International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-13

Authors: Gayani Ranasinghe,1 Susantha Amarawickrama,2 Rangajeewa Rathnayake3

Walkability was an essential consideration in city planning before the industrialization. But with the development of traffic and transportation planning, automobile priority cities neglect pedestrians and walkways. The quality of the neighboring environment plays a major role in encouraging people to walk when attending their daily needs and thereby people can have enough daily exercises which cause to improve good health. Although past studies have identified a relationship between neighborhood design factors and the level of walkability, this interdependence is poorly understood in urban planning in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this study is to determine factors and conditions that influence walkability in selected two urban neighborhoods in Sri Lanka and to develop two models to compare what design factors enhance walkability for the towns of Panadura and Maharagama. Ninety two (92) factors that affect the walkability in urban neighborhood were identified as the findings of the literature review of this study. Seventy six (76) walkability factors identified through perception surveys were examined within a 100m radius of 70 buffered circles representing 140 participants’ residences in Panadura through a questionnaire survey and field observations. The same factors were examined and questionnaire surveys were carried out within a 100m radius of 50 buffered circles representing 100 participants’ residences in Maharagama. Chi-square and Bivariate correlation analysis were carried out to identify the most decisive factors for walkability. Multiple Regression analysis was applied to develop models to assess the level of walkability of residents in above selected two urban neighborhoods based on the most significant factors. The findings of Panadura area reveals that people’s level of walkability depends not only on built environment factors but also on some factors which are directly linked to “safety” namely feeling of personal safety, availability of unattended dogs on road , reported road accidents, people present on road and houses with opened windows facing either side of the road. Second priority was given to the factors related to the “convenience and comfort”, such as paving treatment of sidewalk, width of sidewalk, quality of the maintenance of road, less foul air and clearance of the route. In Maharagama area, people’s level of walkability mainly depends on the factors relevant to “convenience and comfort” such as availability of variety of activities either side of road (vendors, playing children on streets ect), width of sidewalk and availability of shade & cover from harsh climate. The methodology and the findings of this study will be helpful to urban designers and town planners to identify the factors that affect to enhance the level of walkability in different urban neighborhoods and to create healthy and livable cities in the context of Sri Lanka.

21-25

Authors: Siddhi Khamitkar

Cloud computing is an ever-growing field in today‘s era. With the accumulation of data and the advancement of technology, a large amount of data is generated every day. Storage, availability and security of the data form major concerns in the field of cloud computing. With the beginning of virtualisation, data centre networking is reaching a high level of management. Interconnection in the data centres is not just based on practical knowledge but also on the traffic present in the particular network and the traffic engineering concerns. Scalability is a major concern for cloud service providers and data centre managers. Many researchers have proposed scalable ethernet as a solution for scalability but complex networking is a drawback for the scalable ethernet. Specific wiring topologies needed can create problems in deployment, network switch configuration. Network today, is the bottleneck which prevents businesses from realising the benefits of the information infrastructure. In this paper, various network protocols are discussed for multipathing and an insight is also given to view the improvisations from traditional data centres to the present day real time data centres. In this paper, we discuss about protocols such as LISP, MPTCP, TRILL, SPAIN, spanning trees and various other technologies, their proposals and the protocols used.

38-42

Authors: Tanuja Lohnari1, Suvarna Patil2, Sarika Patil3

In today’s world smart phones have become ubiquitous. Due to their attributes such as mobility, instant connectivity, convenience, personalization, location awareness, smart phones have gained huge acceptance from all walks of life. Smart phones of this era are equipped with multi-core processors providing massive onboard processing power and are equipped with large storage capacity, and open operating systems. Mobile apps have become so popular because of their simplicity, user friendliness, speed, and portability. They make the required information available at fingertips to the user, wherever and whenever required. Mobile Apps have encompassed many areas including m-commerce, entertainment, advertisement, education, as well as healthcare. The far and wide reach of mobile devices and ease of use of mobile applications has made them a perfect choice for medical professionals. Mobile healthcare apps are increasingly being adapted to mainstream. Most commonly used apps in clinical practice can be listed as drug guides, medical calculators, coding and billing apps, pregnancy wheels, etc. These apps are revolutionizing the delivery of healthcare services across the globe and increasingly proving beneficial for chronic disease management, lifestyle interventions, and behavioral therapy.

53-59

Authors: Mr. Mahendra M. Kapadnis1, Mr. Prashant B. Koli2

High utility itemsets refer to the sets of items with high utility like profit in a database, and efficient mining of high utility itemsets plays a crucial role in many real-life applications and is an important research issue in data mining area. Mining high utility itemsets (HUIs) from large amount of databases is an essential data mining job, which refers to the finding of itemsets with high utilities or values (e.g. high profits). However, it may possible that exist too many HUIs to users, which also reduces the efficiency of the mining process. To accomplish high efficiency for the mining job and to provide a summarizing mining result to users from large amount of databases, we propose a new and innovative framework in this paper for mining closedþ high utility itemsets (CHUIs), which functions as a compact and lossless representation of HUIs. We propose three capable algorithms named AprioriCH (Apriori-based algorithm for mining High utility Closed þ itemsets), AprioriHC-D (AprioriHC algorithm with Discarding unpromising and isolated items) and CHUD (Closed þ High Utility Itemset Discovery) to find this representation. Later on, a scheme called DAHU (Derive All High Utility Itemsets) is proposed to recuperate all HUIs from the set of CHUIs without accessing the original database. Results which obtain from real and synthetic datasets indicates that the proposed algorithms are very efficient and that our methodologies reach a massive decrease in the number of HUIs. In addition, when all HUIs can be recuperated by DAHU, the combination of CHUD (Closed þ High Utility Itemset Discovery) and DAHU (Derive All High Utility Itemsets) overtakes the state-of-the-art algorithms for mining HUIs.

66-78

Authors: Manoj Kumar

Authentication of a message is a great research challenge in today’s advanced wire and wireless communication. Cryptographic hash functions are used to protect the authenticity of information. Some of the most popular and commonly used cryptographic hash algorithms are MD5 and SHA1. These hash algorithms are used in a wide variety of security applications e.g. securing node/message in traditional networks. However, the commonly used hash algorithms require huge computational overhead which is not affordable by applications in energy-starved network e.g. wireless sensor network (WSN). In these applications the major constraints are communication, computation and storage overheads; out of which communication and computation overheads consume high energy. Keeping this fact in mind, in this work, a light-weight, one-way, cryptographic hash algorithm is suggested with a target to produce a hash-digest with fixed and relatively small length for such an energy-starved wireless network. The primary focus is making the algorithm light-weight so that upon using it in application of network like WSN, the nodes can successfully run the algorithm with low energy. It is suggested that such algorithm must fulfill all the basic properties such as preimage resistance, collision resistance of a one-way hash function. The proposed algorithm is developed using NS2 simulation tool and results were compared with MD5 and SHA1.

92-98

Authors: Hemant Shrivastava1, Mrs. Rachana Rajpal2, Utsav Malviya3

In scientific research organizations like Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), Data Acquisition system is widely used for acquiring signal emanated from sensors in different systems. Thus multifunction board is designed which acquires as well as generate analog voltage. The hardware consists of ADC, DAC, FPGA and Ethernet controller. The control signal for interfacing Ethernet controller, ADC and DAC is generated in FPGA. The data is transferred from board to host PC through Ethernet. The software for acquisition is developed in LabVIEW. The present work proposes a simple, robust multifunctional data acquisition with industrial standards for isolation and compactness. It is suitable for slow sampling analog data acquisition where data accuracy and resolution is more important than the rate of sampling.

112-117

Authors: 1K.Mohanaprakash, 2G.Kalaiarasi, 3T.Manikandan, 4S.Menaga,

In certain situations people need to go some places without having any previous knowledge about the locality. This condition may occur when the place is not visited ever before, or even when there is not any available sources to situate them in the current position. In those cases, the marks of the environment are essential for achieving the area. The same condition may happen for an autonomous machine i.e., robot. This kind of robots must be talented of solving this problem in a talented way. In order to do this, the robot must use the resources present in their atmosphere. This paper offers a RFID based system, which has been developed to guide and give important information to an autonomous robot. This robot will detect the patient’s abnormal condition and it immediately communicates it to the doctor. This system has been implemented in a real indoor environment and it has been successfully proved in the autonomous and social robot. At the end of the paper some experimental results, carried out inside the hospital building, are discussed.

128-134

Authors: Horande Manoj Shivraj (1), N. Kapilan (2)

This paper presents the results of FEA analysis carried for domestic split unit air conditioner system outdoor unit. In the current investigation dynamic analysis is carried out to know the natural frequency of the outdoor unit to check the resonance. So what is resonance?-The resonance is phenomena which is occur due to matching of natural frequency with the external excitation frequency, Due to this we can observe high amplitude of vibration and it leads to failure. In the current work the external excitation is due to AC fan motor and air compressor. The current work is carried out using software tools CATIA, HYPRMESH, NASTRAN and HYPERVIEW. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is the most commonly used numerical technique, which provides accurate estimates of vibration parameters for these classes of problem. In this work it is found that the natural frequency does not match with excitation frequency. This results in the normal operation of split unit air conditioner system outdoor unit.

140-146

Authors: Karamjeet Kaur1, Kiran Bala2,

The data mining techniques and applications are marked as important field in the data mining which we used in this paper. These are very helpful to understand the concept of data mining. Even beginners’ are understand it very easily The concept of data mining was summarized and its significance towards its methodologies was illustrated. With the wide application of business intelligence in corporate, the demand for data mining software increases daily. To improve the efficiency and quality of the reusing data mining software and reduce the period and cost of developing data mining application system .Data Warehouse is today’s biggest need so it’s very important to learn about this, and we are trying to give our best to make people understand about data ware house and data mining by this paper.

155-163

Authors: Mr. Vijay Kapure, Prof. K.M.Mahajan

In this paper review has been taken on technical loss reduction technique that can be implemented by improving ratio of HT to LT lines. In this technique of loss reduction secondary distribution network is minimized as possible as such that the ratio of HT lines to LT lines is higher. As this ratio increases we can see a lot reduction in technical losses in electrical distribution system. The advantage of this review paper is to see the improvement in supply quality and reliability. In these technique first losses in existing distribution network in which L.T. line is higher than H.T. line has been calculated. Then L.T. line network is dismantled. H.T. line network is erected in place of L.T. line network. The high capacity distribution transformers in existing Low tension lines are also replaced by nos. of low capacity distribution transformers. The L.T. conductor is also replaced with fine quality high voltage conductor. Then losses are calculated when this H.T. network is in system. The savings of energy is calculated in terms of units. Then it is converted in terms of rupees. Capex fund required for dismantling of existing Low tension lines and erection of new H.T. line network. Rate of Revenue Return is finally calculated with the help of these figures i.e. Energy saved in terms of rupees and capital expenditure required to implement this project. We also take a review on improvement of line voltage at far end consumer. In Low tension lines we always face a problem of voltage regulation. The voltage at consumer nearby to distribution transformer center is high and it goes on decreasing as we move towards the tail end consumer of L.T. line. The voltage at last consumer is below the standards that must be supplied as per electricity regulation authority. We can see the constant voltage for each and every consumer in this high tension distribution network. In this paper we can also review on reliability of supply. In Low tension lines erection of L.T. lines is such that the distance between Phase to Phase conductors is low as compared to distance maintained at high voltage distribution network. Due to less distance in windy and rainy atmosphere conductors comes in contact with each other and phase to phase fault occurs frequently in Low tension lines. In case of high voltage distribution network the distance is higher due to which chances of conductors touching to each other are less and hence reliability of supply is also maintained. Another advantage of distribution of electricity at high voltage is that less nos. of consumers are affected in case of failure of distribution transformer.

168-173

Authors: Naina Mahajan., Dr. Bikram Pal Kaur

The purpose of traffic accident analysis is to find the possible causes of accidents. Road accidents cannot be totally prevented but by suitable traffic engineering and management the accident rate can be reduced to a certain extent. This paper discusses the classification techniques C4.5and ID3 using the WEKA Data mining tool. These techniques use on the NH (National highway) dataset. With the C4.5 and ID3 technique it gives best results and high accuracy with less computation time and error rate.

181-187

Authors: Varsha Yadav*, Prof. Neha Verma**

Due to the excessive use of multimedia application in our daily life it becomes very much crucial for us to secure our multimedia information and copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technique which is used to protect the information from illegal allocation of audio, video or image. This technique is used in so many applications such as authentication, copyright protection, medical application etc. Various techniques has been developed yet to protect the copyright information and also for authentication like wavelet transform, least significant bit(LSB), SVD and SVD-DWT etc. In this paper we present the literature study about previously work done and also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of the digital watermarking techniques with their explanation.

196-213

Authors: Odesa David Emudiaga 1, Adewale Dosunmu2 , Ossia C. Victor2

This research work was carried out to study the dynamics of torsional and lateral vibrations and its impact on directional drilling. Harmonic and modal finite element analyses were adopted for the obvious advantage that it is able to approximate the real structure with a finite number of degrees of freedom. The damping effect of drilling mud and friction between drillstring and the wellbore were also considered. The deductions and findings were used to detect, analyze and mitigate against torsional and lateral drillstring vibrations

222-227

Authors: Rupesh Rathore1, Lalitesh Sinha2, Anand Kumar Raghuwanshi2

The rate of growth of vehicles is increasing rapidly in developing cities. This situation makes the city to be congested on roads and on intersection. In Indore private vehicles are increasing. As the vehicles are increasing the congestion at roundabout also increases. This study leads to redesign the roundabout or to provide suitable alternative at intersection. We have just study about a site (Radisson square Indore) and concluded that the Radisson square intersection has more traffic than its capacity .therefore it is necessary to redesign it or to provide suitable alternative.

235-241

Authors: G. Siva Praveena1 P.V.V. Prasada Rao2

Soil pollution is one of the grave consequences of the inevitable municipal solid waste dumping especially in a country like India which is one among the densely populated. The developing trend of industrialization and modernization is generating tons of solid waste of different categories posing severe environmental threat. The activities of both the developed and developing countries are equally affecting the soil fertility. Though there are many factors affecting the soil characteristics the unscientific disposal and dumping of solid waste has become one of the major concerns due to the irreversible leachate affect. In this context a comprehensive knowledge on the soil fertility and the extent of soil contamination is very much awaited aspect. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of leaching on the soil physico-chemical properties of an active dumpsite in Visakhapatnam.

247-250

Authors: Nikeetaa P. Choudharri1,Prof. Shripadrao Biradar2

Cloud computing is extremely well known in associations and foundations on the grounds that it gives stockpiling and computing administrations at low cost. Nonetheless, it additionally presents new difficulties for guaranteeing the confidentiality, integrity and access control of the information. Some methodologies are given to guarantee these security prerequisites however they are needed in a few routes, for example, infringement of information confidentiality because of plot assault and substantial calculation (because of substantial no keys). To address these issues we propose a plan that uses threshold cryptography in which information proprietor partitions clients in gatherings and gives single key to each client bunch for decoding of information and, every client in the gathering shares parts of the key. In this paper, we utilize ability rundown to control the access. This plan not just gives the solid information confidentiality additionally lessens the quantity of keys.

256-161

Authors: Raminderjit Kaur, Navjot jyoti

In this work image segmentation is used to find the region of interest (ROI). In this process image is divided into different segments. The segments have to be divided on the basis of the similarity. The images used for this has to be segmented in a proper way so that hidden information from medical images can be extracted. The main problem in segmentation is that after segmentation the edges and the logical information from images get dispersed. To overcome the issue of the image segmentation the penalty based fuzzy c-mean clustering has been implement which segment the regions of the image on the basis of penalty value defined in the algorithm. For increase the performance of a particular algorithm artificial intelligence approaches have to be implement that optimize the results of the purposed algorithm by using fitness evaluation for each value of the image.

273-279

Authors: Jesna fathima, Dr.S.Ambareesh

One of the main issues with the wireless sensor network is its data transmission rate. Latest technology of compressive sensing (CS) is a main research area under development. Compressive Sensing (CS) will reduce the rate of data transmissions and it can balance the traffic load along the whole networks. After all, while using the pure compressive sensing the total number of transmissions for data collection will be high. Inorder to cut short the rate of transmissions in sensor networks, hybrid method of Compressive Sensing (CS) is used. A light weight Enhanced Lossless Entropy Compression algorithm is used minimizing the amount data in sensor network. The major concern is security in WSN, So an advanced SET-IBS protocol is used to make the data efficient and more secure. This light weight algorithm will consumes less energy during the encryption and decryption of the data. This encryption takes less energy and therefore it is helpful to make the WSN efficient. In this survey, main focus is on optimization of energy in terms of lightweight security and compression techniques which reduces the complexity of Wireless Sensor network.

284-291

Authors: Juhi Sharma *, Prof. Neha Verma**

Nowadays for de-noising the cardiac syndrome electrocardiogram (ECG) technique is used which record the result in form of waves or signal by using ECG tool but this includes various artifacts (motion) , noise and baseline wander which becomes very essential for us to extract or remove for better clinical result which helps in treatment of the patient. There are various techniques has been proposed or implemented for de-noising the signal for medical purpose such as wavelet transform, and neural network etc. In this we present the literature study of the previously developed technique and algorithm with their advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss the different performance measuring parameter of electrocardiogram.

301-304

Authors: 1- Sonali Singh( 2- Mr. Manish Trivedi

Modular adder is one of the key components for the application of residue number system (RNS). Moduli set with the form of 2n +1 can offer excellent balance among the RNS channels for multi-channels RNS processing. As one of the processor's ALU performance issues, the carry propagation during the addition operation limits the speed of arithmetic operation. In this paper review on 2n +1 addition in the residue number system. The architecture design of CCS modular adder is simple and regular for various bit-width inputs. The review modulo adder in the aforementioned paper consists of a dual-sum carry look-ahead (DS-CLA) adder, a circular carry generator, and a multiplexer, which can reduce both number of slice and maximum combination path delay (MCPD).

309-314

Authors: Bairy Srinivas

In the design of an automobile, the most important task is to minimize the occurrence and consequences of automobile accidents. Too many passengers die or injure every year because of accidents. Most of the vehicle manufacturing companies are unable to control these accidents. We are coming across the many accidents which were the result of poor designing and maintenance. The vehicles should have active safety system which will avoid the accidents as much as possible and passive safety system which will reduce the damage and loss of lives. The spring damper system is a passive safety system which will decrease the impact of accident. In this systems spring will store the energy and damper will dissipate the energy. This spring damper system reduces the impact of accident by increasing the time of collision as the spring needs some time to compress it totally. In this to check the amount of reduction in impact force when two bodies collide is analyzed with the spring damper system and without the spring damper system. The Impact force is significantly reduced with the spring damper system.

327-332

Authors: Ms. Jayassre Ramakrishnan 1, Dr. P P Vaidya2,

Ultra Capacitors(UC) have large energy density, high power density, high capacitance in the order of farads coupled with low equivalent series resistance (ESR) and low rated voltages. Standard measurement devices like LCR meters, etc., are not suitable for measurement of capacitance of Ultra capacitors as the measurement ranges of these devices are much narrower. This paper proposes a Digital meter for measuring Capacitance of Ultra Capacitor using Charge-discharge method

339-345

Authors: Mr. Nischaykumar Hegde1, Mr. Pramod Kumar P M2

Round Robin, considered as the most widely adopted CPU scheduling algorithm, undergoes severe problems directly related to quantum size. If time quantum chosen is too large, the response time of the processes is considered too high. On the other hand, if this quantum is too small, it increases the overhead of the CPU due to frequent context switches. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on a new approach called dynamic-time-quantum estimation intending to reduce the number of context switches among processes and offering optimal response time. The idea of this approach is to make the operating systems adjust the time quantum according to the second maximum (S_MAX) burst time of the set of waiting processes in the ready queue. A register is maintained for storing S_MAX, named as Second Max. Register (SMR). Based on the simulations and experiments, we show that the proposed algorithm solves the fixed time quantum problem and improvises the performance of Round Robin.

352-359

Authors: Purabi Sen a, Mahabir Dixit , R Chitra

Change in geotechnical behaviour of fine grained soils under the influence of inorganic salts depends on the chemistry of the soil constituents and the pore fluid. The modification of soil behaviour largely depends upon the clay particles which belongs to size 0.002 mm and less and it is unique in nature. The different nature of clay is due to net electrical charge on them. In general, clay particles surface are negatively charged and its edges are positively charged. To preserve electrical neutrality the negative charge of the clay particle is balanced by the attraction of cations which are held between the layers, and on the surface of the particles. The charged clay surface together with the counter–ions in the pore water form diffuse double layer. Furthermore, the double layer is influenced by the valency of the counter–ions and the temperature. Use of salt solution as pore fluid generally causes decrease in liquid limits. The higher the cation valance, higher decrease in liquid limits.

366-378

Authors: Vivek Vardhan Bariki1

In this paper, we have developed a block cipher by modifying the Hill cipher. In this, the plain text matrix P is multiplied on both the sides by the key matrix. Here, the size of the key is 512 bits and the size of the plain text is 2048 bits. As the procedure adopted here is an iterative one, and as no direct linear relation between the cipher text C and the plain text P can be obtained, the cipher cannot be broken by any cryptanalytic attack.

389-394

Authors: Rajnikant Prasad1, Rangari P J2, Dilendra Jasutkar3

The majority of disease spreads through the sources of water and the waste produced should to be treated before it is finally disposed-off in the open or in the natural water body for its further purification by self-purification process. In the area where there is unavailability of the treatment plant for the treatment in wastewater treatment plant as the cost of construction is very high and in such cases the water is directly thrown in the open land and this wastewater reaches the underground water table and contaminating the whole aquifer of the water present in that area and as there is unavailability of water treatment plant so people in such areas use the underground water directly causing various water borne disease. In such areas where the cost is one of the major factor, there the constructed wetland can be use very effectively as the cost of construction and maintenance is very low and can serve as an effective mean of treatment of domestic waste water.

400-402

Authors: Mr. Akash J. Wadate

With day to day increase in the number of mobile applications there is an analogous increment in the mobile threats. For such kinds of threats to mobile devices there should be some security mechanism to be implemented. In this proposed system in order to improve the security of the mobile apps one methodology is proposed which will evaluate the mobile applications security based on the cloud computing platform and data mining. Here also a prototype system named Malware detection system is presented to identify the mobile app’s virulence or benignancy. Compared with traditional method, such as permission pattern based method, Malware combines the dynamic and static analysis methods to comprehensively evaluate an Android app. In the implementation, Android Security Evaluation Framework (ASEF) and Static Android Analysis Framework (SAAF) are adopted , the two representative dynamic and static analysis methods to evaluate the Android apps and estimate the total time needed to evaluate all the apps stored in one mobile app market. As mobile app market serves as the main line of defense against mobile malwares, the evaluation results show that it is practical to use cloud computing platform and data mining to verify all stored apps routinely to filter out malware apps from mobile app markets.

409-418

Authors: Ode .T. and Eluozo S.N.

Stress- strain relationship are normally established in concrete to monitor various rate of compression of strength, higher concrete strength has been generated from other type of aggregates size, but the application of locally occurring 3/8 gravel has not been thoroughly evaluated to determine its strength rate, the effectiveness of these materials are determined on the way it is used in construction projects, the study of monitoring it stress –strain relationship were carried out to express the developed compressive strength applying these local material, the rate of its effective in construction will determined it economic values to maximize cost in project, when it has attained higher concrete strength like others. The study of monitoring these relationship were carried out through experimental set up, the generated values were also calibrated to generate model equation, the resolved equations generated theoretical values, these results were compared with measured values, both parameters express best fits validating the model, the stress – strain relationship express its values base on the mix proportions, designed variations including curing methods and age. These condition influences the behaviour of the stress –strain relationship as it is express in all the graphical representation.

426-229

Authors: Dr. Rajesh Mehta, Parul Kumar

The aim of this study was to analyze the soil nutrients with time on the area of Kaliasote Dam during season 2006-2007. A total of 10 samples were taken from different sites of Bhopal (M.P.) The soil parameters analyzed included the soil pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, total nitrogen, organic carbon and phosphorous. Results showed that soil parameters varied a little during the whole year.

