedure, 4, 5 and the surgical skills acquired from operating room are of variable effectiveness because of the learning curve. 6, 7 The objective of this review is to determine if web-based training video (WBTV) is effective to supplement and /or replace the standard surgical training model (SLT). However, the value of this modality for trainees with or no laparoscopic experience is unknown.

307-312

Authors: Yong-Il Ji

Mistletoe (Viscum album L.), a plant with a partially woody stem, is a semi-parasite that lives epiphytically on the branches of a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees [1]. The stems and leaves of mistletoe are used as herbal drugs, and various commercially available preparations are formulated from the crude mistletoe plant material [1]. Mistletoe extracts are complex multicomponent herbal preparations that contain various biologically active substances such as mistletoe lectins (ML), viscotoxins, amino acids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, triterpenes, phytosterol, alkaloids, polyalcohols, and polysaccharides, the content of which may vary depending on harvest time, species of the host tree, and manufacturing process [2] [3]. The different fractions and components exhibit varying activities including cytotoxic, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory, which appear to be dose-dependent [4].

322-335

Authors: Kankanit Pisamayarom , Piyasak Chaumpluk

Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen, is considered as one of the major problems in food safety. With strong safety regulations, a monitoring measure is essential for protecting the health and safety of consumers. Thus, a reliable monitoring method is required. In this study, a rapid assay based on a combination of helicase dependent amplification (HDA) and DNA signal detection via nucleic acid hybridization in blue silver nanoplates (AgNPls) was established. The assay started directly after short term enrichment in terrific broth using cotton ball swapping technique on seafood surface. A HDA amplification of hly gene of L. monocytogenes at 65 °C allowed DNA signals to be increased, whereas the rendered DNA products were detected via nucleic acid hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe in AgNPls solution. The positive specimens induced blue silver nanoplates’ aggregation resulting in pale gray change to colorless, while the negative specimens showed the blue color of non-aggregated nanoplates. The method had a detection limit at 100 copies of L. monocytogenes DNA per 50 g of sample. This method was rapid, simple, did not require laboratory facilities and was suitable for field food safety monitoring.

361-368

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Wide-ranging vicinity Algorithm (WVA) is proposed to solve optimal reactive power problem. Wide-ranging vicinity Algorithm equally improves the local & global search. From the global search space a set of arbitrary solutions are primarily generated and then the most excellent solution will give the optimal value. After that, the algorithm will iterate, & there will be two sets of generated solutions in iteration’s, one from the global search space, the other from the set of solutions & it will be produced from the vicinity of the most excellent solution. The proposed Wide-ranging vicinity Algorithm (WVA) has been tested on standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly the superior performance of the proposed Wide-ranging vicinity Algorithm (WVA) in reducing the real power loss & voltage profiles are within the limits.

375-389

Authors: Dr.K.Lenin

In this paper, Aeriform Nebula Algorithm (ANA) has been used for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch problem. Aeriform Nebula Algorithm (ANA) is stirred from the deeds of cloud. ANA imitate the creation behavior, modify behavior and expand deeds of cloud. The projected Aeriform Nebula Algorithm (ANA) has been tested on standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results shows clearly about the superior performance of the proposed Aeriform Nebula Algorithm (ANA) in reducing the real power loss and voltage stability has been enhanced.

G.K.A. Dias *1, G. W. Wakista 2

Authors: G.K.A. Dias *1, G. W. Wakista 2

Sri Lanka’s economy is in a critical juncture and it is now in a stage transition to middle income economy. Still there are so many infrastructure facilities that have to be developed not only in villages but also in cities. Due to the lack of infrastructure facilities there are so many physical civic issues still prevail in the society. Most importantly people don’t have a proper mechanism to report these physical civic issues to the relevant authorities to get those issues fixed as the mechanism which is prevailing is outdated. Therefore there should be a proper mechanism to report the civic issues in a city or a village and monitor the solution process after directing the issue to the relevant authority. It makes the lives of the citizens much comfortable and happier. This proposed system will be a novel solution for the outdated reporting methods. A survey was done to gather the requirements for the system. This proposed solution will encourage the citizens to perform their civic duty in a more responsible manner. When the system is implemented the members of the local government can’t wait as unseen. They have to take actions for the reported issues as the entire country is in touch about the issues.

12-21

Authors: M.P.N.Pramodani *1, W.J. Wickramarachchi 2

Darunaka is a disease concerned to hair root which can be correlate with Dandruff, which is the most common cause for hair loss. It is more of a social problem and affects aesthetic value as a person with Dandruff is quite likely to feel down on the social ring. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned Darunaka under Kshudraroga’s with symptoms like rukshata, kandu, twak sphutana etc. Dandruff can occur due to air pollution, water pollution, changed life style, irregular daily regimen, poor hygiene and immune system, sweating, mental stress etc which can lead to several bacterial and fungal infections. It is a common scalp disorder affecting almost half of the population at the pre-pubertal age and of any gender and ethnicity. No population in any geographical region would have passed through freely without being affected by dandruff at some stage in their life. Shiroabhyanga, Nasya, Shirodhara , Shirobasti,Shirolepa and Siravyadha is the line of treatment for Darunaka in the classics. In traditional medicine paste of leaves of Elaeocarpus serratus and Psidium guajava are using for thousand years as a home remedy for dandruff in Sri Lanka .In spite of the present medical solutions Dandruff relapses quite often. A permanent and holistic solution is the need of the hour. Hence, this work is intended to study the efficacy of Elaeocarpus serratus and Psidium guajava leaves paste for dandruff. Thirty patients were selected; advised to apply the paste covering whole scalp area for one hour and rinse it, for a period of one month every alternative day. Signs and symptoms were assessed by using grading system and observed the significant reduction of symptoms. Considering the total treatment assessment more than 40% patients gain complete remission and 30% got marked improvement. No adverse reaction reported in this study period. It is concluded that Elaeocarpus serratus and Psidium guajava leaves paste is very beneficial to manage Dandruff.

33-42

Authors: K.Lenin 1 , B.Ravindhranath Reddy 2 , M.Surya Kalavathi 3

This paper projects Improved Baboon Algorithm (IBA) for solving the Reactive Power dispatch problem. The key feature in this problem is reduction of real power loss and to keep voltage profiles within limits. This algorithm is inspired from the tree climbing procedures of Baboons, where the Baboons look for the highest tree by climbing up from their positions. The simulation results expose amended performance of the IBA in solving an optimal reactive power dispatch problem. In order to evaluate up the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on Standard IEEE 30 bus system and compared to other stated algorithms. Simulation results show that IBA is better than other algorithms in reducing the real power loss and voltage profiles also within the limits.

59-60

Authors: Subha Ganguly

Monosodium glutamate, also known as MSG and sodium glutamate is used as a flavor enhancer especially in Chinese restaurant foods and snacks. It was first prepared in 1908 by Japanese biochemist Kikunae Ikeda, who was trying to isolate and duplicate the savory taste of edible seaweed called kombu, which is used as a base for many Japanese soups.[1

73-89

Authors: Abdelkarim Hamrita 1 , Amira Boussetta 2 , Rafael Mata Olmo 3 , Mehdi Saqalli 4 , Hichem Rejeb 5

An important part of the landscape of irrigated areas in Tunisia is the result of morphology, organization and operation of agricultural policies implemented since independence, aimed at optimizing the exploitation of the best soils and natural resources, particularly water and productive crop intensification. The sustainability of the landscape of public irrigated areas has a strong bonding with the resources of irrigation water and their states of management. The scarcity of irrigation water due to drought generates profound changes in many public irrigated areas as Chott-Mariem and Mornag, like standpoint operating (decrease of production) and land occupation (transformation of agricultural land to urban land). An investigation was carried out with farmers, leaders and policy makers, which the result was a range of measures and recommendations to promote sustainability of agricultural landscape.