437-442

Authors: Manoj Kumar Bishwkarma *1, Kapil Vyas2

Load Balancing is play import role in cloud computing related to performance. Cloud computing efficiency and performance depend of Load Balancer. Two type of load balancer used in cloud computing first is static load balancer in which number of recourse, cloudlet, VM, and datacenter are fixed, Second is dynamic load balancer in which number of recourse, cloudlet, VM, and datacenter are changed at run time. There are many loads balancing algorithm such as FCFS, Round Robin and Priority based. In This paper we used combination of Round Robin and Shortest job First algorithm. This combination improves efficiency and performance of load balancing in cloud computing environment. We implement proposed algorithm with the help of CloudSim 3.0 under VM scheduling policies.

454-461

Authors: Aaditya Jain

In the present age mobility has become so pervasive that it influences all networking. New communication technologies are evaluated by accessing their potential role in the Internet. Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) has become one of the most prevalent areas of research in the recent years because of the challenges it pose to the related protocols. It enables users to communicate without any physical infrastructure regardless of their geographical location, because of this feature, this is called infrastructure-less network. MANETS are more vulnerable to various types of attacks like blackhole, grayhole, flooding etc than wired networks due to open medium, dynamically changing network topology, cooperative algorithms, lack of centralized monitoring and lack of clear line of defense. The security issues in MANET are mostly concentrated in two parts establishing secure route and securely data transmission. This paper is a simulation based study of DSR on demand MANET routing protocol by using Network Simulator tool NS 2 in the presence of various routing attacks as mentioned above. Basically we emphasis on three performance matrices i.e. packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay and average throughput and based on this we analyze the performance of the DSR routing protocol.

484-489

Authors: Rushikesh C. Nere1, Prof. Pravin S. Game2

Data is being generated by everything around us at all times. Every digital resource and social media operations produces it. Mobile devices, systems and sensors carry it. Data Analytics is an emerging technology in every area where large amount of data is generated. It helps business organizations to forecast the generated data (structured or unstructured) and to make proper strategies and decisions to prevent any kind of loss to them. Nowadays, online stores, banks continuously generate huge amount of data. Processing of this data takes significant amount of time. Hence, what online stores and banks need is to acquire the capability to process their big data in lesser time. This is easily possible, with the help of high-performance analytics solutions. This paper aims to implement high performance analytics solution using in-memory analytics and hadoop technology which detects fraudulent transactions and does customer behaviour analysis. Use of in-memory analytics reduces the processing and response time and generates faster results. On the other hand, hadoop is to be used for large scale data processing in parallel. Also, Hive is used on the top of hadoop for extracting structured data and analyzing the big data by processing queries and using map-reduce functions internally.

498-501

Authors: S.V. Lutade1, V.R.Khawale2, Krishna Vishwakarma3

This paper present the influence of variable compression ratio on emission using single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The measurement is carried out for the compression ratio for 15.5, 17.5 and 18 with varying loads. The performance character such as brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, brake power for emission like HC, NOx, CO. The effect of variable compression ratio has a very great effect on emission. The results show that NOx decreases with higher compression ratio but increases with increase in load condition. Up to 25% reduction is seen in NOx with compression ratio 18 and slightly improvement in CO and HC.

523-528

Authors: Diptanuprasad Chakraborty

A Z-Shape dual band antenna is proposed in this paper. The Antenna consist of three L-Shape Slots being cut in the patch, and is being fed with coplanar waveguide, which ultimately radiates electromagnetic waves, and determines the radiation pattern of the antenna. The Z-shape patch has been provided Perfect E Boundary, which in turn results in better gain and return loss characteristics. The two resonant frequency of the antenna are 1.40Ghz and 1.68Ghz, which gives 0.18Ghz and 0.16Ghz bandwidth, and a gain of 18.3db at the solution frequency of 0.95Mhz. The frequency domain characteristics of the antenna has been studied, and performance of the antenna has been thoroughly investigated by simulating it with the help of High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS) software.

539-547

Authors: Rakhi B. Menon1, Dr. Gnana Sheela K2

Convolution encoder and Viterbi decoder of rate 2/3 is simulated using Model Sim. Test benches for encoder and decoder are coded and simulated. Two bits are provided to the encoder as input and three bits are obtained as output of encoder. These encoded three bits are provided as input to the Viterbi decoder. Viterbi decoder consists of different modules such as Euclidean distance calculation module, Subset decode module, Compute metric module, Compare Select Module, Path module, Path memory module, Path in Module, Metric Module, Output decision module and reduce module. All these modules are internally connected by Verilog HDL codes and simulated using Model Sim. The output of the Viterbi decoder will be two bit output. When Input to the Convolution encoder is compared to the output of Viterbi decoder, results shows that they are the same. Convolution Encoder with Viterbi decoder finds applicable in digital broadcasting, Satellite applications, Digital Mobile Applications, Deep Space, Code Division Multiple Access and voice-band data communications.

552-558

Authors: Faheem Khan1, Avneet Kr. Singh, Shobha Ram

Sound in the environment is caused by the quivering of particles present in the air that reaches the human ears and stimulates a feeling of hearing. When sound becomes loud, or disagreeable, or unwanted, or annoying, it becomes noise. This production of noise causes some undesirable effects on the human being as well as on animals, therefore this noise is also termed as environmental pollutant such as air pollution, water pollution etc. Noise can cause annoyance, diseases, sleeplessness, communication interference, hearing loss etc. due to which it should be controlled in the surroundings. The Air Act 1981 also includes noise as one of the air pollutant. In this paper, the noise pollution level and its impacts on the environment of Greater Noida a small city of Uttar Pradesh, India is discussed. In this area the major sources of noise pollution are vehicle horns, commercial areas and industrial areas. The sound pressure level is measured at morning, noon and evening during the peak hours. It is found that in the most areas of the city the prevailing noise level is more than the ambient noise level. In Greater Noida the average prevailing noise level through the vehicle is 83dB which is far more than the desired level of noise. The city is developing rapidly due to which the number of vehicle are increasing day by day and hence traffic noise is also increasing that has to be analyzed and controlled for the sake of human health. At the end of the paper some fruitful suggestion for noise abatement and control has been discussed.

566-578

Authors: 1.Mr.Kishor S. Joshi 2. Mrs.Sunita M.Bagewadi

Market demands environmental friendly fibrous materials which enables composite materials to be manufactured. Composites have already proven their worth as weight saving materials; the current challenge is to make them cost effective. Natural fiber composites can easily be recycled than glass fiber or carbon fiber composites. The natural fibers are currently extracted from plants like sisal, jute, and palm etc….wood-thermoplastic composites products are growing rapidly. Major markets are decking materials, pallets, automobiles and building materials. Animals can also provide a source of fibers. The animal products like hair, bird’s feathers, quills etc. can be used as fiber materials. It is anticipated that by incorporating quill particulates into polypropylene/epoxy resin matrix, the composite materials can be produced which can give good mechanical with low weight. Also the quill being the waste product of the poultry industry, the final cost of the composite product will be too low compared to other biological composite material. Meanwhile the problem of poultry solid waste handling can be solved.

588-592

Authors: Sonali S. Pawar , Prof. Pravin P. Kalyankar

Today’s, Many security primitives are used for secure user authentication which are mostly based on hard mathematical problems. Using hard AI problems for security is emerging as a new paradigm, but has been underexplored. Captcha as graphical passwords (CaRP) is one of the new security primitive based on hard AI problems which is a novel family of graphical password systems built on Captcha technology. As its name implies that CaRP is the combination of both CAPTCHA and Graphical password scheme. CaRP addresses a number of security problems altogether, it offers reasonable security and usability with some practical applications for improving online security.

611-623

Authors: Dr. Frederick T. Villa

The study focuses on the design and fabrication of a coconut husk mini-chipper machine which can contribute and improve the lives of farmers and the competitiveness of micro-scale coconut industries particularly in rural areas. The machine is connected into a cold roll shaft and utilizes a 6hp diesel engine generator. This is used to produce chips out of coconut husk and utilized as a potting medium for gardeners and orchids enthusiasts. This has been developed to further improve the utilization of the coconut husks into a productive used which are commonly ignored by most of the farmers in the rural areas. By adapting this machine, farmers can earn more from coconut husks and become competitive in coconut husk industries. The average coconut husks processed by the mini-chipper machine is 282 pcs in an hour while the volume of coconut husk chips produced has an average of 155 kilogram in an hour. The diesel used for an hour is 0.72 liters Normally, the 282 pcs of coconut husks should have an approximate weight of 169 kg but from the data above it produced 155 kg which is almost 92% chips and 8% waste or dust. This proves that the machine is efficient. (Note: average weight of coconut husk in Lucban, Quezon is about 0.6 kg). The machine obtained an overall acceptability mean rating of 4.9 and interpreted as Very Highly Acceptable. It means that Mini-Chipper is technically and operationally acceptable. This machine is considered very useful and significant to the end users specifically to the farmers who can earn more profit from processed coconut husks.

6-13

Authors: Maria Teresa Caccamo, Antonio Cannuli, Salvatore Magazù

The present paper reports the findings obtained through a wavelet analysis, applied to meteorological data collected by means of a LSI-LASTEM weather-station, connected to a microcontroller. For the data collection, the station was located at the Polo Papardo of Messina University (38° 15’ 35.10’’ N latitude and 15° 35’ 58.86’’ E longitude), while a multi-scale wavelet approach was employed for the data analysis. The first part of the work is addressed to the data acquisition system description, which also includes the sensors and the remote microcontroller. Then, the wavelet protocol is introduced and applied by means of both continuous and discrete wavelet transforms; this method provides a time frequency representation of the analyzed signals, capable of highlighting the correlation among the registered meteorological parameters. The analysis through the evaluated wavelet scalograms shows that for all the months a positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimum temperature exists whereas, contrarily to what in most cases occurs, a constant negative correlation exists between daily rainfall and maximum temperature as well as daily rainfall and minimum temperature.

21-25

Authors: A.VENKATA DINESH 1,U.RAMESH 2,DEMISE.M3

- The use of natural fibres like borassus flabellifer fiber, flax, sisal, jute, kenaf, etc. as replacement to manmade fibres in fibre-reinforced composites have increased now a days due to advantages like low density, low cost and biodegradability. But the natural fibres have poor compatibility with the matrix and they have relatively high moisture sorption. In this research, the standard test method of ASTM D638M-89is used to prepare specimens as per the dimensions for testing tensile properties of fiber-resin composites. The test specimen has a constant cross section with tabs bonded at the ends. The specimens were incorporated with borassus flabellifer fiber. Five identical specimens were prepared for each weight by varying fiber content in grams i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5. Tensile strength of fabricated composites increases with increase in weight of fiber. The tensile properties of pure polyesters are also determined experimentally. The tensile strength of pure polyester is 35.2 N/mm².The tensile strength of a fibered composite is 64.51 N/mm2 (for maximum loading fiber that is at 2.5 grams).

34-41

Authors: Athira Rajan1 , Jisha James2

A new steady state based fault classification and faulted phase selection technique is proposed using the symmetrical components of reactive power. After extracting the symmetrical components of voltage current from sending end and receiving end the symmetrical components of reactive power are calculated. Based on these values we can classify single phase to ground, double phase and double phase to ground fault and also to select the faulted phase. The proposed method is a setting-free method because it does not need any threshold to operate. The simulation studies of different fault cases reveal the capability of the proposed method.

47-51

Authors: Vaishnavi Chidgopkar1, Raksha Shelar2, Shweta Patil3

— Android mobile phone most important part of today’s lifestyle. Currently people use their mobile for calling as well as for other purpose like searching information or any location using internet and GPS, playing games, etc. It observed that people in unknown area face difficulties to find hospital quickly. In emergency cases even single minute is important so this smart application helps person to quickly locate the healthcare utility. The aim of this paper is to build Intelligent Healthcare Management system using Android OS and Augmented Reality concept [4]. So any person can access medical information, like Hospital’s contact details and address, contact details of Ambulance service and also can find out nearer hospital and medical store at anytime from anywhere. We must ensure that a person when visiting places need not have to worry about, where is the hospital or medical store and the contact number of ambulance .Using this application all the information is accessible on the android device and also in user customized format. We are using JSON parsing to keep updated record about doctor’s contact details and their location.

62-73

Authors: Er. Bipin G. Vyas1, Prof. Nilesh R. Sheth 2, Prof. Mukesh P. Keshwani3 and Prof. Nirmal Parmar4

The Practical study of heat transfer through surface contact resistance is very essential for advancement of thermal applications. It is required to understand the heat transfer between composite pair having same as well as different interface material. The outcomes will be very essential for design of different heat transfer thermal applications. The sole objective of this research work is to reduce the Thermal Contact Resistance (TCR) and increases thermal efficiency of the application. To minimize thermal contact resistance, the study of heat transfer with composite material pair & Thermal Interface Material (TIM) has been carried out experimentally in absence of pressure (ambient) condition. The Experimental work includes effective pairs of circular plates of aluminum (HE30/6082) and copper (EC101) alloys. To avoid radial losses during experiments, plates are designed and manufactured in circular disc form 184 mm diameter with 5mm thickness each. Each of plate having four groove, Pencil k type thermocouple (Tip length: 70mm & diameter: 3mm) placed inside that grove which measured average temperature of surfaces with the help of 8 channel temperature indicator. The various effective pair of metal alloys disc has been considered during practical where air and brass foil are used as TIM for particulate pair. The average temperature of plate surface is measured under the steady state condition at 40oC-70oC temperature interval. An experiment has been conducted with some specific conditions to achieve ideal results. With experiment, it is possible to analyze and identify suitable thermal interface material with minimum thermal contact resistance between two plates. Selection of proper TIM will lead towards higher heat transfer rate.

82-94

Authors: Swathi.K1 , Kishore Balasubramanian2 and Muthuvel V3

This paper presents a detailed study on comparison of different remote monitoring systems. There are many systems for remote monitoring and control, designed as either commercial products or experimental research platforms. It is noticed that most of the research are carried out in categories such as Internet based Monitoring via Servers, GPRS modems, etc. There are different other approaches for GSM-SMS protocols using GSM module individually or in combination besides using Wireless technologies such as Sensor Networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee and RF. For choosing the appropriate monitoring system for an application, a number of characteristics are important. A review of different monitoring systems with their characteristics is presented.

108-112

Authors: Aedwin Regi Varghese1, Shibi Varghese2

Time , quality and economy constitute the three main factors in a construction project, of which time plays a significant role in construction. Delay in any task or operation is a time overrun which influences the completion of the work. The common problems in civil engineering projects all around the world are mainly due to delay in construction. These problems occur frequently during project duration leading to disputes and litigation. Thus it’s essential to study and analyse causes of construction delays.This study is based on a list of construction delay causes retrieved from literature reviews. The feedback of construction experts was obtained through interviews. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey was prepared. The questionnaire survey was distributed to construction experts who represents consultants, and contractor’s organizations. A case study is analyzed and compared to the most important delay causes in the research. Statistical analysis is carried out to test delay causes, obtained from the survey.

120-124

Authors: Manisha Bedmutha ¹, Megha Sawant ², Sushmitha Ghan³

Dealing with the bugs is an important thing in software industry. For fixing these bugs lots of time is required and each developer have to go through bug report which aims at wasting the time and ultimately the money. To solve this problem an important step which we can take is bug triage, which aims as correctly assign a developers to new bug. As well as to decrease time cost in manual work of developer text classification technique is applied to conduct the automatic bug triage. Ultimatum is to reduce scale and improve the quality of bug data. After donning with triage process, we are recommending bugs to the respective developers depending on their profile and previous work history which will help the system to predict which bug to assign to which developer. If any particular developer failed to fix the bug in the given time the triage method will be used to predict the new developer.

133-143

Authors: Dr. Umesh Luthra*, Dr. Nishtha K. Singh, Archana Tripathi and Sejal Vora

Mycobacterium spp. was used for the biotransformation of phytosterol to 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (9-OH-AD). Fast growing Mycobacterium spp. rapidly and completely degrades sterols by simultaneously attacking the steroid ring nucleus and 17-alkyl side chains. The 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydrolyase has been reported as a key enzyme in production of 9-OH-AD. The present study signifies the importance of culture characterization and selection of phytosterol. Physio-morphological Characterization of Mycobacterium revealed that the microorganism is Gram-positive, non motile and acid-fast rod; colonies varies in size 5-15mm on different agar media and appear as non-pigmented, rough with opaque aspect. Statistical design was used to screen the most suitable source of phytosterol for 9-OH-AD production by Mycobacterium spp. Quality of phytosterol plays a crucial role in the biotransformation process. Six different types of phytosterols were studied by Fraction factorial design (FFD). Maximum yield of 9-OH-AD (5.58 mg/g) was obtained with the use of substrate- vendor (A) Micronized phytosterol - 10 g/l. The FFD was very effective in screening of substrate for 9-OH-AD production.

148-152

Authors: Sumeetpal kaur1, Baljeet Singh, Jaswinder Singh Sra

In the present era, with the expansion of power system the complexity and challenges in terms of grid stability, security and safety is increased. So more accurate, reliable monitoring and control systems are required. SCADA system is capable only to provide steady state view of the power system with high data latency. Synchronised phasor measurement unit is one of the important equipment in this regard. This paper presents a review of phasor measurement units in power system and smart grids. PMUs have great potential in the power system monitoring, control and protection. The historical development, principle working, applications and other related aspects are discussed in this paper.

164-180

Authors: Parasdeep Singh ⁱ, Prashant Saxena ⁱⁱ

Our project basically deals in mechatronics, which aims to integrate mechanical, electrical and biological systems. In this report we will look at development of an anthropomorphic robotic arm that will mimic actions of a human arm. Search and Rescue vehicle are used for a myriad of tasks in the 21st century. They are designed to do particular tasks that humans can but will not do, or even things humans cannot do. Our objective is to design and construct a vehicle to be used in an emergency response mission that will be able to venture into terrain and environments that are otherwise too dangerous for human responders. The main function of the Rescue vehicle is to detect survivors using real time video transmission and send robot location via Bluetooth GPS receiver mounted on robot. The video camera will also be connected to PC wirelessly for real time video transmitting. The GPS will also send location data to PC and it will have the location where rescuers are to be sent. The vehicle is manually controlled by an operator and will be driven via looking at real-time video feedback received on PC. The Mechanical Engineering part of this project is to design the actual platform for the robot to travel. Vehicle has 6 wheels, each wheel powered individually by an electric motor similar to many bomb disposal robots, so that it can traverse rough terrain. Motors with appropriate torque and speed have been selected based on weight and performance parameters. Two basic factors have been considered while designing the vehicle, first is vehicle performance and second is cost.

191-196

Authors: K.Satheeshkumar1, A.Vijayadevi2, T.Senthilkumar3

- This paper presents a review of recently used Direct Torque control (DTC) techniques for Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) fed PMSM. A variety of techniques to reduce the torque ripples are described as follows space vector modulation (SVM), Multi rate control strategy, 12 sector based DTC, FDTC, ANN based DTC are presented.

203-214

Authors: Vasudevan S*, MUNGANYINKA Jeanne Pauline, Balamurugan P, Sumanta Kumar Sahoo and Ashis Kumar Swain

Groundwater is one of the important natural resources which support the human health, economic development and ecological diversity. The main aim of this study is evaluation of ground water potential zones for Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. Remote sensing and GIS Technology contributes on efficient and effective result oriented methods for studying the occurrence and movement of ground water resources. Integration of various thematic layers influencing the ground water such as, geology, lineament density, geomorphology, drainage and land use have been used to classify the ground water potential zones. Based on this concept, weightage and ranking scores were assigned to each thematic layer with respect of influencing rate of water percolation. Finally weightage, multiplied by ranking and computed all the multiply values for quick assessment of ground water potential zones in the study area.

219-230

Authors: Deepika Chauhan1*, Sanjay Agarwal 2 , YS Shishodia 3

In this paper study has been carried out to evaluate overall thermal energy gain and exergy gain for the different Indian climatic condition of Jodhpur, Srinagar, Bangalore & New Delhi. This study involves the electrical and thermal output of opaque PV module having duct above the module. Further carbon credit & energy matrices analysis mainly in terms of energy payback period (EPBT), energy production factor (EPF) & life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) have been carried out which is based on overall thermal & exergy gain. The effect of different rate of interest of 8%, 10% & 12% on annualized uniform cost (AUC), EPF & LCCE has also been analyzed. It was found from envireoeconomic analysis that in terms of overall thermal & exergy gain, environmental cost is Rs 3261.97 /annum & Rs 699.99 /annum. It has been observed that annualized uniform cost (AUC) is higher for all cities in case of overall exergy gain as compare to overall thermal gain.

237-241

Authors: 1Ms.Nita R. Mhaske, 2Prof. S.M.Rokade

Cloud provides data storage and sharing services and people works together as a group. After creating the group, member of a group able to access, modify and shares latest updated data with the rest of the group members. To sure the integrity, group member need to upload the data with their sign. After modification user have to upload data with his own private key. If user is repudiated from group then data signed by repudiated user are signed by existing users. In this, proposed an auditing mechanism for integrity of shared data with efficient user repudiation. Existing user resign the data during user repudiation without downloading data .

250-256

Authors: Bhavik Patel

Big data is a recent term Appeared that has to define the vey large amount of data that surpass the traditional storage and processing requirements. Each and every growing volume of data generation is the reality. Today we are living in Social networks, smart cities, telephone networks, the internet are hand Reviews some of the data in the modern world and much of this information is discarded due to the high storage space. It Would require Relevant data can be extracted from this large amount of information and to be used to build better cities, offers better services, make predictive analysis, group similar information and many more applications. All of this is possible, due to machine learning and data mining can be found where patterns in the ocean of data generated every Second in order to cope with the volume, velocity and variety of data produced a streaming model has-been Studied. Were analysis of data has to uses low memory and process items only once. Currently we are taking the advance of grid and cloud computing the missing component to help crunch this large amount of data is the power of distributed computing. Stream Processing Engines (SPE) have revealed to be a more flexible and powerful tool for dealing with Big Data. This project merges the concepts of machine learning, streaming model and distributed computing to build a framework for developing, Testing and applying algorithms on large volume of data streams.

266-268

Authors: Shobha Elizabeth Rajan, Sreedevi P. , Ameena Beevi A.

- A move to use cloud computing, requires customer to have a clear understanding of potential security benefits and risks associated with cloud computing, and set realistic expectations with their cloud provider. Consideration must be given to the different models of service delivery: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a (SaaS) as each model brings Service different security requirements and responsibilities. The paper tries to study on the security features and capabilities currently prevailing in cloud computing field and the security provider by cloud service providers. Also the paper ties to review on the existing attempts to overcome the security pitfalls.

278-287

Authors: 1. Pradeep kumar satapathi, 2. B. Trinadha

A modular H bride rectifier or also called as cascaded H bride converter with multi winding high-frequency (MWHF) transformer is proposed for medium- or high-voltage applications. In the proposed converter, a step down transformer is no longer require in place of this we can use high frequency multi winding transformer while a cascaded H-bridge rectifier (CHBR) is connected directly with the input ac source. Then by composing a group of H-bridge converters an isolated dc-dc converter is made and a MWHF (multi winding high frequency) transformer with high power density is used to isolate the dc buses produced by the CHBR. The mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the MWHF transformer and the high frequency (HF) converter are obtained in this paper. Then, the naturally balance ability and the voltage stability under unbalanced loads is analyzed and is verified. To accelerate the dc bus voltage balancing process, a voltage balance control algorithm based on energy exchange between different transformer windings is proposed that is realized by accomplishing the phase shift adjustment of the terminal voltages on different windings. Experiments and simulations are done to verify the performance of the proposed modular converter.

314-319

Authors: Amandeep Singh Padda*, Satish Kumar**, Aishna Mahajan***

Surface grinding is a very complex process to control yet it has very significant role in controlling the performance of the equipments and machine tools. Thus it is very important to analyse the process parameters by performing experiments. This is the purpose my research work in which I have tried to analyse the effect of varying surface grinding parameters on the surface roughness of Stainless Steel using white aluminium oxide grinding wheels. The main input parameters taken into consideration in this study are depth of cut, wheel speed and wheel grain size. Results are tabulated and plotted in form of comparison graphs for ease of analysis.

337-341

Authors: Ivo Kuzmanov1, Roberto Pasic2

The main object of the paper is to represent a complete research conducted into larger industrial entities from Bitola, which is conducted in the time frame January 2014 - February 2015, with a starting aim to research the implemented [1] Integrated Management Systems in the companies. To be more precise the main aim of the research was to see how the implemented [10], [11], [12], [13], [9] ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OSHAS 18001 systems were used in larger companies in Bitola’s region, R. Macedonia, and to see are there any injuries in the companies that were under research. Actually the paper represents only a small segment from the conducted research in which a detail analyzes considering the spotted injuries in Bitola’s region is done. For that purpose three relevant sources of information were used, such as: the companies where the injury was spotted, the local inspectors for health and safety and the local health fund (the last two as relevant government institutions). At the end of the paper a detail review of the spotted injuries in two larger industrial capacities is presented, considering the time frame for monitoring since January 2014 till January 2015. The companies represented into the paper are chosen because both are the largest ones from the companies in Bitola’s region and also among the largest in R. Macedonia, considering the number of employees and considering the annual productions and profits (the first one from the tobacco industry and the second from the electricity production sector). Considering the analyses [6] several key criteria were used, such as: the gender of the injured employee, total numbers of injured people, the age of the injured persons, qualifications, the day of the week when the injury is spotted, the time frame, number of lost work days as a result of the injury etc.

362-369

Authors: N.Rishinath, S.P.Kanniyappan, A.Krishnamoorthi

In the past two decades, construction sector has made a tremendous change in the dimensions of its boundaries. Because of mankind’s unpredictable innovation added along with the technological advancements, unimaginable architectural designs have been made into existence only because of the advanced building materials which helped to get the required physique for the structure without adjusting any collapse and serviceability criteria. As concrete is considered as important building material, lots of variations has been made in the type of cement to be used as well concrete making technology in order to make the structure adaptable in any environmental condition as well fulfill the conditions for which it has been constructed. The most recent innovation in concrete technology is the “High Strength Concrete”. As the name suggests, this type of concrete are very strong and makes the concrete structure to be highly resistant to environmental hazards. The waste products from different sectors are considered to be harmful for disposal and hence turned to be an issue. With the innovation of using these waste by-products as a replacement of basic ingredient in concrete, an effective and efficient way of disposing them has come into act. This study examines the properties of High Strength Concrete (HSC) having Quarry dust by completely replacing natural river sand and partial replacement of cement with 5%, 10%, and 15%, of Rice Husk Ash (RHA), and 0.3% of polypropylene fiber.

375-381

Authors: Ikechi Igwe, Bright Bariakpoa Kinate

Experimental assessment of the suitability of Periwinkle Shell Ash (PSA) for use as filtration loss control additive in water-based drilling mud has been presented. Locally sourced periwinkle shells were soaked overnight in warm water treated with Sodium Chloride (NaCl) to remove dirt and any contaminant. Thereafter, the periwinkle shells were washed and air dried, and then heated in an electric muffle furnace at 995 oC. The calcined shells were then crushed with the aid of a jaw crusher and grinded to fine particles. The ensuing ash was then sieved through BS sieve (75microns) to obtain a fine ash (nanoparticles). This fine ash particles is the PSA used for the formulation of the mud sample of interest. The filtration characteristics of the formulated mud samples were tested using American Petroleum Institute (API) filter press and in accordance to API recommended practice for field testing water based drilling fluids (API RP 13B-1). Filtration control characteristics of the mud samples were demonstrated by the filtrate volume and the thickness and consistency of the mud filter cake deposited on the filter paper after 30 minutes of filtration. Physical examination of the filter cakes indicates that filter cake formed by sample C, prepare with 2.0 g of PSA, was thinner (0.75 mm thick) and more consistent than the rest. After 30 minutes of filtration, mud samples A, B, C, and D produced 7.7 ml, 7.2 ml, 6.7 ml, and 7.0 ml filtrate volumes, respectively. This imply that sample C formulated with 2.0 g of PSA, which produced the least filtrate volume (6.7 ml) after 30 minutes of filtration, demonstrated better filtration control characteristics than samples A, B, and D. Addition of PSA to the various mud samples improved the filtration characteristics of the formulated water-based drilling mud with respect to reduced filtrate volume and thinner and consistent mud filter cakes. PSA has proved to possess good filtration (fluid loss) control properties.

397-407

Authors: Huzaifa Shabbir Dhorajiwala1, Er. Asadullah Shaikh2

Industries in healthcare gathers a large amount of data that has not been appropriately mined and which is not feasible. Research of these covered patterns and relationships among them have not been put into use. The main motto of our project based on Medical diagnosis is to prepare knowledge based aspects with the help of collecting data regarding various kinds of diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Another aspect of our research is to develop decision support systems in medical field to ease the workload of the physicians. In our proposed system, we make use of different algorithms such as ID3 algorithm, CART algorithm, Genetic algorithm and LS-SVM algorithm which classifies the above mentioned diseases to compare the usefulness and how effective it is.

413-419

Authors: Rubina Sultana1 Asma Mehdia 2

Squats have become a major tricky problem in the track of many railways. In the quest for the root causes of squats, it is observed that they are occasionally found at locations of track stiffness changes such as at fish-plated insulated joints and at switches and crossings. Obviously, there should be other factors in the track, which, together with the stiffness change, have played important roles otherwise there will be squats at all such locations. A validated hybrid multibody-finite element model of vehicle–track vertical interaction is extended to simulate the frictional dynamic rolling contact at a fish-plated insulated joint in order to identify such factors. Elastic–plastic rail material property is taken into account. It is found that it is track short defect in the preload condition of the bolts and the contact between the fishplates and the rail head, which together with the stiffness change, causes large normal and longitudinal contact force variation at the fishplate end so that differential wear and differential plastic deformation may accumulate at a fixed location. With proper wavelength, the accumulated rail top geometry deviation may grow into a squat. The significance of the present work lies in that other track short defects such as damaged and improper railpads and fastening, and ballast voids may also have such effects, which may be responsible for a large portion of the many squats in the tracks. This gives the direction for further work.

447-461

Authors: Poonam Kumari

In this paper, we study SIR epidemic models for a given constant population. These mathematical models are described by nonlinear first order differential equations. First, we find the analytical solution by using the Differential Transformation Method. We then compute the numerical solution by using fourth-order Runge-Kutta Method and compare the analytical solution with the numerical. The profiles of the solutions are provided, from which we infer that the analytical and numerical solutions agreed very well.

471-477

Authors: Anoop T R

An embedded system is designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with real-time computing constraints But when networking technology is combined with it, the scope of embedded systems would be further more. Here design and implementation of embedded web server in LPC1769 is presented. That can be used as a control and data logging system in any embedded systems. Here in this design, a FAT file system is implemented first, then that file system is used for saving and accessing files to and from an SD card. By combining the web server and FAT file system operations the system can save processed data as files, access and manage these files from LAN or internet through web browsers, monitor embedded system status and control embedded system operations.

493-495

Authors: Dharam J. Gami

IoT is not just a technology but it is an ideology or a concept which leads to a new age that is age of machine. IoT is the key to fully digitalize the world. Move towards IoT will revolutionise human life where machine-to-machine communication is emphasized and human interaction is minimized. IoT demands everything on internet and be controlled and managed by machine itself. The goal of this paper is to give an imagination and a Skelton of IoT. This paper also highlights the challenges in IoT implementation and other critical issues.

503-513

Authors: Remya M Nair

Security is an important issue in wireless communication systems as the wireless channel is unguided. Cryptographic techniques in the wired communication may be used to secure the wireless communication, but the characteristics of radio channel are not exploited efficiently. This project presents a synchronized random key generation for each node which depends on the clock time. So there is no need any key transfer. Key generation protocol is used here. Key generation protocol depends on the global timing method. Here we use base station time as a global time. Pseudo random number creation depends upon the time and the initial value of linear feedback shift register. So each and every second create a new key. So the level security is too high and power consumption is very low.

525-527

Authors: Chanky Swami, Nishant Anand

This research implements and develops cross-platform architecture for connecting mobile devices to the WS. The architecture includes a platform independent design of mobile service client and a middleware for enhancing the interaction between mobile clients and WS. The middleware also provides a personal service mashup platform for the mobile client. Finally, the middleware can be deployed on Cloud Platforms, like Google App Engine and Amazon EC2, to enhance the scalability and reliability.

541-546

Authors: Harshal P. Ganvir

Network-based cloud computing is rapidly expanding all over as an alternative to conventional office-based computing. Cloud computing has become widespread and the energy consumption of the network and computing resources will grow cloud. This happens at a time when there is increasing attention being paid to the need to manage energy consumption across the entire information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Also data center energy use have much attention, as there has been less attention paid to the energy consumption of the transmission and switching networks. This paper, presents an analysis of energy consumption in cloud computing. The analysis will consider both public and private clouds. We show that energy consumption in transport and switching can be a significant percentage of total energy consumption in cloud computing. Cloud computing provides more energy efficiency and use of computing power. Computing tasks are of low intensity or infrequent. Thus, under some circumstances cloud computing may consume more energy than conventional computing where each user performs all computing on their own personal computer (PC).

556-560

Authors: Absal Nabi

To develop an automatic acceleration and braking new generation vehicle, we need to modify the acceleration controller and braking system simultaneously. In the electric scooter in which we are using works on 48V battery. The same battery provide supply to other circuit elements and motor (12V) used in the scooter. The acceleration is controlled by controlling the supply to the controller whereas the brake control is done by using wiper motor (dc servo motor) which directly control the braking system. In distance control mode, a PIC logic algorithm is applied. Input to the PIC logic controller is distance from the obstacle and relative speed. According to the distance from the obstacle the rate of working of wiper motor and braking system is controlled.

567-570

Authors: Niranjan Hugar1, Jayesh P2

Applying Lean manufacturing philosophy is one of the most important concepts that help enterprises to gain competitive advantage in the world market. Lean manufacturing or lean manufacturing is a manufacturing practice that emphasizes on the use of resources for work which add value for the end customer. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the lean principles, tools and benefits of lean concepts in manufacturing industries. Lean manufacturing is plethora of principles that focus on cost reduction by identifying and eliminating non value added activities. The fiercely globalized and competitive markets of 21st century demand for increasing high variety of products at lowest possible costs, lesser lead time and high quality. This changing market scenario calls for a new manufacturing that will enable us to compete in this global competitive market. This research addresses the application of lean manufacturing concepts to the continuous production/process sector with a focus on the manufacturing industry.

578-582

Authors: Kavya B.C., Laxmana Naik L

As indicated by human physiology vision assumes a pivotal part. More than 83% of data with respect to environment the individual gets from vision. The most seasoned and conventional versatility helps for persons with visual hindrances are the guide dogs and walking cane. The disadvantages of these guides are scope of movement and next to no data passed on. With the quick advances of cutting edge innovation, both in equipment and programming front can possibly give smart route capacities. This venture work exhibits an Arduino Uno controller based smart stick, that cautions outwardly hindered individuals over static hindrances, dynamic snags, pit and aides them with the utilization of sound directions about proper way. It diagrams a superior navigational apparatus for the outwardly weakened. An Arduino Uno microcontroller contains all the memory and interfaces required for the application and the APR sound framework is use for sound direction. The general point of the gadget is to give an advantageous and safe strategy for the ignorant concerning conquers their challenges in day by day life. Furthermore this framework can be utilized for both indoor and open air environment. In this venture Arduino programming is utilized to code the microcontroller for controlling and checking the framework and MATLAB pictorially displays the destined path.

597-605

Authors: Mr.B.B.Gite , Mr.Zeeshanali Shaikh

The multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offers little protection against identity deception through replaying routing information. An adversary can exploit this defect to launch various harmful or even devastating attacks against the routing protocols, including sinkhole attacks, wormhole attacks and Sybil attacks. Traditional cryptographic techniques or efforts at developing trust-aware routing protocols do not effectively address this severe problem. To secure the WSNs against adversaries misdirecting the multi-hop routing, we have design and implemented TARF, a robust trust-aware routing framework for dynamic WSNs.TARF provides trustworthy and energy-efficient route. Most importantly, TARF proves effective against those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large-scale WSNs under various scenarios including mobile and RF-shielding network conditions.

610-617

Authors: Prof. V. N. Mane1

Heat exchanger design is task of imagination, knowledge, experience and judgment to define an end product. It involves tough design calculations which are combined with manufacturing activities that can be completed in a short period of time. The heat exchanger design calculations require assumed data. Iterative procedure is used to correct the assumed data to get optimum solution. But it needs lot of calculation work which is time consuming. Again the drafting of heat exchanger is time consuming and complicated task and requires skilled person. So there is large scope to improve the features of present softwares. Design and development of new software of shell and tube type heat exchanger gives design, graphical representation and 3D modeling of shell and tube type heat exchanger. The validity of the software is checked by comparison between the software results and ‘Alfa Laval’ results. ‘Alfa Laval’ is well established industry in design of shell and tube type heat exchanger. The results obtained from our developed software were found accurate with ‘HTRI’ software results of Alfa Laval industry. The 3D modeling feature of software makes it different from the existing commercial software. It is expected that the software will be playing significant role in the heat exchanger industries to meet their requirements.

633-639

Authors: Mr.Bhushan S Rane1, Prof. M D Shende2

Steady-state external natural convection heat transfer from vertically-mounted rectangular staggered interrupted fins is investigated numerically and experimentally. FLUENT software is used to develop a 3-D numerical model for investigation of fin interruption effects. A custom-designed testbed was developed and continuous, inline interrupted and staggered interrupted aluminum alloy heatsinks with various geometric dimensions are machined and tested to verify the theoretical results. A comprehensive experimental and numerical study is performed to investigate the effects of staggered interruptions. Our results show that adding staggered interruptions to vertically-mounted rectangular fins can enhance the thermal performance considerably than the inline interrupted fins. The results of this work can be used to improve thermal performance of enclosures in a variety of electronics, power electronics and telecommunication applications.

644-653

Authors: Piyush Sharma

Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical, biological, or combined method of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering purpose. This process includes increasing the weight bearing capabilities and performance of in-situ soil and sand. Soil nailing is a construction technique that can be used as a remedial measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes. The technique involves the insertion of relatively slender reinforcing elements into the slope – often general purpose reinforcing bars (rebar) although solid or hollow-system bars are also available. Kinetic methods of firing relatively short bars into soil slopes have also been developed. Bars installed using drilling techniques are usually fully grouted and installed at a slight downward inclination. Soil nail components may also be used to stabilize retaining walls or existing fill slopes like embankments and levees and this is normally undertaken as a remedial measure. Since the first application of soil nailing was implemented in 1972 for a railroad widening project in France, soil nailing is now a well-established technique around the world.

668-676

Authors: Hasna P.H

The track structures subjected to dynamic loading are usually constructed from different materials and components, their behaviour cannot be easily verified or predicted. The design, repair, and effective maintenance of tracks are therefore critical for ballasted track performance assessment. In this study, analytical evaluations were performed to predict and assess the track support stiffness, track impact factor, dynamic wheel-rail forces, and subgrade modulus. The prediction model consists of a three-degrees-of-freedom dynamic track model and modified track properties. The qualitative prediction of model for dynamic track behaviour, capable of simulating the complex interaction between the track’s component properties and track responses, was developed in this study. The qualitative analysis results are presented for dynamic explicit analysis of the rail track.

683-690

Authors: D.Eazhisai vallabi and V.Elango

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn used as traditional medicine, is a plant of the family Aizoaceae is a prostrate, glabrous, succulent annual herb. The plant is found almost throughout India as a weed in cultivated and wastelands. The plant has a remarkable protection against the drug induced diseases due to the presence of active phytoconstituents. In this present study, we discussed about the nephroprotective and cardioprotective and antioxidant effect of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn in experimental animals. Biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were analysed and the results are discussed to show the potent effect of the Siddha medicinal plant Trianthema Portulacastrum Linn.

699-713

Authors: Anjaly Sukumaran

LOW-POWER, area-efficient, and high-performance VLSI systems are increasingly used in portable and mobile devices, multi standard wireless receivers, and bio medical instrumentation. An adder is the main component of an arithmetic unit. A complex digital signal processing (DSP) system involves several adders. An efficient adder design essentially improves the performance of a complex DSP system. A ripple carry adder (RCA) uses a simple design, but carry propagation delay (CPD) is the main concern in this adder.Carry look-ahead and carry select (CS) methods have been suggested to reduce the CPD of adders. A conventional CSLA has less CPD than an RCA, but the design is not attractive since it uses a dual RCA. The main objective of SQRT-CSLA design is to provide a parallel path for carry propagation that helps to reduce the overall adder delay. The BEC-based CSLA involves less logic resources than the conventional CSLA, but it has marginally higher delay. A CSLA based on common Boolean logic (CBL) involves significantly less logic resource than the conventional CSLA but it has longer CPD, which is almost equal to that of the RCA. To overcome this problem, a SQRT-CSLA based on CBL was proposed . However, the CBL-based SQRT CSLA design requires more logic resource and delay than the BEC-based SQRT-CSLA . We observe that logic optimization largely depends on availability of redundant operations in the formulation, whereas adder delay mainly depends on data dependence. In the existing designs, logic is optimized without giving any consideration to the data dependence. In this brief, we made an analysis on logic operations involved in conventional and BEC-based CSLAs to study the data dependence and to identify redundant logic operations. Based on this analysis, we have proposed a logic formulation for the CSLA. The main contribution in this brief are logic formulation based on data dependence and optimized carry generator (CG) and CS design.So in this project work I have designed and implemented an FPGA based Low power and Area Efficient Carry Select adder . The design was coded in VHDL, simulated Xilinx ISE Design Suit 14.1 and implemented in Spartan6 FPGA trainer board.A theoretical estimate shows that the proposed SQRT-CSLA involves nearly 35% less area–delay–product (ADP) than the BEC-based SQRT-CSLA, which is best among the existing SQRT-CSLA designs, on average, for different bit-widths. The application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) synthesis result shows that the BEC-based SQRT-CSLA design involves 48% more ADP and consumes 50% more energy than the proposed SQRT-CSLA, on average, for different bit-widths.

720-728

Authors: Aswin C1, Aji Joy2

The communication network is analogous to the neural system of the human body for any embedded system. It carries data and control signals to various parts of the system. Hence, a high speed communication system is the need of the hour so that it does not become the bottleneck of the system’s performance. Of all the available communication systems, Ethernet stands out as the most common network communication protocol. But due to advances in the technology, the primitive Ethernet could no longer match the processing speed of the new systems. Therefore, we need to improve the performance of the Ethernet. The evolution to Gigabit Ethernet improved the speed from few Megabits to one Gigabit and thus improved the performance of the whole embedded system. Increasing the bus width of the Ethernet is one way to increase the speed, but this comes with the overhead of encoders and decoders to be used and also increases the chance of causing interference. Another way is to use a clock with high speed, thus keeping the bus width low and avoiding the overheads and interference probabilities. This project selects a 125 MHz clock and 8 bit bus width for constructing a Gigabit Ethernet MAC on FPGA board. Finite state machine technique is used to construct the same. The project is coded using VHDL in Xilinx 14.1 and simulations are done in ISim simulator. The project was implemented on Spartan 3XC3S200 FPGA board.

736-743

Authors: M. Selvaganapathy1, N. Nishavithri2, R. Nithya3

Wireless sensor networks(WSN) comprises a hundreds to thousands of small nodes employed in wide range of data gathering applications such as military, health care monitoring and many other fields. Due to limited energy there is a difficultly in recharging a large number of sensor nodes, so energy efficiency and maximizing the network lifetime are the most important goals of sensor network. WSN requires robust and energy efficient communication protocols to minimize the energy consumption as much as possible. However, the lifetime of multi-hop WSN is reduced by radio irregularity and fading. A cluster-based scheme is proposed as a solution. The proposed scheme extends High Energy First (HEF) clustering algorithm and enables multi-hop transmissions among the clusters by incorporating the selection of supportive sending and receiving nodes. The performance is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and reliability. The planned obliging algorithm HEF broadens the network era with 75% of nodes remaining alive when compared to Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol.

748-760

Authors: 1Ahiaba Ugbede Victor, ; 2Nwakonobi Theresa Ukaamaka

Design, development and evaluation of a Passive Solar Poultry Egg Incubator were undertaken. The incubator had two heat collectors and storage media (thermal masses) and heat exchangers. The main heat absorber was made of 80mm thick concrete incorporated with a separate heat storage media to serve as back up during sunless hours. The system was insulated with 4mm thick plywood for both internal and external surfaces, with 6mm thick foams used to fill the annular spaces. The absorber surfaces were pre-treated by painting them black for better heat collection. Digital thermocouple/multi-meters was incorporated into the chambers for temperature and relative humidity measurements. At average ambient temperature of 36.6 oC, the heat absorber surfaces attained a maximum temperature of 91.5 oC at 15:00 (GMT) and a minimum temperature of 37.1 oC at 6:00. The temperature maintained in the incubating chamber ranged between 30.9 – 46.6 oC depending on the time of the day and weather conditions. At average ambient relative humidity of 69.2 %, the incubating chamber relative humidity was averagely at 61.6 %, using activated charcoal as dehumidifying material. Heat collection and transfer efficiencies of the thermal mass were 96.4 % and 44.3 % respectively. The incubator was tested for fertility and hatchability with 125 broiler eggs obtained from a reliable commercial hatchery. The percentage fertility and hatchability recorded were 74.4 % and 73.1%, respectively, with 21 days as incubation period.

770-778

Authors: Anuradha Guha, Sagarika Pal

the problem of identification of controller parameters for DC motor has been considered here. Open loop system has been used for Cohen and Coon Method. The proportional, integral and derivative gains are obtained from the process reaction curve. The loop is then closed. Damped Oscillation of Ziegler-Nichols Method is used. This curve, gives the integral and derivative gain from the period of oscillation. The ISE, IAE and IATE are used as fitness function in Particle Swarm Optimization. Then proportional, integral and derivative gains are found out through number of iterations. At last the outputs of three methods are compared.

795-799

Authors: Onkar U. Jadhav1, Prof. Abhijit N. Bhirud2

- In the last decade there has been extent amount work in construction industry. Due to this large scale of development going on across the country. Large construction projects are facing problem of delays and extra costs. In all types of construction projects cost and time is an important role. The changes at every stage or on regularly basis on construction project disturb the schedule of project as well as extra work has to be done. The purpose of this paper to focus on various change order and cause, effects and control measures for construction projects in Pune. The study limited for the Pune city .For this goal we prepare questionnaire from the previous literature and research. The questions based on the client, contractors, consultants and other factors causing change orders. This questionnaire survey done manually from the construction projects in Pune.The respondent are engineering professionals having minimum 5 years of experience in construction industry for handling projects. The purpose of this paper to know cause, effects and control measures for change orders in construction projects in Pune. From the data collected by the questionnaire survey we first take Cronbach’s Alpha test for internal consistency test by using SPSS statistics software. After analyzing and find out conclusion we used relative importance index method.

810-817

Authors: 1. Dhruvesh.K.Mathur, 2.Dr.Praful.M.Udani

Coastal zones are more prone to natural disaster better management strategies and disaster management planning is necessary for the planning of coastal areas. Remote sensing, GIS, Information technology are widely used now a days for better management of coastal areas. GIS and web technology makes it an extremely powerful tool to identify indicators of potential disasters. Information sharing through Internet reduces data acquisition time and thus providing efficient way to carry out real time disaster predictions occur at coastal areas like Tsunami, Cyclones, and Floods. GIS, RS & GPS is useful in disaster management applications & for decision making. Evolution of computer technology and availability of hardware is helpful for rapid expansion of GIS in both disaster research and practice for better management of coastal hazards. GIS is useful for hazard zone mapping and during emergency conditions mitigation of people can easily possible using these maps. As Gujarat has longest coastal area we are focusing on various disasters occur at Gujarat coast and how to reduce impact of disaster by using remote sensing and GIS technologies.

825-830

Authors: S.Srithar1, Dr.K.Karuppasamy2

Clustering approach provides a vital role for ease of data transmission through cluster head node. Clustering algorithm depends upon the characteristics such as distance, battery power, transmission data rate etc. In order to achieve good clustering performance, the cluster node should move from one cluster to another without affecting the topology. This project proposes an Adaptive Weighted Fuzzy Clustering based Cluster head selection Algorithm (AWFCA) to solve problems found in existing methods, such as the node distribution, flat structures and disturbance of the cluster formation. The proposed mechanism uses fuzzy concept to select the cluster head for clustering in wireless sensor networks. The new protocol is aimed at prolonging the lifetime and improves the stability of WSNs by finding the energy efficient cluster heads (CHs) and energy consumption of the sensor nodes using Adaptive Weighted Fuzzy Clustering method. The operation of the proposed work have set-up phase where the base station finds the CHs, and steady-state phase, where the sensed data are transferred to CHs and then to the base station. The network simulation results shows that the proposed Adaptive Weighted Fuzzy Clustering based Routing Protocol(AWFCRP) achieves better performance compared with existing Cluster Based Routing Protocol(CBRP).