111-136

Authors: Mete Kaan Kaynar 1 , Gökhan AK *2

At the outset, Europe needed to develop its defense policy and structure in line with its foreign policy while the Union was evolving in institutional enlargement process during every other 10 years of time. The reason was not behind it, but in the façade of the Union building. Otherwise the Union would not be able to enable Europe to play its full part in world affairs while the ‘security’ was gaining a key-role in the international politics and relations. Since there was a security vacuum in Europe after WW’, the US urged European states to create a sort of defence structure embedded to already-formed NATO or integrated with NATO, but including German Army in both cases. Decades had passed and in the late 1990s the European Security Defence Identity and Policy was formed up as a parallel structure to NATO systems. Eventually in the start of 2000s, the EU system turned into a Common Security and Defence Policy for member states only. This research tries to explore and analyze the effects, paradigms, prospects and coexistence possibilities of this two polar-defence-system in the Europe, that’s to say between NATO and the CFSP.

144-162

Authors: Pratiksha Singh *1, Naman Singh 2 , Gaurav Kumar 3 , Virendra Kumar 4 , Swati Dwivedi 5 , Shubhangi Dixit 6 , Srinath Pandey 7 , Ved Kumar Mishra 8 , Prashant Ankur Jain 9

Green supply chain management is defined as the process of using environmentally friendly inputs and transforming these inputs into outputs that can be reclaimed and re-used at the end of their life cycle thus, creating a sustainable supply chain. GSCM is one of the recent innovations for the enhancement of capabilities of Supply Chain Management. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a theoretical review of Green supply chain management (GSCM). The assessment involved 144 research articles published in 48 selected journals between 1998 and 2013. The methodology of empirical research involved selection and classification of 144 research articles in GSCM. A systematic classification and a critical analysis is carried out so as to identify research gaps in content of GSCM, as well as to recommend directions for future research. It is concluded from the analysis of the results that research in GSCM is increasing at a faster rate than ever; with theory building more in focus than verification. Furthermore, a new taxonomy was proposed on the basis of content and research methodology utilised. Based on this taxonomy, significant trends were observed and some unique inferences were drawn, apart from identifying the directions for future research. There have been a couple of literature reviews in GSCM but none of them focused exclusively on research methodology in GSCM. Also the sample size with respect to the number of papers (144 papers), as well as number of journals (48 journals), is larger than ever considered for literature review in GSCM. The papers spans a longer time period of 16 years (1998-2013).

183-197

Authors: Prof Trilok Nath Shukla

Most recently a national mission on financial inclusion called “PRADHAN MANTRI JAN - DHAN YOJANA” was launched on the 28th of August 2014. Under the direct supervision of the Indian Prime Minister and the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, the objective of this mission is to enroll over 70 million households and open their bank accounts along with providing them as a first step a RuPay debit card with a Rs. 1,00,000/- accident cover. In the due course of time the plan is to also cover these account holders with insurance and pension products. About 60% of the population in India does not have access to a bank account. PMJDY aims at providing bank account to single household above the age of 10 years who do not have bank account and will be opened with zero balance. The household opening the account will be benefited with one lakh accidental cover and Thirty Thousand life cover without premium. People opening account under this scheme will also avail overdraft facility up to five thousand from the bank after satisfactory conduct of the account for 6 months. In this paper the trends of opening account in different sectors of banks like Pubic sector, private sector and regional rural banks has been studied.

206-213

Authors: Manjunatha M K. 1 , Dr.T.P.Renukamurthy 2

For banking employees around the globe, stress on the job can be a challenge; stress can be sometimes positive and sometimes negative. Positive stress leads to productivity and negative stress leads to loss for the organization. There is already a certain level of stress in Banking employees work life and then encounter even more stress arising from the work pressure that Banking employees face on the job. Many employees cannot cope with such rapid changes taking place in the jobs. Role conflict, Service for customer, contribution, rapid technological change, lack of customer response is the great transaction of stress for the banking workers. The aim of this research is to understand roots and outcomes of job stress on the employee performance in banking sector.