838-845

Authors: Miss. Pritam H. Langade

In the recent technology, there is a need of high speed and powerful data processing. Such complex problem is overcome by using parallel computing technology which uses the concept of pipelining for this application. This project provides the implementation issues in systolic array multiplier for high speed data processing. This also introduces the concept of parallel processing and pipelining which improves the speed of execution. In this project, a new method of multiplying matrices using systolic array multiplier is designed and each processing element in systolic array is replaced by Dadda multiplier. Here the VHDL code is written for matrix multiplication with systolic architecture. It is compiled and simulated by using Modelsim SE 6.3f, synthesized by using Xilinx ISE 14.5 and targeted to the device XC3S500E-4-FG320.

850-854

Authors: Ar. J.Jebaraj Samuel

Every Builder or architect understands the importance of reducing the construction cost. In very recent years the cost of construction has increased faster. The rising cost of shelter is the present scenario in housing, which affects all of us. Buildings are generally divided into 2 parts  Substructure  super structure Substructure includes portion of building below the ground. i.e Foundation Super structure includes portion of the building above the ground .which includes Plinth, wall, openings, roofs, floor, horizontal and vertical transportation . In this paper we shall discuss various methods. The present paper discusses various methods at different parts of a building which are cost effective.

866-872

Authors: Ramdas D. Gore¹, Sunil S. Nimbhore², Bharti W.Gawali³

This paper reports the development of the soil spectral ¬¬¬signature using Spectroradiometer form Visible Near Infrared, Short Wave Infrared and Mid-Infrared spectral reflectance of soil. Soil properties such as amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sand, silt, and clay contains have been determined by using hyperspectral band models, in the wavelength band of 350-2500nm. Different mathematical models such as, Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLSR) have widely been used to extract information regarding soil properties. This review article analyzes the reference work from 2005 to 2015.

898-909

Authors: Elechi, P.

In this paper a building penetration path loss model was developed. The model involved the combination of three mechanisms of signal propagation; refraction, reflection and diffraction. The penetration through the building walls was modelled as refraction using Fresnel Refraction Coefficient and the propagation through the roof was modelled as diffraction using the principle of knife-edge diffraction. The total losses from the transmitter to the receiver was modelled as a combination of three different effects; losses due to free-space propagation from transmitter to building; the penetration loss as a combination of the wall penetration loss and the diffraction loss. To confirm the viability of this model, measurements were conducted in four different locations in Rivers State, Nigeria on buildings made with different material using MTN, Etisalat, Airtel and Globacom networks. The model simulation result showed that a total loss in GSM transmission as 124.07dB of which penetration loss as 37.95dB which accounted for 30.59%, the freespace loss as 86.12dB which accounts for 69.41% of the total losses. The results corresponded with the measurement results. Secondly, the developed building penetration path loss model was also compared with some existing path loss models namely, Log distance path loss, Okumura, HATA and COST-231 models and the results showed that the models compared accurately with the Okumura model and other existing path loss models. Hence, it can be stated that the developed building penetration path loss model can be used to accurately predict signal attenuation in buildings located in an urban environment.

916-921

Authors: N. Sravan Kumar* P. Alee Mulla Khan#

Information Security is the investigation of hops that give the assurance of the data in the framework, mobiles and PDAs against unapproved access, use, change, and so forth. A Digital Signature is the condition utilized for stamping or marking an electronic file, by a procedure intended to be similar to paper marks, yet which makes utilization of an innovation known as open key cryptology. In this paper, we propose and test NTRU Signature the calendars for variable evaluated substance records, utilizing polynomial cryptosystems with a blend of the adjusted new cryptosystem. The algorithm exhibited in this paper can be utilized for both signature generation and for giving information classification not at all like a couple of different algorithms chipping away at polynomial arithmetic. NTRU Cryptosystems has passed on a few translations of the NTRU Algorithms, of which the essential algorithm was executed for this utilization.

929-935

Authors: Vaibhav Ambavkar, Venkatesan N.

Keyword search (KWS) over relational databases has recently received significant attention. Many solutions and many prototypes have been developed. This task requires addressing many issues, including robustness, accuracy, reliability, and privacy. An emerging issue, however, appears to be performance related current KWS systems have unpredictable running times. In particular, for certain queries it takes too long to produce answers, and for others the system may even fail to return. we say that as today’s users have been spoiled by the performance of Internet search engines, KWS systems should return whatever answers they can produce quickly and then provide users with options for exploring any portion of the answer space not covered by these answers. basic idea is to produce answers that can be generated quickly as in today’s KWS systems, then to show users query forms that characterize the unexplored portion of the answer space. Combining KWS systems with forms allows us to bypass the performance problems inherent to KWS without compromising query coverage. This project uses the concepts of Priority Queue Data Structure to build a framework for developing, Testing and applying search algorithms on large volume of data streams.

944-949

Authors: Pooja Shukla, Arti Tiwari

Day by the count of elderly people living alone at home increases. Fall is one of the major risks for elderly people. Sometimes older people may get serious injury to their backbone (spinal cord) and that may lead to death. Sometimes fallen injured elderly may be lying on the ground for several hours after a fall incident has occurred. This makes it important to have a fall detection system. There is different approach to human fall detection such as sensor based, accelerometer, another possibility is camera based system. In this paper, we propose a novel and robust fall detection system. Our approach is based on motion history. Our algorithm provides promising results on video sequences of daily activities and simulated falls.

957-964

Authors: Krishna P S [Mtech student] EEE, Jubin Eldho Paul [Associate Professor] EEE, Hari Kumar R [Associate Professor] EEE

This paper proposes an Interleaved Buck Converter (IBC) with continuous input current, extremely low output current ripple, low switching losses and improved step-down conversion ratio. Unlike the conventional IBC, the proposed converter has continuous input current and its output current ripple is extremely low. The proposed converter has lower voltage stress in comparison to the conventional IBC and also can provide a high step-down ratio which makes it a proper choice for high power applications where non-isolated step-down converter with low output current ripple and continuous input current is required. The proposed IBC shows that the voltage stress across all the active switches is half of the input voltage before turn-on or after turnoff when the operating duty is below 50%. Also the proposed converter can provide current-sharing between two interleaved modules without using additional current-sharing control method. All these benefits are obtained without any additional stress on the circuit components. The simulation is done by using MATLAB 7.12.0(R2014a).

973-980

Authors: ShuzaBinzaid, Avadhoot Herlekar

Integrated Circuits (IC)of CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology have become daily part of our lives. The CMOS technology has been playing a huge role and serving industries with many solutions to design digital circuits. Many different processes, offered by leading semiconductor manufacturing industries, for designing CMOS based transistors that ranging from 16nm to 180nm with different range of input-output voltages, allowing flexibility to design engineers to achieve their set goals. Such increase in number of transistors aggressively in an IC tends to increase power consumption substantially which results in heat and sometimes breakdown of the device. This paper mainly focuses on unique technique to reduce power consumption of the large integrated circuits by reducing the supply voltage (VDD) slightly higher than their process threshold voltages (Vth). Near this area energy usage is considerably low. This area is called as Near Threshold Voltage (NTV). The NTV technology in this work includes variation in aspect ratio of width and length of transistor channels and variation in number of gate stages of the CMOS circuits. The designed chip proves to be efficient in consuming power between 10 to 480 times less than their requirement of commercially specified voltage, while maintaining the switching of the devices within expected limits by using this NTV technology

6-11

Authors: Dr. Geraldin B. Dela Cruz

Data mining is a relatively new approach in the field of agriculture that can be used in the extraction of knowledge and discovery of patterns and relationships in agricultural data. Classification techniques in data mining are used to discover patterns and knowledge agricultural datasets, however, the accuracy of these classification techniques depends on the quality of data that are used as inputs in the data mining process. In this paper, an efficient data mining methodology based on PCA-GA is applied as a data pre processing technique, to reduce the dimensionality of the soybean dataset. The mechanism draws improvements to classification problems by applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and subsequently applying Genetic Algorithm (GA) to further reduce the dimensionality of the dataset, and selecting the best representative subsets, thereby improving the performance of classifiers. Different data mining classification techniques are applied to the resulting reduced dataset and classification metrics are compared. This approach is to asses classification rates on the PCA-GA reduced soybean dataset. The learning and validation experiment was performed using WEKA, a workbench containing implementations of the k-NN, Naïve Bayes, J4.8 and MLP classification algorithms, including the PCA and GA. Classification accuracy was validated using 10-folds cross validation..

23-28

Authors: Dr. Sana'a khudayer Jadwa

Medical Image processing is one of the most challenging topics in research field. In medical field, CT (Computed Tomography) scan imaging and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are the most important for image based visual diagnostics, but applying segmentation to these images is very tedious and requires an adjusting approach. The main objective of medical image segmentation is to extract and characterize anatomical structures with respect to some input features or expert knowledge. In this paper we have formulated a simple, general, fast, and user-friendly approach to the problem of medical image segmentation based on texture filter. In this method, the experimental results show that the segmentation results are visually satisfactory of medical image texture segmentation.

35-39

Authors: Sneha Anna John, Cinly Thomas

Image segmentation is a technique in image processing where an image is divided into meaningful structures to simplify its representation. Vector quantization helps to map the continuous pixel of input space to discrete pixels in the output image. Here the advantage is to minimize the information loss. The approach in this paper focuses on the spatial as well as the gray level value of the image to effectively derive beneficiary result. The detection of the important components in brain MRI image has become a challenging task in terms of the performance of different existing algorithms. Here the proposed method involves preprocessing of the brain image with tumor, vector quantization, adaptive binarization, application of morphological operations. The calculation of the tumor area is done using the proposed algorithm and manually using active contour method where the accuracy of the proposed method is calculated. In this paper the method extracts the main components of the brain with tumor which includes the skull, the tumor, the gray matter and the white matter. The method could easily extract the tumor of any size from a brain image with tumor having more accuracy than any other existing methods.

50-55

Authors: Pritam R. Tarle, Dr. A. P. Khedkar

Increased smart phone usage has raised issues of their security and privacy. This work proposed a system based on mode-of-uses separation in smart phones to provide security profiles for it. This is a software application developed android smart phone that allows user to define and implement security profiles. It provides applications separation and data separation. Profiles are not hardcoded or predefined rather user can define security profiles. Switching between profiles is automatic based on context detection. Rules based security is provided to restrict access to device resource like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, mobile data, NFC etc. So, other users are restricted from using smartphone resources. Experiments are conducted to observe energy overhead for designed application and to calculate time required for switching of security profiles. Result shows that security profile application does not cause any noticeable overhead.

63-67

Authors: KAMALAKARA.G.K ABHISH M.S

An accident black spot is a term used in road safety management to denote a place where road traffic accidents have historically been concentrated. It may have occurred for a variety of reasons, such as a sharp drop or corner in a straight road, so oncoming traffic is concealed, a hidden junction on a fast road, poor or concealed warning signs at cross-roads. Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Transportation by road is the only mode which could give maximum service to one and all. Due to the increase in population, number of vehicles is increasing day by day which leads to the increase in road network. It has been estimated that over 35,000 persons die and over 12 to 15 million persons are injured every single year in road accidents throughout the world. The present work intended to analyze a black spot (accident prone location) Ramoohalli junction in BANGALORE city. The causes of accidents are studied and suggested different remedial measures to reduce number of accidents.

77-84

Authors: Y.V.S. SAI KRISHNA & R.RAVICHANDRA BABU*

Nickel oxide (NiO) has been synthesized by novel simple method using solution combustion technique employing glycine as a fuel .The synthesized NiO nanostructure is characterized for Surface area by BET analyzer. The ability of NiO nanostructures as adsorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of Cu (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physical & chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and equilibrium contact time were studied. The optimum solution PH for adsorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions in aqueous solutions were at 9.0 and 7.0 respectively and the optimum contact time was found to be 30 min. The adsorption isotherms were obtained using concentrations of the metal ions ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l. This study revealed that NiO nano structure is an effective adsorbent for removal of Cu (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions.

91-98

Authors: Ayush Srivastava[1], Shashi Shekhar Singh[2], Kanupriya Srivastava[3]

The necessity of useable water in India has put forth, the realization, that the water scarcity can be overcome by adapting ancient technology based reservoirs. It also comprises of natural water storage facilities. In order to reduce over-draft, conserve surface runoff and increase available ground water supplies, storage of water in reservoirs along with suitable recharge techniques has to be adapted. Recharge may be incidental, when it is a by-product of normal land and water utilization measures; and planned when the work is carried out with the sole objective of augmenting ground water storage to improve water availability or water quality, reduce impact of floods or preventing/stopping sea water intrusion. In order to increase the ground water availability, rainwater from rooftops would serve the best option that is easily available and can be conveniently adapted.

109-119

Authors: Abir Roy and Guided by Asst.Prof. Avinesh Kumar

A lot of research has been conducted to find alternative material in pavement construction that acts as additive or modifier which could improve the performance of its properties. Bitumen is sensitive to temperature and rate of loading. Thus, bitumen modification has become trigger factors to improve the hot mix asphalt (HMA) properties. This dissertation presents a study of laboratory evaluation on the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) using rubber waste as an additive. In this study, rubber waste is referred as a free fine rubber particle made by size reduction from byproduct of rubber tire making industry. The tests conducted were bitumen ductility, softening point and Marshall Mix design test. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the relationships between Ductility, Softening Point of the bitumen with the amount of rubber waste in bitumen. Meanwhile, Marshall Test was done to evaluate the suitability of rubber waste as bitumen modifier. After, conducting these tests on various sample of bitumen this was found that the property of bitumen varies consecutively with the application of rubber on the bitumen.

129-137

Authors: Rekha Pal and Saurabh Pal

- Health smart card is like ATM card which provide cash benefits to patient through insurance company for hospital and medical benefits without expending money from the patient at the time of need. But now-a-days, fraud is done using the health smart card as few patients does not know the real cost of the treatment, so doctor take more payment and benefits through health smart card and generate fraud cash benefits. In this paper we proposed health fraud detection using different data mining techniques with the help of ID3, J48, Naïve Bayes. We have presented better accurate data by classifying all observations of fraud.

143-151

Authors: N.Annlin Bezy*, A.Lesly Fathima

Nanocomposites are new materials made with fillers having nanosize. The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of epoxy resin with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. In this present work, titanium dioxide nanoparticle is prepared by sol gel method, using Titanium tetra isopropoxide and acetic acid. The synthesized Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are characterized by XRD and the grain size in nanoscale is conformed. The sheets of neat epoxy resin and epoxy with addition of TiO2 are primed by solution casting method. Mechanical studies of developed polymer sheets reveal much variation by incorporation of TiO2. This is probably due to different dispersion of nanoparticles in epoxy resin.

160-163

Authors: Megha Garg

Flipped classrooms reverse the role of traditional teaching where in students gain exposure through learning material like videos, power point presentations and notes outside classroom and the class time is utilised for problem solving and discussions in order to master the concepts. Flipped classrooms encourage students to learn at their own pace releasing frustrations and undue burden on students to pace up. Those students who have to miss some classes do not lose the course content. It provides opportunity for active interactions among students outside class via an online course website, facilitates social learning and is successful in providing timely, accurate feedback required by instructor to keep track of class progress and render required help to students. The intellectually drilled-down personalised feedback reports of tests helps in identification of the weaker areas or concepts misunderstood during the course of learning. The timely help to combat weaker areas accelerates the pace of learning and is not possible in traditional learning with large students in a classroom. Individual student difficulties are easily traced by the teacher using Outcome Based Education (OBE) reports generated by online OBE softwares. The online course ‘Programming in C’ taught using flipped classroom platform Inpods registers the students and divides them into pod groups for group assignments. Short videos of 15 minutes each containing one topic of a chapter were developed to maintain attention level in students, keeping the mind the short attention span of 21st millennia students. The created assignments were meticulously designed to test students on their level of understanding concepts. Timely accurate personalised reports paved an easier way for re-teaching .The student feedbacks aided in improving the course delivery material . Difficulties of the students in programming were handled efficiently by knowing weak-spots well on time and learning pace of C programming in students clearly enhanced using flipped classrooms.

168-175

Authors: Mainak Mukherjee1, Surajit Mondal2 , Amit K Choudhury3

Carbon dioxide is a harmful gas and is leading us to a globally warmer environment. This deciphered the concept of capturing carbon dioxide from air and storing it in places which would not be vulnerable and out of reach from reentering the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration is a highly challenging technology and is therefore quite limited in its application till date. Though there are several practical applications that have been structured out and is very well used. Coming across from capturing and then storing, the process involves a huge implementation of technology. Storing the captured carbon dioxide into exhausted oil and gas beds under sea is supposedly the best option till date. Transferring down the carbon dioxide is usually mapped by using booster pumps. As an alternative multiphase pumps can also be utilized owing to its versatile features.

180-191

Authors: Sanjib Das1, Jonti Saikia2, Soumita Das3 and Nural Goni4

Although various solutions are available for de-noising them, a detail study of the research is required in order to design a filter which will fulfil the desire aspects along with handling most of the image filtering issues. In this paper we want to present some of the most commonly used noise filtering techniques namely: Median filter, Gaussian filter, Kuan filter, Morphological filter, Homomorphic Filter, Bilateral Filter and wavelet filter. Median filter is used for reducing the amount of intensity variation from one pixel to another pixel. Gaussian filter is a smoothing filter in the 2D convolution operation that is used to remove noise and blur from image. Kuan filtering technique transforms multiplicative noise model into additive noise model. Morphological filter is defined as increasing idempotent operators and their laws of composition are proved. Homomorphic Filter normalizes the brightness across an image and increases contrast. Bilateral Filter is a non-linear edge preserving and noise reducing smoothing filter for images. Wavelet transform can be applied to image de-noising and it has been extremely successful. Salt and pepper noise, Speckle noise and Gaussian noise are introduced to clean images and filtered using the filtering techniques mentioned above. The performance of the filtering techniques is evaluated based on signal to noise ratio. It is found that Wavelet based filter gives the best result amongst the chosen filtering techniques.

202-208

Authors: 1Ms. Sonal Kutade, 2Prof. Poonam Dhamal

Always it is hard to discover the relevant information in unstructured text documents. The structured information remains buried in unstructured text. Annotations in the form of Attribute name-value pairs are more expressive for retrieval of such documents. This system proposes a novel, different, alternative approach for document retrieval which includes annotations identification and also extends the existing system using fuzzy search with proximity ranking. This system identifies the values of structured attributes by reading, analyzing and parsing the uploaded documents. Searching process will make use of fuzzy search with proximity ranking for searching the user interested documents only. Thus this system proposes an approach for efficient document retrieval using effective methods.

219-231

Authors: Mrs. Bhuvaneshwari S Patil1, Sheta Vipul B2

In computing field, central processing unit (CPU) plays role of running the jobs. The aim of CPU is to handle the jobs with respect to the scheduling methods of operating system. Jobs are being generated and executed which also allow preemption during running. Different numbers of scheduling methods already exist and many are in progress. In usual scheduling, there are chances of jobs not done, so completion of given set of jobs on time basis has created. Some techniques are used to find total possible jobs done along with its utilization. Concept used is smallest period and fastest deadline and some variation to complete the set of jobs. One of the concepts of green computing is to minimum power usage in CPU with keeping the clock cycle fixed .Energy usage is critical part of any computer systems. This can be used in any devices which run through battery e.g. mobile, laptops, embedded system, servers, etc. with respect to this project which will be mostly used for servers, where jobs are never ending. At operating system position, scheduling has being executed at different clock cycle and calculated energy used during their run time. Hence comparisons are made and analysis is done to find the energy efficient clock cycle with respect to fixed set continuous amount of jobs. The analysis involves the approximately constant time which is important criteria. Conclusion is derived which says “What Megahertz (MHz) of the CPU will perform jobs and save energy efficiently?”

239-244

Authors: Nilesh Subhash nalawadea, Mrs. Meenakshi Pawarb

The ability to perform forecasting calculations is an important thing for forecasting practitioners as it helps them in planning and determining their networks. Accurate forecasting helps forecasting practitioners to provide guidance to business peoples to take important decisions about their business in advance. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Recommendation E.507 explains about many techniques for evaluating the forecasting models and choice of the model. But, it does not provide any guidance to select which models are more proper for forecasting the telecommunications series. This paper deals with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model for forecasting telecommunication data. Evaluation metrics such as Sum of Squared Regression, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Deviation, Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Maximum Absolute Error shows that the ARIMA models provides good forecasting performance. Abstract must be of Time New Roman Front of size 10 and must be justified alignment.

250-261

Authors: Prof. Dr. D. N. Shinde (Guide) 1, Mr. Mahesh D. Patil ( Student )2

While designing any structure, now days the seismic performance of structure is very much important. The basic aim of this dissertation is to analyze the RCC, bridge, statically and dynamically. The performance of bridge is studied with and without application of isolation system. This includes the study of rigid bridge, base isolated bridge, and bridge with bearings between girder and top of pier. The effect of seismic force on these bridge model is carefully studied by applying the seismic force. Depending on behavior of these models the actual seismic demand of bridge is determined and also the importance of isolation system is taken into consideration. The attempts are done to reduce the seismic effect thereby introducing the isolation. The isolations are of various type, here elastomeric bearing and led rubber isolator is used. Also, the comparison of isolated and un isolated bridge structure is carried out. The analysis is mainly consists of response spectrum analysis, time history analysis, eigen value analysis, moving load analysis, and non linear push over analysis etc.

266-273

Authors: Madhvi Dhankar, Jigyasha Soni

In the past few years, a serious problem about unauthorized and illegal access of secure contents or data, along with manipulation of multimedia files over internet or wireless channels has been strongly noticed. This leads to a serious requirement of a robust technique that can hide the secure data with high security efficiency and also have robustness against the various attacks often occurred after transmission of data in the wireless channels or internet. With the advancement in digital information exchange in the form of image and videos this field has become highly insecure. Most of the time a secure image which has to be transmit securely is first embedded on a cover image and then the cover image will be then transmitted instead of original secure image. This process is known as invisible watermarking or also known as image data hiding. This is the most important and crucial process for transmitting a secure image over open communication channel. Lots of techniques have been developed in past years to achieve high security and robustness against the various attacks. This paper proposed a novel technique for highly secure image data transmission based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Singular value decomposition (SVD) based image data hiding along with advance encryption standard (AES) to enhance the security level. Particularly DWT and SVD based image data embedding over cover image is proposed to achieve higher robustness against various attacks, while AES ensures higher efficiency of transmission security. This hybrid technique leads to optimize both the fundamentally conflicting requirements. To present complete data security efficiency of the proposed technique various parameters like, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), embedding rate (ER) and bit error rate (BER) have been employed.

289-294

Authors: Lekhraj Pandit1,R. R. Shinde2

— A Bracing is a system that is provided to minimize the lateral deflection of the structure. The use of braced frames has become more popular in high rise structure and also in seismic design of structure. So this thesis aims to investigate the performance of steel bracing steel structure. In this project a steel building model is taken, this model is compared in different aspects such as axial force and bending moment in column and story displacement. Using different sections as bracing at critical storey Among these numbers of trials which type of bracing at critical section is more suitable from the observed results would be selected for the structure

300-305

Authors: Jasleen Kaur[1], Dr. Sushil Garg[2]

Cloud is a metaphor for network that provides its services such as dynamic resource pools, high availability and virtualization using Internet know as Cloud Computing. Cloud Computing provides resources to the users over internet as per their demand. Service on demand is an important feature of cloud computing as it enables the user to pay for the required resources only. There are many Cloud Service Providers (CSP) such as Google, Microsoft, IBM, Oracle Corporation, Amazon Web Services, etc. which provide cloud services to users. Since cloud computing involves sending data over internet, security breach needs to be monitored and controlled. So, this paper introduces a new hybrid algorithm which is blend of two cryptographic algorithms: public key cryptography and secret key cryptography. This new algorithm is hybrid of RSA as Digital Signature and Blowfish Algorithm and will provide security to the data while being uploaded or downloaded from cloud.

316-326

Authors: Sheo Prasad Shukla

Quality (characteristics) and quantity (concentrations) of atmospheric particles are critical in neutralizing the atmospheric acidity and aiding to formation of secondary particles. To examine the formation of secondary particles, an integrated approach involving seasonal measurements and characterization of particulate matter (PM) is adopted. 109 PM10 samples were collected at Kidwai Nagar during 2000-2001 in a three season study. The concentration of metals and water-soluble ions in collected samples were determined for source apportionment estimations. Soil-road dust (26-36%) and inorganic secondary particles (4-11%) were two important PM10 sources. It was found that role of ammonia was crucial in formation of secondary particles.

331-334

Authors: SYED HASAN MEHDI1, Dr. ZAHIR HASAN2

Tribology is the study of rubbing, friction and wear. When it applied to biological entities then Bio-Tribology came into consideration. The principle of Tribological study and understanding is not just constrained for solving Mechanical Engineering problems. In fact, effective solutions of friction, wear and lubrication related problems can be entertain by Bio-Tribology in human daily life. Bio-Tribology has a critical role in medical processes like medical insertion. This paper describes the role of Bio-Tribology in medical insertion especially in urinary catheterization, which is an essential process in medical field. Catheterization causes rubbing action which causes friction as patient discomfort. Lubrication plays an important and vital role in the operation of any machine/ device. Therefore the role of lubrication for human body can be explained under the environment of Bio-Tribology.

345-358

Authors: Sanghratna S. Waghmare, Tanvir Arfin

Fluoride is an ordinary constituent of characteristics in water samples. Its concentration, however, different fundamentally relying upon the water source. Fluoride is deductively demonstrated to counteract tooth decay and to help in accomplishing and keeping up great oral wellbeing. Water fluoridation is a safe and practical general wellbeing measure that is prescribed by more than 90 medical, dental, and health organizations at the national and worldwide level. The fluoride deliberate of groundwater at Kommala zone of Warangal district uncovered that around 85.83% specimens are discovered surpassing allowable breaking point Dental fluorosis is more inclined in the youngsters upto the age of 8-10 of fluoride influenced ranges where fluoride concentration is more than passable cutoff of 1.5 mg/l. The local government likewise has a key part to play in guaranteeing that people have admittance to fluoridated water wherever they live and empowering districts over the territory to have the capacity to convey it by sponsoring expenses where important. In the present review, the indian situation and wellbeing issue have been progressed for further view.

366-370

Authors: Achal Sancheti

Security is an evolving domain of computer security, network security, cloud security and, more broadly, information security. It refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of the system. The physical machines are logically divided into virtual machines and virtual machines are rapidly replacing physical machine infrastructures for their abilities to emulate hardware environments, share hardware resources, and utilize a variety of operating systems. Its security becomes more important. This paper focuses on the security issues that are still to be overcome in Virtual Machine File System and Network File System.

382-389

Authors: Orooba Ismaeel Ibraheem Al-Farraji

Digital image steganography has been proposed as a method to enhance medical data security . confidentiality and integrity . Medical image steganography requires extreme care when embedding additional data within the medical images because the additional information must not affect the image quality. Many of the exploration systems used for medical diagnosis are based on the medical study images.

396-409

Authors: Er. Madhusmita Balabantaray, Er. Jyoti Prakash Swain,Dr.Madhumita Dash

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of a group of small power-constrained nodes with functions of sensing and communication, which can be scattered over a vast region for the purpose of detecting or monitoring some special events.Today One of the fundamental issues in sensor networks is the coverage problem, which reflects how well a sensor network is monitored or tracked by sensors. In this paper, we formulate this problem as a decision problem, whose goal is to determine whether every point in the service area of the sensor network is covered by at least k sensors, where k is a given parameter. The sensing ranges of sensors can be unit disks or non-unit disks. We present polynomial-time algorithms, in terms of the number of sensors, that can be easily translated to distributed protocols. The result is a generalization of some earlier results where only k = 1 is assumed. Applications of the result include determining insufficiently covered areas in a sensor network, enhancing fault-tolerant capability in hostile regions, and conserving energies of redundant sensors in a randomly deployed network. Our solutions can be easily translated to distributed protocols to solve the coverage

421-433

Authors: PARTHIBAN S1, ARSHAD MOHAMED GANI P2, VASUDEVAN R3, NAVEEN KUMAR C4

The main objective of this work is to study the wear characteristics that govern on the piston ring pack inside the piston assembly of an engine. Among several methods, most profitable method is to provide a coating layer on the piston ring pack. Since, ring seal is essential to the performance of the engine, it is must be a perfect seal between the ring pack and cylinder wall. In this phase, existing material of the piston ring material were considered and studied, a model corresponding to its dimensions were prepared and analysis were done on them in static conditions. Also, Mathematical calculations were performed in designing the ring pack for modelling. The study on coating materials were made and suitable materials were chosen for coating.

440-448

Authors: Anjali R D, Sheenu. P

Wind energy conversion systems are now seeking great importance today. Replacing Fixed speed wind turbine system with variable speed turbine system improves the performance. To extract and deliver maximum power from wind energy systems, power electronic devices are using. To reduce the harmonics due to the switching action , reactive power control algorithm is used in this work. To maintain the dc link voltage, a rectifier is used. The whole system is simulated for wind energy conversion systems using reactive power controlled Two level inverter with controlled and uncontrolled rectifiers.

456-462

Authors: Prof.G.N.Narule1, Mr.A.V.Mendgule2

A building undergoes progressive collapse when a primary structural element fails, resulting in the failure damage is disproportionate to the original cause, so the term disproportionate collapse is also used to describe this collapse type. Progressive collapse can be triggered by manmade, natural, intentional, or unintentional causes. Explosion, fires, earthquakes creates large amounts of stresses and the failure of supporting structural members can lead to a progressive collapse failure. Progressive collapse is a complicated dynamic process where the collapsing system redistributes the loads in order to prevent the loss of critical structural members. For this reason beams, columns, and frame connections must be designed in a way to handle the potential redistribution of large loads. This research provides insight into the structural configuration to achieve a demand to capacity ratio of appropriate quantity and prevent collapse in the event of a single column loss. Several relationships developed between various analysis procedure against shear forces. Ultimately, all this information can be used in design codes where there are currently very limited or no specific rules or guidelines.

475-488

Authors: Jijin V.1, Preetha Prabhakaran2

Column jacketing with FRP sheets plays an important role in enhancing the performance of RC column. FRP is an Advanced Composite Material (ACM) that is relatively new material to civil engineering. It holds a better choice than reinforcing steel in certain applications. In order to attain large deformation before failure occurs and to enhance an adequate load resistance capacity, RC columns has to be laterally jacketed. Jacketing RC column with FRP improves column performance not only by carrying some fraction of axial load applied to it but also by providing lateral confining pressure to the column externally. In this work a comparative study on GFRP jacketed RC columns and CFRP jacketed RC columns of different shapes having same cross-sectional area were analysed. Buckling analysis on RC columns of circular, rectangular and square cross-sectional shapes has been done in ANSYS 15. FRP Jacketing increases the load carrying capacity of all RC columns. CFRP Jacketed RC columns shows a better load carrying capacity than GFRP Jacketed RC Columns when both axial and eccentric loadings were applied in circular, rectangular and square cross-sectional shapes.

495-508

Authors: Pragya Srivastava[1], Ayush Srivastava[2]

Curcumin, an active constituent of Curcuma longa, is responsible for the anticarcinogenic activities which are mediated through multiple mechanisms. The cytotoxicity tests were performed in this experiment which defines the upper limit of the extract concentration, which can be used in subsequent anticancer studies. In vitro cytotoxic activity of turmeric extracts against Hep2 cancer cell lines were evaluated in this experiment. Hep2 cells were treated with different concentration of plant extracts and morphological changes were observed under inverted microscope. First, the cell viability check was done with the trypan blue and then different concentrations of turmeric extracts were treated with MTT (3 4, 5dimethylthiazolyl2)2,5diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) and NRU (Neutral Red Uptake). The test sample showing cytotoxicity of more than 97% at 1000µg/ml, were considered to be less active at minimum concentration. At last DNA fragmentation method was used to determine the induction of apoptosis inside the cell.

517-524

Authors: Anu George1, S. Usha2

Laminate composite materials are composite materials in which layers of different properties are bonded together to act as an integral part. In structures, cutouts provided in laminated composite plate show reduction in strength, stiffness and inertia. Laminated composite plates have wide application in the aerospace, automotive, marine and civil areas. Cutouts are necessary to serve the purpose of weight reduction, venting and attachments to other units for the cable to pass through are so on. This paper compares the critical buckling load of the laminated composite plate with and without cutout by changing the fibre orientation by experimental and numerical methods. Glass/epoxy laminated composite plate was used here. Laminated composite plate with circular cutout shows a decrease in buckling load than plates without cutout. Also the buckling load decreases with increase in fibre angles. The maximum buckling load combination was obtained with fibre orientation 45/-45/45/-45/45/-45/45/-45 with circular cutout

531-536

Authors: YOGESH P SAJJAN1, KRISHNA R2, SHAHUL H3

with the widespread use of digital techniques in modern communication systems, Digital Beam Forming (DBF) technique can be used for radar transmitter Beam Steering. Beam forming is a signal processing technique used for directional signal transmission or reception in antenna arrays and is achieved by controlling the phase and amplitude of each antenna element. The functions of a Timing Signal Generator (TSG) of a radar system is been implemented using VHDL programming and targeting it on to a FPGA. TSG works directly under the control of Radar Controller (RC) implemented using MATLAB and interfaced through Ethernet. Multiple DDS chips is used to generate multichannel radar waveforms and FPGA is used to send data and control signals to these DDS chips via SPI to achieve DBF. DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) is a digitally controlled method of generating signals whose frequency, phase and amplitude are controlled by the respective description words. A sixteen channel direct-digital waveform synthesizer has been developed to enable Digital Beam Steering of the transmitting side for a 4x4 array Patch Antenna. Each antenna element has separate beam forming exciter. The RC communicates to the TSG unit implemented in FPGA and sends commands to TSG. Through the RC GUI, the control parameters like frequency and phase shift values are sent to the TSG. Based on the control signals, data has to be sent to internal registers of each DDS. Xilinx FPGA is used to program sixteen AD9957 DDS and output of FPGA and DDS devices are analyzed.

548-555

Authors: Author – 1) Mr. Mayur K..Mohod (M.E. EXTC)

The LNA function, play an important role in the receiver designs. Its main function is to amplify extremely low signals without adding noise, thus preserving the required Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the system at extremely low power levels. Amplification is one of the most basic and prevalent RF circuit functions in modern RF and microwave systems. Microwave transistor amplifiers are rugged, low cost, and reliable and can easily be integrated in both hybrid and monolithic integrated circuitry. To amplify the received signal in a RF system, a low noise amplifier (LNA) is required. The goal of this is to design an LNA with lowest noise figure possible, with gain as high as possible for the given FET and information. An amplifier is designed for the purpose on increasing level of voltage, current or power. The amount of this increase is known as gain on amplifier. First stage of a receiver is typically a low noise amplifier (LNA), whose main function is to provide enough gain to overcome the noise of subsequent stages. Aside from providing this gain while adding as little noise as possible, an LNA should accommodate large signal without distortion and frequently must also prevent specific impedance, such as 50Ω, to the input source. CMOS amplifier will implement in 90 nm CMOS technology using ADS tool operating on wireless and Wi-fi Application. This ADS tool gives the advantages in the designing of LNA.

567-572

Authors: Pallavi Mahajan1, Arati Deshpande2

Today, the enterprise landscape faces large amount of data. The information gathered from these data sources are useful for improving on product and services delivery. However, it is challenging to perform searching activities on these data sources because of its unstructured nature Due to unstructured nature of these data, NoSQL storage has been adapted by many enterprises because it provides better storage facility. NoSQL storage can store schema oriented, semi structured, schema less data and its document append storage has received high attention because it provides the flexibility to store JSON based data. However to provide effective indexing and searching on these data is a challenging task. This work discuss concept of multiterm inverted index which is used with index pruning algorithm. The multiterm inverted indexing reduces the overhead for intersecting the inverted lists of keys in multi-term queries, by storing combinations of terms as keys in the index.

580-586

Authors: Vani Shaji1 and Vani. V. Prakash2

Chaos Game Representation (CGR) is used to produce unique images from symbolic sequences, which can serve as signature images of the sequence. In this paper, we pose and answer an interesting question- can we use CGR as a substitution of hashing in medical images? We show that it is possible to generate CGR for medical images as well as can be used to verify the integrity of the image. We go on to show that we can watermark the image using CGR to further verify the confidentiality and authenticity of the medical image.

591-597

Authors: Amit Krishan1, Ankita Srivastava2

Discharge of untreated nutrient rich dairy industry wastewater is a problematic issue, which may cause pollution and eutrophication of receiving water. The recovery of nutrients using a chemical precipitation and crystallization technique will provide value added product struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O), known as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, a slow releasing fertilizer from dairy wastewater. 20 liters capacity Struvite Fed Batch Reactor was designed to perform the experiment. In this study the characteristic of dairy wastewater was analyzed to assess the recovery potential of method and percentage of reduction in pollutant concentration. The concentration of total solid, total dissolved solids, total hardness and magnesium hardness were increased after the treatment but the concentration of calcium hardness was decreased. It was observed that the efficiency of BOD, COD, Phosphate and Ammonia removal was 66%, 87%, 93 % and 89% respectively. Application of struvite precipitation method will save the nutrients and reduce environmental pollution.

614-617

Authors: Mr.V.D.Salunkhe1,Assistant Prof.Y.P.Pawar2

- The Indian standard “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: IS 1893:2002” has been revised.The seismic zone factors have been changed. Response spectra are now specified for 03 types of founding soil strata & a response reduction factor has been introduced. E Elevated water tanks are vulnerable to earthquakes, owing to large mass concentrated at the top of relatively slender supporting systems. Existing elevated water tanks in India designed using IS 1893:1984 needs to be checked for safety as per revised code (IS 1893-2002) by carrying out static analysis. It is observed that the structure is unsafe due to under estimation of seismic load as per old code provisions. Retrofit measures such as additional structural elements and passive devices like viscous and friction dampers are modelled and structure analysed again to check for compliance with the revised code.

624-631

Authors: Sanilkumar N S1, Aby Thomas2

Nowadays, memories we use are cheap, easily available in market, compact, have high programmability and available on various ranges of size and type. But the dis-advantage with these memories is that whenever there is a radiation strike on sensitive part of memory circuit, the data stored in the memory will be corrupted. These types of errors are common in radiation-prone environment like space, aircrafts, radiation research laboratories, power plants, mines etc. One of the remedies for this is to use error correction codes. Different error correction codes are available, from simple to complex. As the complexity increases efficiency also increases. Radiation will effect closer memory locations mainly as they are adjacent to each other. SEC-DAED code provides single error correction and double adjacent error detection, but cannot do anything about triple error detection. Codes like SEC-DED-TAED will also provide triple error detection but there is no provision for double error correction. This project compare different error correction codes and develop a new method which will provide single and double adjacent error correction which is occurring most time and also provide double non adjacent and triple adjacent error detection. The coding is done using VHDL in Xilinx 14.5 and simulations were obtained using ISim simulator. The project was implemented on Spartan3 XC3s200 FPGA platform.

639-647

Authors: Taofeeq Sholagberu ABDULKADIR1*, Adebayo Wahab SALAMI2, Bolaji Fatai SULE3 - Josiah A ADEYEMO4 -

- Reservoirs are constructed to accommodate unregulated excess random water flows in the periods of high flows for use in low-flow periods. In most cases, these reservoirs are meant to perform multiple objectives. As a result of high variability of annual rainfall and conflicting demand for water resources, the study of reservoir operation requires accurate forecasting of available water in the reservoir, which helps in planning and management of multi-objective reservoirs. This paper therefore, presents the operation of hydropower reservoirs in Nigeria by forecasting their future storage using Neural Network (NN) model. The networks were created and trained with monthly historical data such as reservoir inflow, turbine releases, reservoir storage and evaporation losses for Jebba, Kainji and Shiroro hydropower dams. The trained networks yielded 95% & 97% of goodness of fit respectively for training and testing of data at Jebba, 69% &75% at Kainji and 98% & 97% at Shiroro. The correlation coefficients between the forecast and observed reservoir storage of 0.64, 0.79 and 0.84 were obtained for Jebba, Kainji and Shiroro reservoirs respectively. The values of correlation coefficient suggested that the model fairly fit the variables and can subsequently be used for prediction of reservoir storage for operational performance.

656-660

Authors: Mr. Roshan R. More, Prof. C.B Kothare, Prof. K. S. Raizada

Energy crises, resulted into studies of various non-traditional bio-oriented fuels, biodiesel can be used as additives for diesel engine. Researches on ethanol show better replacement of diesel without any modification of engine to some extent for ethanol. Further advancement in technology explored the chances of ethanol as alternative fuel for diesel engine. It is seen that the addition of biodiesel is valuable to remove diesel-ethanol phase separation which validated the use of its blends on the diesel engine .In this study, biodiesel which is defined as a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids has produced from animal fat oil by transesterification process and its different properties are calculated and studied and also compared with the properties of diesel and ethanol. Blends of biodiesel, ethanol and diesel are made on the percentage of volume basis. In these blends, biodiesel used 5-15%, ethanol 15-30% and remaining was the percentage of diesel.

671-673

Authors: Mukesh Kumar 1, Shimi S.L 2.

This paper presents the review on different voice recognition based home automation technologies for the paralyzed and elderly people. Elderly people and people suffering from paralysis require third person assistance most of the time. The home automation systems are gaining popularity now a day due to their wide operation capability. Some use these home automation system seeking luxury while for the disabled people it provides a great assistance. With voice as interacting medium to control devices it becomes more user friendly and easy to operate the system rather than using some remote controller which requires physical movement which the disabled person may find uncomfortable. The voice recognition based home automation system for paralyzed and elderly people are mainly focus on controlling the electrical appliances in the home like switching the fan on or off, turning a.c on or off etc. The other voice recognition based automation system which aids the disabled people is voice automated wheel chair. There has not been any voice automated control for the bed elevation positioning by which disabled people can adjust the elevation angle of bed according to their need and comfort. From above perspective, this paper attempts to present review of existing home automation system for the paralyzed people, deliberations on pros and cons, and a proposal for voice recognition based home automation system which can control the home appliances and can actuates the bed elevation according to the disabled person need and comfort.

679-685

Authors: Mr. Naveen Kumar.Chundy

— In this paper we present a solution to one of the location-based query problems. This problem is defined as follows: (i) a user wants to query a database of location data, known as Points Of Interest (POIs), and does not want to reveal his/her location to the server due to privacy concerns; (ii) the owner of the location data, that is, the location server, does not want to simply distribute its data to all users. The location server desires to have some control over its data, since the data is its asset. We propose a major enhancement upon previous solutions by introducing a two stage approach, where the first step is based on Oblivious Transfer and the second step is based on Private Information Retrieval, to achieve a secure solution for both parties. The solution we present is efficient and practical in many scenarios. We implement our solution on a desktop machine and a mobile device to assess the efficiency of our protocol. We also introduce a security model and analyse the security in the context of our protocol. Finally, we highlight a security weakness of our previous work and present a solution to overcome it.

689-695

Authors: Ruchika Sinhal1, Kapil Gupta2

Over the past years there is continuous involvement in field of Machine Learning. There are different applications which help common man to tackle with different languages all over the world. The demand for language translation has greatly increased in recent times due to increasing cross-regional communication and the need for information exchange. Most material needs to be translated, including scientific and technical documentation, instruction manuals, legal documents, textbooks, publicity leaflets, newspaper reports etc. Some of this work is challenging and difficult but mostly it is tedious and repetitive and requires consistency and accuracy. It is becoming difficult for professional translators to meet the increasing demands of translation. In such a situation the machine translation can be used as a substitute. Then also there are many challenges faced in this filed and building the applications. The paper gives the brief description about the concept in machine translation, the challenges involved and our way of solving the problem.

699-707

Authors: Vishal asokan1, Arshad Mohammed Gani P2, Vimal M3, Mohammed nooh muballigh A4,

Each single system has been studied and developed in order to meet safety requirement. Instead of having air bag, good suspension systems, good handling and safe cornering, there is one most critical system in the vehicle which is brake systems. Without brake system in the vehicle will put a passenger in unsafe position. Therefore, it is must for all vehicles to have proper brake system. In this paper carbon ceramic matrix disc brake material and steel material use for calculating normal force, shear force and braking torque. And also calculating the brake distance of disc brake. The standard disc brake (Four) wheelers model using in Ansys and done the Static Structural analysis also calculate the deflection of the brake model. This is important to understand action force and friction force on the disc brake new material, how disc brake works more efficiently, which can help to reduce the accident that may happen in each day.

715-723

Authors: Prachi Choubey, Vandana Roy

Directional Coupler (DC) is a passive device which is primarily employed for monitoring purposes. It is also used in wide range of applications such as antenna feeds, balanced mixers, modulators, phase shifters, as power combiners, as reflectometers. The paper discusses the designing issues of a coupled line-microstripline directional coupler and designs a directional coupler yielding directivity of ~21 dB for the frequency 505.8 MHz. The effects of strip thickness, and substrate thickness have been studied while optimizing the design parameters in order to enhance the directivity of the coupler.

735-744

Authors: Noel Vincent1, Shiny Mathew1, Shilu Mathew2 and Ishtiaq Qadri3*

This paper presents a comprehensive scheme for 3D modeling of objects from series of images that perform multi-view calibration and dense 3D point cloud computation. The proposed methodology is induced by 3D model construction which involves Image matching that finds common local sub-image between two pictures ,on which Structure from Motion (SFM) estimates the relative camera position from anchor points computed in the previous step and Multiple View Stereovision (MVS) which calculates a dense representation of the 3D model (Dense point cloud). The position of a camera can also be computed from correspondences between 3D points and corresponding projections in the image plane such that the Pi configuration minimizes the re-projection errors between the rays passing through optical camera center to 3D points and the 2d image plane coordinates. The modern techniques of SFM and Image Based modeling have provided simple and accurate automation to record and construct 3 dimensional data.

751-755

Authors: Shiny Mathew1, Noel Vincent1, Shilu Mathew2 and Ishtiaq Qadri3*

This paper defines an intelligent decision support system for diagnostics for typhoid fever. Typhoid fever has numerous variables involved in identification of the disease. These variable are transformed into membership functions and passed onto the Fuzzy Logic System. The fuzzy logic System consists of the following stages fuzzification which converts the crisp data into variable data, Hidden layers which performs logical functions and using firing rules from the fuzzy data, lastly the defuzzification stage involves in transforming the fuzzy data into crisp data for analysis and identification of the disease.This decision support system works parallel with the centralized server for easy utilization of the application in different units.

762-768

Authors: POOJA PRASENAN

A new method based on compressive sensing and resolution enhancement is proposed in this paper.This method initially compresses the satellite image and then increases its resolution using DWT.Initially the satellite image is compressed,so it eliminates the requirement of taking all the samples. The main purpose of this technique is that it eliminates the Nyquist criteria, that is, sampling frequency must be greater Compressive Sensing technique and it gives the best results in signal compression as it increases the PSNR and visual quality of the satellite images as compared to existing techniques,then to this image again DWT is applied, in order to obtain sub-band images after whichbicubic interpolation of the high‐frequency sub-band images is done and the input image along with the interpolated compressed image is combined using IDWT. In order to achieve a sharper image.The proposed technique has been tested on various images. The quantitative PSNR (i.e peak signal-to-noise ratio) and visual results shows the superiority of the proposed technique based on DWT(discrete wavelet transform). The proposed technique is better compared with the state‐of‐art techniques.

775-779

Authors: Praveen Kumar Loharkar

Seamless tube cold drawing is one of the most important bulk deformation processes as the products manufactured through this process are utilized in various engineering sectors like automobile manufacturing, mining industry, pipelines, boiler manufacturing etc. Therefore, it becomes quite significant to establish optimum values of parameters associated with the process and use the existing computational facilities to develop a simulation environment for the cold drawing process itself. This paper is an effort to demonstrate the use of finite element method to analyse cold drawing process and to determine the effect of the process by variation of the parameters like die entry angle and cross-section reduction on the industrial cold drawn seamless tube.

786-798

Authors: Ali Amer A. Hadi

Cement production considers one of the most intensiveenergy consumingand largest carbon emitting industrial sectorsaccording to very high temperature required to produce cement clinker. This paperhighlights the importance of the waste heat recovery in the clinker cooler of cement industry via indirect approach to reheat the working fluid of cogeneration cycle. Diverse base fluids with Al2O3nanoparticlesas a working fluid were used in a closed recoverycycle.The effect of inlet working fluid temperatureand volume fraction of nanoparticles on the energy saving, emission reductions and cost saving werestudied.It was found that the utilization of Al2O3-engine oil as a working fluid for a closed recovery cycle gave the best indication as a comparison with Al2O3-water and Al2O3-ethylene glycol. As well as, it was found that the energy saving, emissions reduction and cost saving increase as a result of increasing in nanoparticles concentration and inlet working fluid temperature.