230-238

Authors: Sayantan Gupta

The technology of Quantum Green Computing has been discussed in this paper. It also discusses the need of the many implementation techniques and approaches in relation with Fog-Cloud Computing. Moreover, we would like to introduce the latest algorithms like Stack Algorithm, Address Algorithm and many others which will help in the analysis of Green-Quantum Computing Technology in the modern society and would create a technological revolution. With the Internet of Things rising in the modern world time, new security issues have also been developed. So, our proposed Model the Fog-Things Model will help us to determine the security issues and indeed secure the entire IoT network.

258-262

Authors: Rishi Panday 1 , Prashant Srivastava 2

Mental health is an issue which touches the lives of many people worldwide. This often affects not only the person themselves but also their family and friends. The way in which society deals with mental health issues raises many human rights points for example in relation to service provision, treatment, assessment and civil detention, protection and empowerment. The simplest way of defining human rights is that they are about balancing the inalienable rights of all of us as human beings within the community regardless of differences in birth, social origin, gender, physical differences, faith and belief, ideology, nationality and so on. There can be no disagreement with the universally acclaimed truth that human dignity is the quintessence of human rights. This article shows lights on concept of human rights and to know how it is a pathway in mental health settings.

282-290

Authors: Pramodani MPN *1 , Wickramarachchi WJ 2

Walking in irregular or uneven ground, Structural deformity of foot, Excessive strain on heels etc lead to vitiation of Vata dosha. Aggravated Vata is lodged in ankle joint, especially in dependent parts like heel and hence the pain is caused due to reduced strength of muscles and joints. ‘Kantaka’ refers to thorn. The pricking pain felt due to vitiated Vata is termed as Vata kantaka. This condition is usually seen in the case with calcaneus spur. Symptoms are Pain in heel and surrounding region. Pain is more evident soon after waking up in the morning and if the patient stands up, After a long rest and Increase in heel pain on standing for long time, running and walking. According to previous researches Planter heel pain is the most prevalent complaint to presenting foot and ankle specialists and may be seen in upwards of 11 % to 15% of adults. So it is the need of hour to focus effective practices which yields good results. In the present study thirty patients were selected and treated with Pinda Thaila Abyanga, Rasnadi sweda followed by application of Hinguadi lepa mentioned in Traditional medicine in Sri Lanka, daily for one month. The assessment was carried out on the basis of relief found in the cardinal signs and symptoms of the disease adopting scoring, depending upon their severity. Significant reduction in pain was seen at the end of the study with P value of < 0.05. Also there was reduction in other symptoms such as cracks, pruritus, burning sensation and laxity of skin over the foot .There were no adverse effects reported during the study. Therefore it can be concluded that the selected treatment modality is beneficial in managing Vata kantaka.

295-303

Authors: Soroush Niknamian *1 , Mehrandokht Nekavand 2

Fats, as part of the human dietary regime are a concentrated source of energy. Animals contain saturated and plants contain unsaturated type of fatty acids. In this prospective research, the role of animal saturated fatty acids is highlighted and is proven to be a rational dietary source for the human diet. Saturated fats consumption is a wise choice in order to reduce the coronary heart disease risk, although it is believed in an opposite way. Researching through the healthiest tribes and knowing the biological function of saturated fats, and considering that eukaryotic cells need saturated fats to function properly, made this research important to conclude the rational dietary choice of edible fats and oils.

316-331

Authors: Dr. Pankaj Kumar

The purpose of the study is to examine how often customers interact with different types of retail formats. A structured questionnaire was successfully distributed to 600 respondents, who had made purchases from sixty retail formats operated in Delhi and Gurugram belonging to the domain of Shopping Malls, Hypermarket, Supermarket, Department Stores, Discount stores and Category Killers through systematic stratified sampling for the collection of data. To segment the customer groups for each of the four retail formats (shopping mall, supermarket, department store, and category killer) based on demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, occupation, and income), a two-way ANOVA was used on the shopping frequency of the respondents. The Chi-square (χ2) test was also used to test the significant differences in shopping motives, companion during their visit, whether a planned or unplanned shopping trip, the staying time in a retail format of the respondents based on their gender and age. The study found that gender and age, gender and occupation, and gender and education are more or less equally important factors, whereas gender and marital status, and gender and income were not found important factors in affecting store visits. The study also found the behavioral aspect of retail customers in many ways. First, their visits to the stores were primarily driven by purchase needs, either window shopping or making actual purchases followed by eating. Second, more people prefer to visit these stores along with their friends or family; this result contributes to that being accompanied by others (Companion), shoppers more likely to buy food and less likely to buy non-food products.