809-815

Authors: Yugant A. Parate1 Ankita Y. Pai2

In the last two decades, power demand has increased substantially while the expansion of power generation and transmission has been severely limited due to limited resources and environmental restrictions. As a consequence, some transmission lines are heavily loaded and the system stability becomes a power transfer-limiting factor. Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) controllers have been mainly used for solving various power system steady state control problems. Flexible AC transmission systems or FACTS are devices which allow the flexible and dynamic control of power systems. Enhancement of system stability using FACTS controllers has been investigated. This paper is aimed towards the benefits of utilizing FACTS devices with the purpose of improving the operation of an electrical power system. Performance comparison of different FACTS controllers has been discussed. In addition, some of the utility experience and semiconductor technology development have been reviewed and summarized. Applications of FACTS to power system studies have also been discussed.

823-830

Authors: Aashish Anand

-- In current technology advances have led to the beginning of small, low-power devices that integrate sensors and actuators with limited on-board processing and wireless communication capabilities to a large extent the effectiveness of the wireless sensor networks depends on the coverage provided by the sensor deployment scheme. There are different deployment demands and optimization goals in different environment. In this research paper, first sensor node sense the dead node occurrence zone & then overlap randomly shift the node on target location an overlap sensing ratio has been proposed for the coverage which is divided with dual base station, single base station coverage is fifty percent of the network size which get improving sensing area for maximum distance in WSNs. This method increases the total coverage ratio by overlap sensing after the initial deployment with AWGN channel

839-845

Authors: Eldhose Joy

Nowadays we all are aware that man’s urban and modern life style requires huge amount of ever increasing energy. This is the energy required to run manufacturing units, factories, machines, automobiles, homes, etc. in terms of electricity for heating, lighting and many other purposes. As most of this energy comes from non-renewable sources, it is essential to conserve it. Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption. This project deals with various methods adopted for the conservation of energy at HOCL. This study was conducted in the Cochin unit of HOCL where various energy saving techniques for energy conservation is adopted by the petrochemical industry. And suggestions for implementing new techniques are proposed. They are: 1) Energy efficient lighting involves use of energy efficient tube lights, 2) Variable Frequency Drives, employed for motors with variable load, 3) Trimming of pump impellers, 4) FRP blades for fans. After implementing the suggested conditions it is anticipated to save 14,50,428 Units of energy annually. This will save ₹ 84,26,987 for the company annually. For implementing the suggested modifications, a capital investment of ₹ 15,76,750 is needed. This amount can be recovered by the company in just 3 months of simple payback period.

852-863

Authors: Lumesh Kumar Sahu1, Ankit Dubey2, Shailesh M. Deshmukh3

Most of Power systems are steadily increasing with ever higher capacity. All individual systems are interconnected to each other. The Modern power systems have transformed into the system of very large size. With growing generation capacity, different areas in power system are added with very large inertia. As a consequence in large interconnected power systems, low frequency oscillations have large importance. Low frequency oscillations include local area modes and inter-area modes. Inter-area modes of oscillations may be caused by the either high gain exciters or heavy power transfer across weak tie line. The occurrence of the inter-area oscillations depends on various reasons such as weak ties between interconnected areas, voltage level, transmitted power and load. At time, the oscillations may continue to grow causing the instability of the power system. lots of power system stabilizers have been developed by the researchers in the past few years, but the area is still open for the efficient power stabilizer development which can efficiently able to handle the power oscillations without increasing the system controller system complexity. This paper deals with the development and implementation of a multiband power system stabilizer (MB-PSS) for the efficient power oscillation damping in two area four machine transmission system. The implementation of the proposed work is with the Simulink of MATLAB 2012(b). This paper also presents a complete comparative analysis of Inter- area power oscillation damping capabilities of proposed multiband power system stabilizer (MB-PSS) and conventional PID power system stabilizer (PID-PSS). The obtained results shows that the Inter-area power oscillation damping capability of proposed multiband power system stabilizer (MB-PSS) is much higher than the PID-PSS. In addition the damping time required by proposed MB-PSS is 50% less as compare to PID-PSS.

875-882

Authors: Anju R K1, Fossy Mary Chacko2

The electric power quality has become an important part of the distribution power system .The aim of this paper is to improve the power quality of the distribution grid. Here, an energy storage is integrated into dc-link of the Active Power Filter through a bidirectional dc-dc converter that helps in providing a stiff dc-link voltage. The integration helps in providing active/reactive power support, intermittency smoothing, and harmonic compensation. The design and control of both the dc-ac inverters and the dc-dc converter is also developed.

889-894

Authors: Swapnil R. Chilap 1, Mrs. Kadambari Sharma 2,

Use of traditional electronic sensors is limited in harsh, electromagnetic and high radio frequency environments which started interest in fiber optical sensing. Fiber optic sensors were developed by combining optoelectronic devices with fiber optic telecommunications systems. Optimization of components, cost reductions and recent researches gives fiber optic sensors with improvement in size, quality and performance. Commonly used fiber optic sensors are Intensity based, phase modulated and wavelength modulated fiber optic sensors. In this paper, an overview of fiber optic sensors, their working principle and non-optical parameter measurement applications are presented.

900-909

Authors: Jins Jose(P.G student), Prof. Reji Mathews, Ernest Markose Mathew(Associate professor)

The growing demand for energy, increasing fuel price, and the environmental pollution issues associated with conventional energy generating technologies has increased interest in the use of Thermo electrics, which can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy. There is a great possibility in utilizing thermoelectric devices for automobile exhaust to electricity conversion.Studies show that significant energy savings can be achieved by recovering even a small portion of this wasted energy. From the energy balance of combustion engine, it is found that approximately 40% of the fuel energy is lost in exhaust gas. Thermoelectricmodulescan operate over a wide range of transient temperature conditions. The electric power is generated as a result of the temperature difference based on the Seebeck effect.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate the exhaust gas flow within the heat exchanger.The isothermal modeling approach is used in simulation.In this paper, two cases of heat exchangers such as rectangular type and square type were used in exhaust of internal combustion engine (ICE) are modeled numerically to recover the exhaust waste heat. The heat exchangerswere proposed and designed to recover energy from exhaust of apetrol engine. The simulations are done in five engine loads (idling, suburban driving, urban, cruisingand maximum power) and After the analysis, results of irreversibility, recovered heat, surface temperature, pressure drop, average power developed and current developed etc. are compared in different engine loads and speeds. The Rectangular heat exchanger made up of aluminium shows better performance among the two proposed designs. The analysis predicts optimum conditions forthermoelectric leg pairs that maximize the power extracted for any TEG modules, and the change in this optimum conditionmay degrade the system performance.

916-923

Authors: Dr. Sana'a khudayer Jadwa

Sign language recognition is a growing research area in the field of gesture recognition. Research on sign language recognition has been done around the world, using many sign languages. An accurate hand segmentation is the first and important step in sign language recognition systems. This paper proposed Otsu segmentation method that helps to build a better vision based sign language recognition system for its simplicity and efficiency. It is based on thresholding technique. It depends on selecting the optimal threshold value that maximizes the between-class variance of resulting object and background classes. This work is used to segment the signs representing the numbers from one to nine of the American Sign Language (ASL).The Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed method.

945-953

Authors: Velmurugan.S1, Shajin.M.H2, Gengadevi.R**, Deepika.J**

Mixing is one of the important unit operations in chemical and allied industries. Airlift reactors are known to be efficient contactors for processes involving gases, liquids and solids. Airlift reactors are mostly used in biological processes, aerobic waste water treatment, fermentation processes. In the present work focused on investigation of hydrodynamics and mixing index behavior (i.e., gas holdup, residence time distribution) in an external-loop airlift reactor and a stimulus-response tracer technique were used in the measurements. The geometry of External loop airlift reactor of column diameter 100mm and height 1000mm. Pressure drop, Gas hold-up, Mixing time, Residence time distribution have been measured for various electrolytes and solvents with various concentrations have been studied. In addition, the effects of superficial gas velocities on the gas holdup and RTD were also investigated. Comparisons made on both electrolytes and solvents by graphically.

963-969

Authors: C.V.SINGH

The effects of overtaking disturbances have been included in CCW¹¯³ predictions to improve their accuracy for the motion of diverging cylindrical hydro magnetic shock waves through in an ideal gas under its own gravitating and rotating gas in the presence of constant axial magnetic field .Assuming an initial density distribution ρₒ =ρ'r¯w,where ρ^', is the density at the axis of symmetry and w , is constant, the analytical expression for flow variables representing both the situations via; weak and strong cases of shock have been obtained .Their numerical estimates only at permissible shock front location have been computed with the results describing free propagation.

978-985

Authors: Shubham Chitkara1, Shivam Aeron1, Kunal Sehrawat1, Rajesh Khanna2, Neeraj Sharma3

In the present work, a low cost stir casting process is used for the fabrication of Aluminium (AA 1100) based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC’s) adding Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si) and Zinc (Zn) as the reinforcements. The objective of this work is production of Aluminium Matrix Composite (AMC) with better mechanical and tribological properties and relatively low manufacturing cost. Different wt% of Cu, Mg, Si and Zn are added to Aluminium (1100) to make the AMC and its mechanical and tribological properties have been investigated such as tensile strength, hardness, etc. These reinforcements showed improvements in the mechanical as well as tribological properties. These improvements in the properties are compared with the pure Aluminium (1100). It was found that tensile strength and hardness of the fabricated samples increased, with a maximum increase of 44.4% in tensile strength and 26.2% in hardness compared to pure Al 1100 but the percentage elongation decreased in each sample.

991-1001

Authors: Dr. ROY N MATHEWS a, SHAFEEQUE A P b

Atmospheric re-entry refers to the movement of human made objects as they enter the atmosphere of a planet from outer space. Re-entry capsules are blunt-bodies designed to withstand high heating loads experienced during entry into the atmosphere. Here conduct an external flow analysis on atmospheric re-entering vehicle called Apollo AS-202. Computational fluid dynamics is used to obtain the flow field that develops around reentry capsules. To evaluate the heat flux variation, velocity profile, temperature variation and pressure distribution at various locations of the capsules are presented. . The analysis is carried out for turbulent flow and standard flow properties available for Re-entry capsules in the literature using Navier-Stokes solver for different Mach numbers. The results of the simulation were discussed using velocity, temperature, heat flux and pressure contours.

1010-1014

Authors: Tejas Kopte1, Ankita Pai2

Since the industrial revolution took place in 18th century, various improvements have been done in the sector of industry. The sole principle behind it was to reduce the human efforts by means of automation. A Programmable Logic Controller(PLC) has created a huge impact in the field of automation because of its exceptional capabilities. It has transformed the industry into a new era and hence study of PLC need to be done in order to thrive in this competitive 21st century. This paper studies and analyses structure of a PLC, its components, programming, functioning and further discusses on how it is being used in present world.

1023-1030

Authors: Neha Sharad Kotak

-- Acknowledging the limitations of numerous incumbent biofuel production technologies, in terms of resource potential, greenhouse gas savings and economic viability, there is considerable involvement in second generation routes. These offer the potential for a diversification of feedstocks to be used, lower greenhouse gas impacts, and lower costs. Gasification is a cardinal constituent of several of the proposed second generation paths, such as catalytic routes to diesel, gasoline, naphtha, methanol, ethanol and other alcohols, and syngas fermentation routes to ethanol. Prodigious technical procession are made that allows substantially augmented usage of biomass as a fuel. An appealing and executable possibility of biomass utilization for energy production is gasification integrated with a combined cycle. In biomass gasification, there is greater experience with gasifiers for heat and power applications than for fuels yield. This technology seems to have the hypothesis to reach utmost efficiencies based on fundamentally pristine and renewable fuel. The plants utilize low grade fuels at reasonable overall efficiencies of 35%-50% based on gross heating value. Integrated Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle (IBGCC) systems supplant the conventional combustor with a gasifier and gas turbine. Biomass gasifiers have the potency to be up to twice as efficient as using conventional boilers to generate electricity. Progressive gas turbine and combined cycle technology is commercially explicated and manifested with natural gas as well as solid fuels such as coal through the use of gasification technology. These melioration in efficiency can make environmentally clean biomass energy available at costs more competitive with fossil fuels. The gas and steam turbines operate together as a combined cycle

1036-1044

Authors: Mr. Ghule Shashikant M.1, Prof. Ganjewar P.D.2,

Wireless Sensor Network applications are attracting more and more research, especially in energy saving techniques that is the focus point of researchers in this area. One of the interesting and useful applications of Wireless Sensor Networks is the moveable target tracking. Wireless Sensor Networks that is used mainly to track movable targets in a monitored area and to report its location to the base station. Identification of exact position and path travelled by the movable object in an area is a major energy consumer process within Wireless Sensor Network. In this paper, we suggest a best cluster based routing protocol called energy efficient target tracking protocol (EETTP) for target tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), with the help of this protocol increase network lifetime of every node and reduce communication cost between nodes. Which integrates on-demand dynamic clustering into a cluster-based WSN for target tracking? By constructing on-demand dynamic clusters at boundary regions, nodes from different static clusters that detect the target can temporarily share information, and the tracking task can be handed over smoothly from one static cluster to another. As the target moves, static clusters and on-demand dynamic clusters alternately manage the target tracking task. The proposed protocol performs better in tracking the moving target when compared with other typical target tracking protocols. In particular, we systematically analyse a few important parameters of the cluster based routing protocols, and compare with these different approaches according to our taxonomy such as energy efficiency, communication cost. Finally, we summarize and conclude the paper with some future directions.

1054-1061

Authors: Ayyaj .I .Nadaf 1, S. V. Kulkarni2. Dr. P. P. Shaha3. Dr. M. K. Bhanarkar4

This paper presents review of Ajax Comet and Websocket technology and its uses for industrial control application. This could help for selecting the correct protocol in righteous application. AJAX is asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language used for pushing data on a web. Comet is another dominant technology evolved for real time data access on web platform. Websocket is a new trend in which data is transferred in a bidirectional link established with lower layer model. Human Machine Interface (HMI) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) are the two major part in control application after Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).

1066-1074

Authors: Vedanta Kuri1, Dr. Abir Chattopadhyay2

In this paper detailed study of Sigma- Delta (Σ-Δ) modulator has been discussed and analyzed. Low power Σ-Δ ADC for various applications has been discussed. Use of oversampling ratio in designing of Σ-Δ ADC for reduction of noise as well as for better resolution has been analyzed theoretically and practically.

1080-1091

Authors: V.V.D.Sahithi1, P.Sai Krishna2 , K.Lalith kumar3 C.S.P.Rao4

Lot sizing is one of the most important and one of the most difficult to solve problems in production planning and belong to NP hard class of problems. The Capacity Constrained Multi Product, Multi Level Lot Sizing (CC-MPMLLS) belongs to those problems that production industries face in preparing material requirement planning (MRP) systems for executing their production plans is much more complex and is a combinatorial optimization problem aims to find the lot sizes that achieve cost effectiveness. It minimizes the total setup cost and holding cost by finding optimum lot sizes. As the costs of both dependent and independent items of all levels are varying with time. The subjects of single level lot sizing with variants have been addressed by several methods in the literature. Many heuristic methods have been developed to solve lot sizing problems, but most of them are applicable for small instances. Very few approaches are implemented for MPMLLS problems. In this paper we developed a Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) programming technique which can easily handle the large with complex product structures with in a reasonable CPU time .The effectiveness of algorithm is tested with variety of simulation experiments by taking both cost effectiveness and computational time into consideration. And Feasibility of BPSO algorithm is investigated by comparing results with binary genetic algorithm (BGA). Keywords: Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), capacitated lot sizing, production planning

1107-1111

Authors: Feba Wilson1, Jisha James2

Low-area frequency oscillations are one of the major problems in the present power systems for smooth and reliable operation where power is essential to transfer from one area to another remote area through weak tie-lines. This kind of oscillations problem may result into system instability, cascade failure and even in blackouts, if they are not damp out quickly. It have been observed that local mode of oscillations can be damp out by using Power System Stabilizers (PSS) but damping inter-area mode of oscillations using PSS may not be possible always.Majority of the necessary damping torque is delivered by synchronous machines equipped with power system stabilizers (PSS). Nowadays, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices are increasingly used in power systems. They have remarkable effects on increasing the damping of the system.

1130-1136

Authors: Miss. Samidha S. Davari , Mr. U. A. Patil

Intrusion detection is one of the basic application in wireless sensor network. Intrusion detection is nothing but a mechanism for WSN to detect presence of incorrect or anomalous activities in the defined network. For intrusion detection a number of sensors are deployed in the area, which will monitored. In this paper there are different types of deployment strategies are discuss. In uniform distribution all the sensors are deployed uniformly and randomly in the network area. In Gaussian distribution sensors are deployed around a central important deployment point. Clustering algorithm is used for partitions the data set points into k-clusters. In this paper the distance between the data points is calculated by Euclidean distance. The results are compared with different model by varying different network parameter.

1141-1148

Authors: Alo Oluwaseun1 and Ibitoye Simeon2

This study investigated how 0.33% medium carbon steel is affected by induced stress in a saline environment. Three geometries namely U-bend, C-ring and I-shape samples were formed representing varying degrees of stress level induced on the samples. The test specimens were subjected to static loading in saline environment containing 15.0 wt.%, 10.0 wt.% and 3.5 wt.% of sodium chloride (NaCl) for a typical exposure time of 31 days at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Weight loss method was used to estimate the corrosion rate in mils per year (mpy). The results of the experiment show that corrosion rate is maximum in samples with the highest stress level and in medium containing highest amount of dissolved chloride ions. The least corrosion rate occurred in samples with the least amount of chloride ions and in a non-stressed condition. It was inferred that the corrosion rate of 0.33 %C steels increased with increasing tensile stress and chloride ions content of the medium.

6-14

Authors: Adrian Udenze

A scheduling based Media Access Control (MAC) protocol named Transmitter Initiated Scheduling (TIS) is presented. TIS maintains multiple schedules tailored to traffic events per communication link resulting in increased performance compared to scheduling strategies with a single schedule for all communication links. TIS is formulated as a queuing system where packets arriving at a node are serviced depending on the node’s state. The reward structure for TIS maps directly to network optimisation objectives, namely, minimising average energy consumption subject to average queue lengths. The theoretical framework for TIS is a continuous time Semi Markov Decision Process as opposed to the more frequently used Discrete Time Markov Decision Process. This allows nodes to have multiple sleep states with no fixed frame lengths significantly reducing packet collisions. TIS is suitable for both environments with memory-less event occurrence as well as systems with memory. Simulation results show that TIS offers significant energy savings compared to RL-MAC, a state of the art MAC, for a given delay constraint.

15-20

Authors: Dr. Geraldin B. Dela Cruz

Old and obsolete computers are valuable sources of raw materials and computational processing power, if used properly. Otherwise these are just garbage and possible sources of toxins that are sent to landfills or incinerated. This paper focuses on the concept of 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse). The objective is to create a network router that can be used to service a small network of computers. Using open source software and two salvaged defective computers, replacing and removing some parts of the computer to create a prototype personal computer network router. In the deployment and testing period, there were problems encountered. These were addressed, by adding and replacing memory and network cards and rewriting/reconfiguring the software. In consideration to the power consumption of the prototype, the hard drive was replaced with a compact flash card. The experiment gave positive results in its performance and is comparable with a more expensive similar device. Further, performance was found to be directly proportional to the memory size of the network router. This proves that old and obsolete computers can be maximized in terms of utilization. Based on the results, the prototype may be considered an alternative router device for a small network, considering its cost, power consumption, availability and simplicity. It is recommended that similar studies be made considering a larger network and different hardware configurations.

21-25

Authors: M.A. Jafarov, E.F. Nasirov, S.A.Jahangirova, R.Jafarli

– In this work, we report some preliminary results concerning the fabrication of quaternary semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films on a flexible substrate through the simultaneous electrodeposition of elements having different standard electrochemical potentials. CZTS thin films were obtained by deposition from aqueous baths at room temperature and varying bath composition. Chemical composition and structure of the electrodeposited films were evaluated by SEM and XRD. Preliminary results on the photoelectrochemical behaviour of the films will be also presented. We obtain ZnS thin films with good physical properties, these samples can be used as window material in ZnS/CZTS solar cells to improve the photovoltaic efficiency.

26-34

Authors: Ufoaroh S.U ,1 Oranugo C.O, 2 Uchechukwu M.E 3

Health related issues and parameters are of utmost importance to man, and is essential to his existence and influence and thus he has sought for an improved system that would be able to capture and monitor the changes in health parameters irrespective of time and location so as to provide for measures that will forestall abnormalities and cater for emergencies. This work presents a system that is capable of providing real time remote monitoring of the heartbeat with improvements of an alarm and SMS alert. This project aims at the design and implementation of a low cost but efficient and flexible heartbeat monitoring and alert system using GSM technology. It is designed in such a way that the heartbeat/pulse rate is sensed and measured by the sensors which sends the signals to the control unit for proper processing and determination of the heartbeat rate which is displayed on an LCD, it then proceeds to alert by an alarm and SMS sent to the mobile phone of the medical expert or health personnel, if and only if the threshold value of the heartbeat rate is maximally exceeded. Thus this system proposes a continuous, real time, remote, safe and accurate monitoring of the heartbeat rate and helps in patient’s diagnosis and early and preventive treatment of cardiovascular ailments.

35-41

Authors: Neethu S Babu, Teena Jacob

To save the energy consumption of various devices green and eco-friendly electronics are developed. This lead to the development of Brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Brush less dc motor is defined as a permanent synchronous machine with rotor position feedback. Brushless dc motors are now a days more popular in industrial and traction applications. The brushless dc motor drive consists of four main parts- power converter, permanent magnet- synchronous machine (PMSM), sensors and control algorithm. Many varieties of control techniques such as PI, PID and fuzzy logic controller have been introduced for the speed control of the BLDC motor. In this paper an adaptive fuzzy PID controller which implies parallel combination of fuzzy PI and fuzzy PD is used for speed control of BLDC motor, which is found to be more efficient in tracking the speed under conditions of external disturbances and allows regenerative braking without any loss in power.

42-49

Authors: Rahul Thakare, Prof. S. S.Umale

Simulation of Quenching Process of steel in CFD is one of the method to plot temperature profile and calculate HTC at surface of specimen. Quenching of medium carbon steel with various quenching medium is done using CFD tools. Quenching medium is varied by varying concentration of ethylene glycol by mass in its aqueous solution form 0% to 60%. Temperature plots at different concentration and cooling curves at core and surface of specimen at different concentration were presented in this work.

50-58

Authors: Deepti A.Barhate1, Prashant Jawalkar 2

Comparison of one thing among things is a usual part of human decision formation process, particularly during an online purchase order. Without comparing it is not fair to buy a product, since it won’t give an ideal performance. For instance, if somebody is fascinated in definite products such as cameras, then he /she would need to identify what another possibility are and compare dissimilar cameras before purchasing. This way of comparison action is very common in our day-to-day life but wants high knowledge ability. So, in order to solve this trouble, we are presenting an idyllic way for inevitably mine comparable entities using comparative questions that users dispatched online. It gives a chance to improve the search knowledge by automatically offering comparisons to user. A weakly supervised bootstrapping procedure is employed here for comparative problem identification and comparable entity abstraction by assembling a large online question collection. This result also provides users to enhance new attributes of their interest to the explanation form, so that the next search recovers the provided new attribute information. This technique would overtake the existing system of online shopping.

59-64

Authors: Pinky Kumawat*1 Geet Kalani2

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning Systems) comprises of a commercial software package that promises the seamless integration of all the information flowing through the company- accounting, human resource supply chain and the consumer information. Enterprise Resources Planning systems are computer depended systems designed to process an organization’s transaction and facilitate integrated and real time planning, production and customer response. Fuzzy logic has emerged as a profitable tool for the controlling and steering of systems and many critical organizational procedures, like for household and entertainment electronics, as well as other expert systems and uses. In this research work we try to investigates the factors that impact user satisfaction in ERP implementations, a conceptual framework that determine the critical factors which influence user’s satisfaction in the ERP implementation will be developed. Although ERP implementation is costly and time consuming and it can also lead to loss of many valuable resources of the organizations in case of wrong methods and not efficient way of implementation. Hence it is critically important for the organizations to understand and clearly realize all the values achieved from ERP initiatives.

65-75

Authors: Sruthi.C, Sreyas.S, Archana.S.Narayanan, Anjaly Lakshmi.S, Jishnu.IJ

Cloud Security is an attractive issue for research and development efforts. A cloud server means virtual server, which runs on a cloud computing environment. XenServer, is the best server virtualization platform, that can be used in world’s largest clouds. OpenStack is a free and open source cloud computing platform. Xen Cloud Server can be obtained by integrating XenServer with OpenStack. Attackers can explore vulnerabilities of a cloud system and compromise virtual machines to deploy further large scale Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS). Common type of DDoS attacks include ICMP Flood, UDP Flood, SYN Flood. Snort is a widely used open source intrusion detection tool kit, that has to be installed on the cloud VM, which is the target of the attacker. It detects the attack and raises alerts. Appropriate countermeasures are selected from a set of countermeasures, thus establishing security in cloud.

76-81

Authors: Shikha Sharma. Rajesh Bathija, Akanksha Goswami

Adder are the core component of processors and digital design architecture. Also, not only addition, but performs many other arithmetic operations such as subtraction, division and multiplication. The focus of VLSI technology is to reduce power consumption, enhancing the performance and speed of a digital circuit. Less power consumption is the ultimate attention for any computation. In this paper, 16 bit adders are designed using one such technique i.e. McCMOS and compared for power dissipation, delay, leakage power and power delay product. Different types of adders have been designed using Multiple channel CMOS (McCMOS) technology and compared with conventional with 45nm technology. The simulation result shows that the average power reduces to 30 – 35% less and PDP is reduced to 15- 17% than the power and PDP of the conventional CMOS. Hence the technique can be used for low leakage high speed application. The simulation has been carried out in tanner tool EDA 14.1 with 1V power supply.

82-91

Authors: Febin Manjaly PG Student P.A. Edwin Fernando Assistant professor

Concrete usage around the globe is second only to water. An important ingredient in the conventional concrete is the Portland cement. The production of one ton of cement emits approximately one ton of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Moreover, cement production is not only highly energy-intensive, next to steel and Aluminium, but also consumes significant amount of natural resources. In order to meet infrastructure developments, the usage of concrete is on the increase. Do we build additional cement plants to meet this increase in demand for concrete, or find alternative binders to make concrete? We have conducted some research on the manufacture and behavior, of “Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with steel fibres”. This concrete uses no Portland cement; instead, we use the low-calcium fly ash from a local coal burning power station as a source material to make the binder necessary to manufacture concrete. This study is aimed to know the compressive strength of concrete using the basic materials like Fine Aggregate, Coarse Aggregate and the binder material as fly ash the flexural strength study between the geopolymer concrete with and without steel fiber. Various properties like Workability, Initial setting time, compressive strength and Split tensile Strength has been studied are to be compared with geopolymer concrete with and without steel fibre.

89-96

Authors: 1Mahak Khurana, 2Vaishali Wadhwa

High-Resolution (HR) satellite image is a commanding basis of data for detecting and extracting information about urban constructions. Shadow in HR satellite imageries is capable of providing a high level of detail, which makes them a reliable and highly vital basis of information. Nevertheless, to extract shadows, the automated detection of shadows from images must be perfect. In this paper, we present a global thresholding practice for automated detection of shadow regions from remotely sensed data. This thresholding scheme detects both shadow and vegetation regions of a High Resolution Satellite Image at the same time.

97-104

Authors: Anna Joy1, Neena Mani2, Acy M Kottalil3

A new bridgeless single-phase ac–dc converter with a natural power factor correction (PFC) is proposed. Compared with existing single-phase bridgeless topologies, the proposed topology has the merits of less component counts. The absence of an input diode bridge and less conduction losses; hence, improved thermal management compared to existing PFC rectifiers is obtained. The proposed topology is designed to work in resonant mode to achieve an automatic PFC close to unity in a simple and effective manner. The resonant mode operation gives additional advantages such as zero-current turn-on in the active power switches.

103-111

Authors: Naveen Kumar D1*, Pradeep R2 and Bhaktavatsala H R3

: A combustion model based on a turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) model is proposed for Reynolds stress model (RSM) of premixed combustion in an enclosed chamber the turbulent quantities that determine the turbulent flame speed are obtained at the level of the grid cut- off. The model has been applied to a simple premixed jet flame in a backward-facing step combustor to investigate the combustor response to forced excitations. The present model reported a comprehensive theoretical study on flame velocity in spark ignition engine for iso-octane air mixture. The present model developed is a two-dimensional RSM model. Computer simulations have been performed for the turbulent flame velocity of premixed flame. The speed of propagation of a premixed turbulent flame correlates with the intensity of the turbulence encountered by the flame we outline the numerical procedure, and illustrate the behaviour of the control algorithm on methane flames at various equivalence ratios in two dimensions. The simulation data are used to study the local variation in the speed of propagation due to flame surface curvature. The effects of turbulence and operating conditions on the position, shape, fluctuation, corrugation of the flame front, and the turbulent flame speed are investigated in this study. The results of this work allow a better fundamental understanding of the influence of turbulence on flame front structure, which is of prime interest for fundamental research.

109-112

Authors: Anuja Ann Mani, Cinly Thomas

In the past decades, video coding technologies have greatly promoted the development of digital multimedia contents related industry. To satisfy the rapid increasing demand for high-definition (HD) and ultra-HD (UHD) video contents, a higher requirement for more efficient video coding has been brought forward. In this paper we propose a new approach for efficient video compression. We mainly focus on intraframe coding that performs compression techniques on any one of the frames in video sequence. A single pixel based lossless prediction (SPLP) along with downsampling and interpolation is used to achieve a better compression ratio compared to existing system. SPLP is an enhancement of H.264/MPEG-4 standard, which employs pulse code modulation for better prediction. Along with SPLP, a checker board pattern downsampling and adaptive weighted interpolation techniques are used to improve the performance.

113-120

Authors: Girish S1, Sangamesh C J2 Priya R Kamath3

This paper is an answer to the question: "What is unique and conceptually different about mobile computing?" The paper begins by describing a set of constraints intrinsic to mobile computing, and examining the impact of these constraints on the design of distributed systems. Next, it summarizes the key results of the Coda and Odyssey systems. Finally, it describes the research opportunities in five important topics relevant to mobile computing: caching metrics, semantic callbacks and valuators, resource revocation, analysis of adaptation, and global estimation from local observations.

119-122

Authors: Akanksha1, Priyanka Sharma2

In this review paper, a new approach called “An Advanced IWD algorithm” for resolving Travelling Salesman problem is proposed. Intelligent Water Drops algorithm, or the IWD algorithm, is a swarm-based nature-inspired optimization algorithm. This algorithm contains a few essential elements of natural water drops and actions and reactions that occur between river's bed and the water drops that flow within. The IWD algorithm may fall into the category of Swarm intelligence and Met heuristic. Intrinsically, the IWD algorithm can be used for combinatorial optimization. However, it may be adapted for continuous optimization too. The IWD was first introduced for the traveling salesman problem in 2007. Since then, multitude of researchers has focused on improving the algorithm for different problems. But as an improvement we will combine the data updation with using the concept of genetic algorithms cross over and mutation. This advanced IWD algorithm hope will find the better tour.

123-128

Authors: Sudhakar Shastri1, Anil Kumar Gupta2

In this paper, an ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is proposed for wide band applications. The antenna under investigation is fed by a 50 ohm micro strip line. The basic shape of the notch and simple patch is presented in paper. A significant enhancement in the bandwidth and y-shape notch has been achieved in a low profile and compactness of UWB antenna with good impedance matching. The proposed antenna is studied thoroughly and presented in the paper.

129-135

Authors: VIPUL R. BASHA [1], JEEVAN J. SALUNKE [2]

Fixtures are the special production tools which make the standard machine tools, more versatile to work as specialized machine tools. They are normally used in large scale production by when interchangeability is possible. Various areas related to design of fixture are already been very well described by various renowned authors, but there is a need of couple and apply all these research work to an individual application. This paper on “Design and manufacturing fixture of Flange Lube oil pump filter” which integrates all these aspects and the evolutionary function approach of designed fixture is proved from the fact that the real industrial component is considered for fixture designing. In addition to this, fixture is made by wear in house material without consuming much cost for production. The fixture shows great time saving for the production.

136-148

Authors: 1 Mr. Dipak Suresh Badgujar, 2Mr. Kiran. P. Varade. 3C. Veeresh,

In the present work a new control algorithm based on Instantaneous power theory (p-q theory) for three phase four wire is taken for a Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) to compensate harmonics and reactive power and power factor of a three phase nonlinear load, uncontrolled bridge rectifier . Sensing load currents, dc bus voltage and source voltages compute reference currents of the SAPF. Driving signals of SAPF are produced by feeding reference and actual output currents of APF, to hysteresis band current controller. As proposed model contains three phase four wire system neutral current compensation also taken care by SAPF. Here in this dissertation two cases are considered of different load situation at rectifier side, such as nonlinear load alone and unbalance load with nonlinear load. It is found that under both the load cases the SAPF is very effective solution for current harmonics, reactive power compensation and power factor correction. MATLAB / SIMULINK ® power system toolbox is used to simulate the proposed system

144-147

Authors: Megha Rajan, Radhakrishnan B, Raji P G

— Image enhancement area in image processing provides a wide range of techniques which can be used for enhancing images quality as well as the natural look of the image. This paper proposes the enhancement techniques which enhances the image and protects the image from loosing the natural look. To improve image under varying lighting conditions, contrast normalization along with homomorphic filtering based illumination normalization method is proposed in this paper. In this work the effect of illumination is effectively normalized by the homomorphic filtering and the contrast is normalized by contrast stretching. The resulted image is not only enhances illumination effect but also preserves edges and details that will facilitate the further processing task.

149-155

Authors: Rachita Sharma, Mr. Ashish Sharma

The routing is one of the main components of solid waste management where the collection takes most of the total system cost. The paper aims to find the best route for collecting solid waste in cities. Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization is a new meta- heuristic technique inspired by the nature of the real ants and helps in finding the optimal solution of the problems. Our technique is based on the various variants of ACO i.e. Basic ant system, elitist ant system, rank based system, min-max system best-worst system and ant colony system. Some of the main factors studied in each of the case are average number of iterations, average best tour, and average best time. Finally, the optimal solution is estimated by each routing optimization algorithm, followed by a comparison between these algorithmic approaches on the newly designed collection routes.

156-160

Authors: Upendra Kumar Bhusan1, Manish Yadav2, Sumit Bharagava3

Non-linear dimensional complexity estimates and indicating complexity of neuronal computations during open eye and closed eye using 62-channel EEG. When compared to open eye, the closed eye was accompanied by a focused decrease of complexity estimates. Power in the theta-1 (4–6 Hz), theta-2 (6–8 Hz) and alpha-1 (8–10 Hz) frequency bands was increased over these regions. This estimates negatively correlated with theta-2 and alpha-1 and Emotional experience correlated with theta whereas internalized attention with both theta and alpha lower synchronization positively with beta-3 (22–30 Hz) band power.

161-180

Authors: Rupesh Kumar Tiwari, Trilok Raj Chauhan

Cold chamber high pressure die casting, (HPDC), is a vital business process for the production of complex near net shape aluminum and magnesium alloy castings. The investigations were carried out mainly using the aluminum alloy. High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is a complex process that results in casting defects if organized inappropriately. Though, finding out the optimum construct is a quite uphill task as eliminating one of the casting defects (for example, porosity) can result in occurrence of other casting defects. The purpose of the project is to improve current modeling and understanding of defects formation in HPDC machines. An attempt has been made to analysis the flow behavior of metal (Aluminum) in HPDC injection chamber. The flow in the injection chamber of pressure die casting machines is analyzed using a model based on the shallow-water approximation which takes into account the effects of wave reflection against the end wall of the chamber.The results of the model for wave profiles, volume of air remaining in the injection chamber at the instant at which the molten metal reaches the gate to the die cavity, and optimum values of the parameters characterizing the law of plunger motion are observed to reduce the porosity defect.We found that, although the shallow water model does not provide a very accurate estimation of the mass of entrapped air in the injection chamber for certain ranges of working conditions, it does describe reasonably well the influence of the acceleration parameters and the initial filling fraction on the entrapped air mass, and can be of help in selecting operating conditions that reduce air entrapment while keeping the injection chamber filling time as low as possible.

181-187

Authors: Pooja, Jyoti Rani

— In this research paper, an algorithm is developed to produce better contrast enhancement which is inspired from nature and calculates the upper and lower limit for each sliding window. These upper and lower limits are used to calculate the local mean and global mean. It is based on contrast objective function; this is parabolic logarithmic threshold function. The results show that, the method is able to produce better contrast sensitivity and pleasing visuals as compared to older methods( histogram equalization, adaptive histogram equalization, fusion of pyramid and Gaussian , ant colony optimization method etc). The corpus of image consists of both gray and color images. Other than these other evaluation values like loudness, pulse rate, frequency show that this method provides better contrast ratio.

188-192

Authors: Joby Elsa Abraham, Kavitha V K

— Last years the importance and abundance of image retrieval systems had a big growth. During the searching process the color feature of the images is one of the most significant characteristics. Since the color-based comparison and retrieval has a variety of widely used techniques. In this paper we introduce a Dominant Color extraction scheme through which we extract color feature of the image. After extracting the dominant colors we use quantization to represent the extracted dominant colors within a limit. Based on quantized value we cluster the database and do the indexing to store images. Whenever a query image given to the system it will not search the whole database, just identify the cluster and search the image. Similarity measure used in our paper is a modified Euclidean distance measure. With the proposed feature experiments were carried out in image databases, and that was found the precision of retrieval has significantly improved and the time complexity of retrieval of images is reduced.

193-202

Authors: Pallavi Jagdale,

The research area of hydrodynamic lubrication is widely diversified. The literature includes the analysis and various optimized technique of determination of static and dynamic characteristics of plain circular bearing. However these studies were unable to describe the simultaneous effect of both micropolar fluid parameters and eccentricity ratio on bearing characteristics. In the present study combined effect of micropolar parameters and eccentricity ratios are considered with wide range of variation on the bearing performance characteristics. For linear studies critical mass of journal is determined by Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria. Comparative analysis on critical values of journal mass required for both linear and nonlinear studies is carried out. Also the stability of these bearing are analyzed at various operating conditions.

203-207

Authors: Aagi A S, Radhakrishnan B

Retinal image analysis is an active field of research for identifying different types of diseases that affect the Retina. The extraction and analysis of retinal vasculature is an essential part of several practical applications such as detection of hypertension, Diabetic Retinopathy, stroke and cardiovascular diseases that affects eye. The proposed method consists of four stages: In the first stage we enhance the original retinal image to increase their contrast and eliminate the non uniform illumination in retinal images. The second stage involves a 2D Gabor filter which is capable of tuning to specific frequencies, thus allowing noise filtering and vessel enhancement in a single step. The next stage involves segmentation of blood vessels by an edge detection approach that separates the vascular network from the background and the final stage includes some morphological operations for obtaining better results. This proposed method may be used for determination of arteriolar to venular diameter ratio in retinal images. This process is basis for the AVR calculation i.e. for the calculation of average diameter of arteries to veins.

208-212

Authors: Shanu Anie Alias, Stephie Sara Philipose

Instead of beam splitters in digital cameras in this paper proposes an inexpensive technique using color filter arrays because it uses single sensor to capture multi color information. Single sensor digital cameras captures only one color at each pixel location and the other two color information to be interpolated is called Color Filter Array (CFA) interpolation or demosaicing. In this paper the missing green samples are first estimated, then missing red and blue samples are then estimated based on the estimated green plane. Gradient are used for extracting directional data from the input images. The Green channel interpolation is based on the directionally weighted gradient method and the directional color difference is used along with the directional data. Using the interpolated Green channel the red and blue channel get interpolated. With the completion of red and blue pixel the full color image is to be generated.

214-220

Authors: 1SWATI 2MEENAKSHI

In today’s library science, information and computer science, online text classification or text categorization is a huge complication. [1]With the enormous growth of online information and data, text categorization has become one of the crucial techniques for handling and standardizing text data. Various learning algorithms have been applied on text for categorization. On the basis of accuracy and efficiency KNN (K Nearest Neighbour) algorithm prove itself to be very efficient algorithm as compared to other learning algorithms. The framework of KNN with TF-IDF is studied and some changes need to be done for removing time complexity and improve accuracy so, proposed work is based on using SVM classifier which helps in splitting of training and testing data and take less time from the previous work with iKNN (improved KNN) algorithm which gives less time and more accuracy and overall improve text categorization.

221-227

Authors: 1Swati R. Dixit 2Dr.A.Y.Deshmukh

This paper presents implementation of an image processing algorithm applicable for edge detection of an image in Xilinx Spartan 3 FPGA by using System Generator. Usually Sobel edge detection algorithm is preferred which is most trustworthy and gives an efficient output. If VHDL code is written for this algorithm in Xilinx FPGA then it is too time consuming and bulky. Here the system is designed by using Xilinx System Generator blocks. This tool has high level graphical interface under the environment of MATLAB. Since FPGA has large embedded multipliers and internal memory, it offers parallelism. Hence, it provides platform for real time processing with higher performance than microprocessor programmable and Digital Signal Processor (DSPs).

226-233

Authors: Mr. G. S. Patil, Mr. P. B. Autade

Concrete is considered the world’s most used construction material. Typical concrete mixtures are comprised of water, sand, cement and an aggregate of rock. This project focuses on the coarse aggregate in concrete. The other material will be used to replace the coarse aggregate of rock in typical concrete. This will include burn brick or Zama brick. This material was chosen because of their availability. The burn brick is available from brick manufacturing area. Also in brick-making, a large number of bricks are rejected due to nonconformity with the required specifications. One such major nonconformity is the distorted form of brick produced due to the uneven temperature control in the kiln. These rejected bricks can also be a potential source of coarse aggregate. This would not only make good use of the otherwise waste material but would also help alleviate disposal problems. This project presents the effects of Jhama Class Brick inclusion on the mechanical properties of concrete matrix in wet and hardened state properties. For checking mechanical properties of Jhama Class Brick bat based concrete used partially replacement Jhama class brick to coarse aggregate ratios 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% in M40 grade of concrete. It is observed that workability decreased with replacement of coarse aggregate. The Compaction factor observed as 0.92, 0.899, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.85 with varying percentage replacement of coarse aggregate by Jhama class brick bat as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% respectively. The compressive strength of Jhama Class Brick bat based concrete used with partially replacement Jhama class brick to coarse aggregate ratios 20%, 40%, increased over conventional concrete about 6.08%, 10.02% for 3 days and 9.23%, 12.08% for 7 days and 10.02%, 11.95% for 28 days. If further increased in the percentage of replacement up to 60% and 80%, the strength was decreased by 3.73% and 8.16% respectively for 3 days and 5.69%, 9.25% for 7 days and 2.72%, 6.87% for 28 days cured cube specimen respectively. The Split Tensile and Flexural Strength of this concrete increases with 5.26%, 8.68%, and 2.74%, 4.76% respectively over plain concrete for the replacement 20% and 40% and decreased with 3.94%, 12.1% and 3.16%, 7.5% for the replacement 60% and 80%.

234-240

Authors: Divya K Suku , Phini Ann Philip

Sensor technology is one of the fast growing technologies in the current scenario. And it has wide range of application also. The ability of sensors to work without being monitored by any individual is its unique quality. Wireless sensor network comprise of small sensors which have minimum communicational and computational power. Several anomalies are present in WSNs. One such problem is a hole. Area devoid of any node can be referred to as a hole. This degrades the performance of the whole network. It affects the routing capability of the network very badly. The formation of holes in a WSN is unavoidable due to the inner nature of the network. This paper deals with detecting and healing such holes in an on demand basis.

245-249

Authors: ChinkyAggarwal

Sybil attack is one of the most challenging problems in Peer-to-Peer networks. The huge number of fake identities created by malicious users may attempt to gain a large influence on the network Using identity management scheme the Sybil behavior of a node can be identified, and those suspected as Sybil are limited from inviting others. Moreover nodes may contact one another for file sharing and super nodes calculate rank matrix and uses these values also for assignment of new identities. Although false positives and false negatives may occur in the labeling process, we have to minimize it as far possible. In future, the efficiency can be increased by considering more parameters for labeling a node as Sybil or genuine. Trusted Server can be used for backup .It acts like repository which contains information about each node. If any node is detected as Sybil then we can remove that node and maintain the hierarchy using trusted server because trusted server knows which node will be link to which node. We can check behavior of nodes to determine it is Sybil node or Genuine Node..

250-257

Authors: Mr Vamsi Krishna Chowduru, Mr A Sai Kumar, Dr Madhu, Mr T Mahendar

Although compressor blades have long been shrouded for aerodynamic and structural reasons, the importance of the pressurization over the cascade in the axial compressor stage is being investigated. However, the effects of the leakage tangential velocity variation on the blade passage flow are unknown. An experimental investigation of the loss and flow turning in the blade passage in shrouded axial compressor cascades subject to the variation of the leakage tangential velocity. First, increasing the leakage tangential velocity reduces overall loss. Second, increasing the leakage tangential velocity spreads loss core in the pitch-wise direction so loss core becomes more two-dimensional. Third, increasing the leakage tangential velocity makes the near hub passage flow more radially uniform. Our research predicts the streamline contour occurred at the Rotor Root-Stator Tip to predict the variation of flow. Research over selected series of airfoil at angle of 22° at the Root, 4° at the Tip and vice versa is being predicted using Computational Tools. The Aim is to identify the convergence criteria at lowest possible values of iterations. Based on the design data the approach is being done using ANSYS CFX to perform computational results.

258-264

Authors: RITESH G. PATANKAR, HITESH D. PANCHAL, KEROLIN K. SHAH

Impedance spectroscopy of raw or tap water sample derives from the measurement of the current into and the voltage across the water sample as function of applied linear frequency modulated signal in 1 to 10 MHz frequency range. It is the method to measure real impedance and imaginary impedance of water components. The impedance of the sample can be calculated by applying linear FM wave to the water sample input in series with a known resistor and measuring voltage across the resistor. Performing this measurement by changing the frequencies of the applied signal provides the impedance phase and magnitude. The complex impedance is then calculated and data obtained from measurement are fitted into LEVM program with appropriate model. Then parameters are extracted to describe the electrical properties of the water sample.

265-270

Authors: Dr. Most. Hosney Ara Begum1, Mr. Rupesh Chandra Roy2, Nahid Sharmin3

Waste polythene is one of the hazards which pollute environment extensively. Recycle of waste polythene would help in two ways- first it will clean environment and secondly recycled material can be used as a raw material for other products. Now a days, bricks or construction blocks are produced through conventional procedure. This procedure causes erosion and destruction of fertile land surface all over the country and as a result reducing the crops production area. Other adverse effects of these brick production procedure are that it causes deforestation and air pollution. To avoid these types of environment pollution, a new energy efficient and pollution free process has been developed to produce construction blocks by using sands of different mesh sizes and other ingredients. Use of sands, on the other hand helps to renovate the river bed. The strength of the produced construction blocks has been measured and compared to that of the conventional product.

271-275

Authors: Sangameshwara G S, B.S.Ravaikiran

Coconut is one of the major source of healthy food products. Coconut was grown in various countries in various parts of the world, which contain nutrients and saturated fatty acids. The production of coconut is spread over the Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu. Compared to all other oil seeds, coconut has the highest percent of advantages as well as consistency in production less susceptible to abnormal climatic condition. In conventional extraction processing is carried over by continuous Pressing, Hydraulic presses these are used in the large installations. But those machines are not flexible enough to produce virgin coconut oil and those machines not suitable for virgin oil for their higher cost, larger machine size. This project work aim on design and fabrication of portable coconut oil extraction machine which will eliminate all drawbacks the machine is light in weight which makes it portable and can be used for industrial production. Machine can be handle by unskilled labour and there is less need of power source as it is manually operated.

276-278

Authors: Mohit Thakur

- In this paper, we investigate pre-, post-, symmetrical dispersion and power compensation in parallel for 96 channels ×10 Gbps non-return to zero DWDM system using pumped dispersion compensating fiber (PDCF) and pumped single mode fiber (PSMF). The results of three compensation methods have been compared in the term of bit error rate, eye closure penalty and Quality factor and it has been found that both post- and symmetrical compensation methods provide better results for short haul communication but for long haul communication post-compensation method is the best alternative among other. The impact of bit error rate and eye closure penalty is also observed for large transmission distances.