355-361

Authors: Dr. Anjali Pandey

Puppetry is the indigenous theatre of India. From times immemorial it has been the most popular and well appreciated form of entertainment available to the village people.

368-375

Authors: Panida Khruawan *1, Nutprapha K. Dennis

The purposes of this study were to investigate students’ achievement in reading comprehension taught by Content-Based Instruction (CBI) Approach and to study the attitude of students through the approach. The samples of this study were fifty of grade ten students who enrolled English course at Khowangwittayakhom School, Yasothorn. The samples were selected by a simple random sampling. The instrument used in this study consisted of ten content-based instruction lesson plans, reading pre-test and post-test, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed statistically in the form of t-test, arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The research findings as the effectiveness of English reading after using Content-Based Instruction Approach in teaching was significantly higher than before teaching at critical level 0.05 and the students’ attitude toward using Content-Based Instruction Approach was at a good level.

386-394

Authors: Dr. Alka Mittal

Bitcoin is a virtual currency that is created from computer code. It has no central bank and is not backed by any government. But it can be exchanged for goods and services or for any other currencies. They were launched in 2009 as a bit of software written under the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The present paper analyse the Indian Tax and legal considerations regarding Bit coins. It also analyse the problems and risks related with Bitcoins.

399-411

Authors: Jose Manuel Elija Guamba

The article discusses factors that influence the preparation and responses in the general cycle of emergencies and disasters (environmental contexts, social, political, economic, cultural and institutional) integrating psychological, social and physical knowledge about sustainability, vulnerability and risks. The conflict between development, poverty, the environment and peace has become one of the biggest evidence of the human current difficulties. Mankind has not only of the achievements and benefits of development; but also, the undesirable effects produced by this, as social inequalities, poverty, environmental degradation and weakening of the sense of community, otherness and security. For Vieira (2005, p. 333) "harmonization of relationships that humans have with nature and the obstinate struggle by the pacification of relations between human beings constitute the two sides of the same coin." The idea of sustainable development has a chance to overcome the end envisioned. But there are those who preach the need for a paradigm shift in the concept. In today's society it is the eminence of unsustainability is global economic, social or environmental. A "cultural mutation" is necessary for sustainable development if organize around the following key relationships: with nature, with time, between citizens, and with the authority of the State. Pol (2002, p. 296) warns that, you can understand why sustainability, has "... a strong load of change of individual and social behavior and therefore requires knowledge of social and psychosocial processes involved." Thus, sustainable development requires action that can be called generically of participatory management and environmental education (awareness and availability of resources that lead to the development of habits and skills), to achieve shared social values from the formulation of plans and programmes aimed at changing behaviors and eradication of poverty.

420-429

Authors: Sunant Rueangsanam *1, Nutprapha K. Dennis 2

This study analyzed parts of speech found in forty Aesop’s fables with specific attention to the categories and frequencies of nouns and verbs used. This study aimed to analyze the most used of nouns and verbs in the stories. The material used in the forty selected Aesop’s fable from the website entitled http://www.bbc.co.uk. An analysis of the types of words was done using the program entitled https://open.xerox.com as an instrument for collecting data. The statistics used in data collection was percentage. The results of the study showed that there were two types of nouns and two types of verb in the selected Aesop fables. “Common Nouns” was the most commonly used with a frequency of 95.47%, and “action verbs” were the most commonly used with a frequency of 83.62%. Furthermore, “gerund” was also found in these Aesop fables. Comprehending types of words will help strengthen reading efficiency, reduce confusion of words usage as well as for readers to fully enjoy reading.