282-287

Authors: Vanshika Arora, Hardeep Saini

Video coding standards are rapidly evolving with the advance of the video compression techniques. As the state of the art video coding standard, H.264/AVC exhibits superior coding performance improvement over its predecessors. To meet the industry requirement of standardizing existing video techniques, video coding standards were developed by two international organizations, ITU-T and ISO/IEC. the state of art video coding standard H.264/AVC, jointly developed by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), is reported to achieve gains in compression efficiency up to 50% to its predecessor MPEG-2. In the proposed system we have enhanced the prediction coding for low resolution videos and applied the HEVC coding/compression on the video using intra and inter predictability of the data to be coded our techniques has reduced complex quantization block and thus renders the video data with close precision to the blocks encoded and reduces coding error while maintaining high perceptual quality.

293-298

Authors: Siddaling S, B.S.Ravaikiran

In today’s world consisting of huge population due to this there is a need for large scale of production of agricultural products. Agriculture is the backbone of India. In India there is scarcity of labours in agriculture. Day by day labour wages are increasing and in the same way demand of agriculture products are also increasing and today’s world need large scale of production of agriculture products due to huge population. In today’s world there is a heavy demand for sugar and it’s byproducts. The major states growing sugarcane are Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka. Now India is the leading producer of sugarcane in the world. This project aims to design and fabricate small scale sugarcane harvesting machine for sugarcane harvesting to reduce farmer’s effort and to increase the output of agricultural products. When compared to manual harvesting, this machine can cut the lower and upper portion of the suger cane containing leaves, simultaneously by setting the optimum movement of the rotary blades. The advanced technology machines are very costlier and cannot be purchased by a middle class farmers. The maintenance cost of these machines are very high and requires skilled labours to operate. Hence this project work overcomes these problems and aims to develop a small scale sugar cane harvesting machine. And this machine is easy to operate, low cost with more efficiency and having less maintenance. The machine is helpful for farmers and it is economical.

299-305

Authors: Mownesh.R, Dr. Ashok Mehatha

There is a heavy demand for tender coconut in today’s market as it contains nutrients, it helps in dissolving kidney stones ,reduces blood pressure, energy drink etc., and it’s a natural gift. But making a punching and slicing a tender coconut have some difficulties it cause injuries, aged people ,handicapped people feel difficulties to do this. Our project aims to develop automatic punching and slicing a tender coconut. The machine consists of 7 main parts: 1. Air compressor,2. pneumatic cylinders,3.Direction control valve,4. Hose pipe,5. Punching bit,6. Cutting blade and7. Supporting frame. The punch cum splitter for tender coconut is operated by Pneumatic system. The tender coconut is placed on the holder ring, once actuated the air compressor supplies the compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder the Pneumatic cylinder containing a punching bit makes a hole in a downward direction and move back. After consuming it’s water it is placed on other side of the frame for slicing operation. Similarly the slicing operation will be done. The force required to make a punching a tender coconut and for slicing a tender coconut it measures to 251 N and 807 N. The time required for making punching and slicing a tender coconut measures to be 10second and 15 second. The time required to make a punching and slicing a tender coconut will be less, safer to operate and the maintenance cost is less as the operating fluid is air.

305-311

Authors: Palaskar Satish Muralidhar

Concrete is used in most of the Civil Construction work in the world. However high-energy requirement and pollution involved in the production of cement hampers the image of concrete as a sustainable material. Efforts are continuously being made to make concrete environment friendly. Fly ash activated cement concrete is a new development in the world of concrete in which cement is partially replaced by fly ash and activated by alkaline liquid to act as a binder in the concrete mix. Experimental investigation has been carried out to study effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide on compressive strength. Water and cement plus fly ash ratio of 0.45 by mass was maintained in the experimental work. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is varied. Cement fly ash concrete cubes of 150mm sides were cast. The curing is done for 3days, 7days, 28days, 56days and 90days at room temperature. Test result shows that the compressive strength increases with increase in concentration of sodium hydroxide, however beyond optimum concentration of sodium hydroxide compressive strength decreases.

312-315

Authors: Sameera Kawatkar

With the emerging trends in science and technology, the importance of acquiring and finding information from different sources provided by the technology is increasing tremendously. It was possible to store huge amounts of data & information as the computers became more and more advance. All the information available on the internet is made of several documents. Finding useful and relevant information from such documents was required These documents are not always structured and organized in an efficient manner. As a result, the concept of information Retrieval (IR) emerged in the early 1950. Information retrieval finds the most relevant documents according to the inputs given up by the user. Throughout these years this concept of information retrieval has grown & advanced greatly providing easy & efficient access to many users over the internet. This article gives a brief structure of the key technologies used in the field of Information Retrieval & various ways of handling with it.

316-323

Authors: Anudeep.B, Naga Sunil.B

A brake is a device by means of which artificial frictional resistance is applied to moving machine member, in order to stop the motion of a machine. Braking is a process which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into mechanical energy which must be dissipated in the form of heat. Here, the 3D model of aircraft disc brake rotor was created by using CATIAV5R20 with particular dimensions. The structural and thermal analysis of aircraft disc rotor was done in ANSYS 14.5.The materials used for aircraft disc rotor are aluminium metal matrix and ceramic coating. The main aim of this project is validate the mathematical result with ansys results. The maximum stress developed is 26.87MPa for aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) and 21.47MPa for ceramic coated aircraft disc brake rotor. Finally, the analysis suggests that Mechanical and thermal properties of aluminium alloy may be improved through the addition of ceramic coatings on the surface which in contact with the brake pad.

324-331

Authors: Maheswarreddy.K , PG Scholar. Suresh.K , Assistant Professor

— This dissertation proposes a push-pull boost power factor corrector (PFC). It is composed of two boost converters with a coupled inductor. The two identical modules can share the output power and increase the power capability up to the medium power level applications. The main advantage is coupling the two independent boost inductors into a single magnetic core to substantially reduce the circuit volume and the cost without degrading the conversion efficiency too much, which are the important targets of the modern switching power supply design. The interleaved operations of the switches with a cut-in-half duty cycle can reduce the conduction losses of the switches as well as both the turns and diameters of the inductor windings, which help more to the reduction of the circuit volume. Moreover, the operating frequency of the core, and thus the frequency of the two-phase inductor current ripple, is double that of the switching frequency. Also the ripple current at the input side and the output capacitor size are reduced. The power factor and the power density are improved.

330-344

Authors: afsoon mahdavi ; farah habib

Industrial developments of recent centuries and entry of industry system in Iran has created instability,chaos and anarchy in urban contexts and this phenomenon has influenced quality in various economic, social and culture parts. In this research, criteria evaluation is assessed in new urban development by explaining influential criteria on residence quality in different parts. This is a qualitative research with the case study method and its purpose is application in order to improve residence quality. Research tools are questionnaire and open interview with experts. The questionnaires are completed in statistical society of 50 individuals and their results are analyzed by SPSS 19 software. Weight calculation of influential factors on residence quality is performed by AHP software according to opinion of experts and analyzed by Likert method and finally is evaluated by use of spearman test of correlation between variables. The results of analysis indicate a high correlation between influential variables on residence quality and satisfaction degree of districts, residents was average to reasonable high. The gathered data shows proportional satisfaction of citizens of this district from residence condition which is influenced by social, cultural and economic homogeneity clearly. This point is not irrelevant to the history of formation of this district and its allocation to special military kinds.

338-346

Authors: Divya C Das, Mary Joseph, Deepak Varghese

Sustainable, effective and cheapest method of effluent treatment is yet to be reality especially for industrial waste water. Many of the existing methods resulted in several environmental problems. So this paper, mainly focuses on the development of treatment method for Ayurvedic liquid effluents by integrating microbial pre-treatment and vermifiltration. Firstly, Ayurvedic effluent was pretreated with a microbial consortium and later fed to a vermifiltration unit. Organic wastes, heavy metals and solids are ingested and absorbed through earthworm’s body wall and degraded which was found to remove BOD, COD, total dissolved solids (TDS) and the total suspended solids (TSS) from wastewater. There was no sludge formation in the process and odor free. The final vermifiltered water exhibited a significant reduction in COD by 98.03%, BOD by 98.43%, TSS by 95.8% TDS by 78.66% and oil & grease by 92.58%. The resultant water was clean and disinfected enough to be reused for irrigation.

347-352

Authors: . Ayyaj .I .Nadaf 1, Dr. P. P. Shaha2, Dr. M. K. Bhanarkar3

This paper presents utilization of on chip Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for generating analog voltage. Industrial controllers or PLC requires digital to analog converters for process control. Many industrial devices like Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) work on standard analog input 0 to 10v. To communicate DAC modules and PLC special protocol are involved. It leads to time latency to get analog output. This paper represents without any protocol single digital output pin of PLC to give frequency to DAC module. This module converts those ranges of frequency signal to calibrated PWM to get analog output with low pass filter. With this module one can get analog voltage in standard range of 0 to 10v with ripple less than 0.1V. For This module can work in range of 1 kHz to 10 kHz.

354-358

Authors: Sangeeta narwal1 Daljit kaur2

Fingerprint recognition is verifying the match between two fingerprints. Fingerprint recognition is mostly based on minutiae. In this paper the review on minutiae extraction is done after various fingerprint enhancement methods. Minutiae extraction common method cross-numbering is reviewed and how to remove false minutiae with segmented mask technique.

364-370

Authors: Mr. Mikhil K. Bhavsar1, Prof. Vilas M. Mhaske2, Prof. Santosh K. Chandole3

Low back pain is an important clinical, social, economic and public health problem affecting the population indiscriminately. It is a disorder with many possible etiologies, occurring in many groups of the population, and with many definitions. Many industry based investigations have found that low back pain (LBP) is associated with exposure to whole body vibration (WBV). Tractor drivers, in particular, seem to have more LBP as they reported regular backache more often than non-tractor driving farmers. In the present study, the experiments where vibration measurements were conducted at the farms terrains in the village on tractor the data acquisition will be carried out by attaching the accelerometer to lower side of seat as per conforming ISO standards and measurement of Vibration amplitudes using OR34-2,4 Channel FFT Analyzer. Then the analysis has done in terms of root mean square (rms) accelerations in one-third-octave band & International Standard Organization (ISO) weighted overall rms. Both predicted and measured values exceeded the health norms of ISO standards. Then we have made changes in the tractor operator’s seat system with an anti-vibration suspension system by using springs, which reduces the vibration energy and frequencies into a range suitable for the operator. 32 tests have been conducted, on 3 different accessories, 3 different tracks, 2 different speeds and repeating each test for 2 times. Finally, the experimental result indicates, the modified tractor operator’s seat meets the requirements of ‘health guidance zone’ of ISO 2631-1 in all farms terrains. Measurements of vibrations were conducted on tractors of different sizes, analysis has been done in terms of root mean square (rms) accelerations & International Standard Organization (ISO) weighted overall rms.

371-382

Authors: R.Kavitha1,S.Nagaraju2

This thesis presents a methodology for implementation of a rule based fuzzy logic controller applied to a closed loop vector speed control induction motor. The induction motor is modeled using a dq axis theory. The designed Fuzzy Logic controller’s performance is weighed against with that of PI controller. The proc of Fuzzy Logic controllers (FLCs) over the conventional controllers are: (i) they are economically advantageous to develop (ii) a wide range of operating conditions can be covered using FLCs, and (iii) they are easier to adopt in terms of natural language .Another advantage is that, an initial approximate set of fuzzy rules can be impulsively refined by self-organizing fuzzy controller. For Vector speed control of the induction motor, the reference speed has been used and the control architecture includes some rules. These rules portray a nonchalant relationship between two inputs and an output. The errors are evaluated according to the rules in accordance to the defined membership functions. The membership functions and the rules have been defined using the FIS editor given in MATLAB. Based on the rules the surface view of the control has been recorded. The results obtained by using conventional PI controller and the designed fuzzy logic controller has been studied and compared.

376-381

Authors: Parvathy Ajay, Bibin Varghese Kurien

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are ideal for situations where a fixed infrastructure is unavailable or infeasible. The growth in wireless communication technologies attracts a considerable amount of attention in mobile ad-hoc networks. Since mobile hosts in an ad-hoc network usually move freely, the topology of the network changes dynamically and disconnection occurs frequently. These characteristics make a mobile ad-hoc network be likely to be separated into several disconnected partitions, and the data accessibility is hence reduced Today’s MANETs, however, may suffer from network partitioning. This limitation makes MANETs unsuitable for applications such as crisis management and battlefield communications, in which team members might need to work in groups scattered in the application terrain. In such applications, intergroup communication is crucial to the team collaboration. To address this weakness, we introduce in this paper a new class of ad-hoc network called Autonomous Mobile Mesh Network (AMMNET). Unlike conventional mesh networks, the mobile mesh nodes of an AMMNET are capable of following the mesh clients in the application terrain, and organizing themselves into a suitable network topology to ensure good connectivity for both intra- and intergroup. We proposes HEF algorithm for the cluster head selection.

383-389

Authors: M Rupas Kumar*, S Manasa, Sk Asiya

Soil is a base of structure, which actually supports the structure from beneath and distributes the load effectively. If the stability of the soil is not adequate then failure of structure occurs in form of settlement, cracks etc. Expansive Soils like Black cotton soils are more responsible for such situations and this is due to presence of montmorillonite mineral, which has ability to undergo large swelling and shrinkage. To overcome this problem, the properties of soil must be improved. Soil Stabilization is effective technique that addresses this problem by altering the properties of soil. The present study deals with the stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using waste Iron Powder. The admixture i.e., Iron powder is blended with unmodified soil in varying percentages to obtain the optimum percentage of admixture required for soil stabilization. The results show that Maximum Dry Density and CBR values were improved after the addition of Waste Iron Powder to the soil. In this comparative study laboratory tests such as Atterberg’s limits, Compaction tests and CBR tests were carried out for both modified and unmodified expansive soil.

390-395

Authors: Vipin Kumar and Prashant Shrivastava

This work deals with the use of chemically activated Neem (Azadirachta indica) and rice husk (Oryza Sativa) Sawdust (RH) as an adsorbent for the retention of chromium (VI) Ions from synthesized contaminated water. A batch wise experiment was performed in order to investigate the various parameters such as contact time, effect of temperature and initial concentration of the metallic ion. The adsorbent showing highest chromium (VI) removal was found to be Neem sawdust with highest loading capacity of 11.86 mg/g at 305 K and 100 mg/L of initial chromium concentration. Isothermal models like Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm (R2=0.987).

396-409

Authors: Vinay T D [1] , Shivakumar [2] , Karthik Y C [3] , Madhu S [4]

For the growing heavy industrial sectors the demand for compactors is increasing day by day. Therefore, the company must meet the demand through the available facilities so that the company has to sophisticate the manufacturing processes in the existing plant. Despite existing models in other company’s being manufactured in the plant there is a need and demand for different higher capacity models In this paper, an attempt has been made to Develop, Modify and Generate concepts to mount the sub-assemblies from the compactor components onto a Fixture to perform Tack Welding on the sub-assemblies. Techniques suggested in this paper help in saving Cycle time per Job and also help in reducing the Man hours, which might otherwise have been spent on manual Welding of all the Sub-Assemblies, by making the process Automatic. Analysis has been done to calculate the stress, strain & deformation and also theoretical calculations has been done. Comparison is done between the ansys results & theoretical results. The fixture design is carried out by using CATIA V5 R20 Modeling software and the components are analyzed by finite element method (FEM) using Ansys software.

410-418

Authors: Asso. Prof. Pradeep M. Ingole [1], Dr. Ajay U. Awate [2], Mukund Manas [3]

Proper fit is vital for cycling performance, efficiency, comfort and injury prevention. Study reveals that bicycle is generally male favored. It struggles in popularity with females despite the fact that cycling is a good exercise. There is a small but significant difference between male and female anatomy. Due to so, they have different requirements, taste, specifications than the males. This paper emphasizes principal difference between male and female anatomy. It highlights the basic physiological factors, differences of females and their comfort during cycling. Thus, proposing brief study on “The Ergonomic bicycle for Ladies”, taking into account their peculiar anatomy. Here, we are introducing conceptual, new anthropometrically designed seat, frame, handle, tires etc. in bicycle to make it popular for the gender. Hence, an attempt has been made to make cycling more comfortable and popular

419-424

Authors: Yogesh B.Dongare, Prof.Ramesh Patole

Hand gestures recognition play a important role in Human Computer Interaction(HCI). They serve as primary interaction tools for gesture based computer control. The present work is a part of vision based hand gesture recognition system for Human Computer Interaction. Here we have proposed an algorithm with the fusion of skin color model and background subtraction that gives robust output in the presence of drastic illumination changes. In this we paper we compare different methodologies of hand segmentation approaches for gesture recognition systems. This study is a first step towards development of a reliable, efficient and robust gesture recognition system with high detection rate for better performance of system on Android mobile device.

425-430

Authors: Yogeshree Patil, Prof. S.N. Kulkarni

A low voltage low dropout regulator provides an output voltage near about 0.8V by giving input voltage of 1V, with 45nm CMOS technology. The LDO consist of Operational Transconductance Amplifier which works as error amplifier with current splitting technique to boost gain. The power MOS Mp is used for low voltage and low dropout voltage. The output variation is 12mV for current of 0-100mA.The proposed LDO operates over wide range of frequency and provides power supply rejection more than 60 dB at 100 KHz. The simulation of proposed LDO in Advance design system tool

431-436

Authors: Arya S Raj, Kavitha V K

Shadows in remotely sensed images create difficulties in many applications; thus, they should be effectively detected prior to further processing. In accordance with the characteristics of high resolution color remote sensing images, we put forward a Shadow Processing Method of High Resolution Remote Sensing Image Using IOBA Matching with shape information preserved in color aerial images for solving problems caused by cast shadows. In this method, suspected shadows are extracted according to the statistical features of the images. Furthermore, some dark objects which could be mistaken for shadows are ruled out. Once the shadows are detected they are classified and a non-shadow area around each shadow termed as outer buffer area is estimated using IOBA matching. The mean and variance of these outer buffer areas are used to compensate the shadow regions. Experiments show that the new method can accurately detect shadows from urban high-resolution remote sensing images and can effectively restore shadows with a rate of over 85%.

440-444

Authors: Atul Kumar Agarwal1, Prashant Kriplani2,N.L.Gupta3, D.R. Mehrotra4

The possibility of using chalcopyrites of the type Cu(In,Ge)Se2 in a quantum well solar cells are explored. In view of the goal to decrease manufacturing cost Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) type semiconductors attract much attention in recent era. Management of light in thin-film solar cells, where the thickness of the absorber layer is below one micrometer, is of great importance. Keeping this fact in mind, in this paper we are going to investigate the effect of thickness on conversion and quantum efficiency of CIGS thin film solar cell using Silvaco Atlas software to explore the possibility of efficiency enhancement of QWSC’s with CIGS material as well material.

446-454

Authors: Saniya Elza Dominic, Gayathri.R.Krishna

Wireless reprogramming is a difficult technique for software deployment in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Code dissemination is a basic building block to enable wireless reprogramming. Here present ECD, an Excellent Code Dissemination protocol leveraging 1-hop link quality information based on the TinyOS platform. Compared to previous works, ECD has three main features. First, it supports dynamically configurable packet sizes. By increasing the packet size for high PHY rate radios, it improves the transmission efficiency. Second, it has a precise sender selection algorithm to mitigate transmission collisions and transmissions over poor links. Third, it has a simple impact-based backoff timer design to shorten the time spent in coordinating multiple eligible senders so that the largest impact sender is most likely to transmit. These features is incorporated into multi objective optimization (MOPs) approach using Genetic algorithm (GA) to further reduce delay due to best sender selection. Results show that ECD-MOP outperforms other protocols, in terms of completion time.

455-461

Authors: Jintu Ann John1, Neethu Maria John2

In recent year’s privacy preservation in data mining has become an important issue. The main aim is to protect the sensitive information in data while extracting knowledge from large amount of data. The data from different sources have to collaborate effectively while maximizing the utility of collected information. With the advance of the information age, data collection and data analysis have exploded both in size and complexity. The attempt to extract important patterns and trends from the vast data sets has led to a challenging field called Data Mining. When a complete data set is available, various statistical, machine learning and modeling techniques can be applied to analyze the data. Usually, data are distributed across multiple sites. The data warehousing approach has been used to mine distributed databases. It is used to collect data from all the participating sites and are stored at a centralized warehouse. However, many data owners are unwilling to share their data with others due to privacy and confidentiality concerns. So it is a limitation to perform mutually beneficial data mining tasks. To overcome this Privacy-Preserving Data Mining has emerged. The research of Privacy-Preserving Data Mining is aimed at bridging the gap between collaborative data mining and data confidentiality. It involves many areas such as statistics, computer sciences, and social sciences. The exisiting cryptographic techniques for privacy preservation are not very effective for providing privacy preservation on large scale datasets.So random decision trees are used to generate equivalent and accurate models with much smaller costs.The server sends data to multiple clients after doing dataset partitioning.In this paper the dataset is partitioned based on the correlation between the features.This method is more accurate than the existing vertical partitioning of dataset.

468-477

Authors: T.SIVAJYOTHI1 G.SHOBHA2

Hybrid Power System (HPS)s are considered as a reliable and viable option for the electrification of rural villages which are beyond the reach of grid electricity. This project proposes a Novel method for an efficient power management, power quality enhancement and regulation in Off-Grid Hybrid Power System(OG-HPS)s.The proposed method uses an Intelligent Module Distribution Generation (IMDG) units, which internally uses the Phasor Measurement Units(PMUs) and Power Quality Regulation Unit(PQRU) as its processing core ,with an aid of which they will detect the line faults and fluctuations in the power quality of the OG-HPS and corrects them to their rated level. As the core internal components of the IMDG units, the PMU detects the spurious fluctuations in the quality of power flowing through the associated bus line branch and measures the fluctuations with respect to its rated counter-parts. It issues an alert including the power fluctuations calculated so far to the PQRU which consists of variable winding transformers to step-up or to step-down the line voltage based on the calculated fluctuations. The PQRU not only intended to maintain the rated power quality on the Power Distribution Bus(PDB) of the Off-Grid system, but also protects it from the frequent physical faults due to natural disasters, birds and animals.The IMDG unit internally comprises a dedicated circuitry with bi-directional breakers to detect, locate and isolate the line faults of the OG-HPS.The fault detection circuit of IMDG compares the instantaneous parameter values of input and output breaker lines to detect the fault and isolate the faulted line. The IMDG regulates the power quality with protected fault free operation of OG-HPS. The proposed algorithm is designed,implemented and simulated in MATLAB environment

475-481

Authors: Anisha Sarah Mathew1, Mitha Rachel Jose2

Today, the Internet is an essential part of everyday life and many important and crucial services like banking, shopping, transport, health, and communication are partly or completely dependent on the Internet. Also it was originally designed for openness and scalability without much concern for security. Unfortunately, it is not possible to reliably determine the source of received IP packets, as the protocol does not provide authentication of the packet based on the source address field, can be easily pirated. Furthermore the Internet routing infrastructure also does not keep information about forwarded packets. Malicious users can exploit these design weaknesses of the internet to degrade its operation. Denial of Service attacks is launched by large number of compromised host to interrupt the services of legitimate users. Bloom Filter resolves current problem in the network such as routing table growth, multicast scalability and denial of service attack. Based on the information stored in the packet header as a filter, nodes will forward the packet. But it has a several problems like false positive issues, high memory and time usage. In order to overcome these problems, an algorithm called simulated annealing has been used, which results in the efficient detection of denial of service attacks in bloom filter forwarding.

482-491

Authors: Sona P1, Kavitha Issac2, Beena M Varghese3

- In this paper, a new single phase dual output ac-dc bridgeless double boost SEPIC (IDBS) converter is proposed which is a high step up converter. The absence of bridge rectifier in the proposed rectifier and the conduction of one semiconductor switch in the current flowing path during each switching cycle result in less conduction losses and improves efficiency. The proposed topology is designed to operate to achieve nearly a unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input current. The DCM operation gives advantages such as zero-current turn-on in the power switches and simple control circuitry. The proposed topology gives better performance than modified bridgeless SEPIC rectifier in terms of efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power factor.. A design example for a 500-W/600 V dc with 120 V input voltage is provided. The proposed circuit is simulated in Matlab 2010a which ensures the feasibility of the converter