Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan

209-221

Authors: Han Roliad.i

Small-scle paper board industries in Indonesia that use sludge are mrrently faced with difftmlry in promrement continuiry of additional fibrous raw materials (partimlaly pulp and wastepaper) as the sludge mixfllre. On the other hand, empty oil-palmfruit bunches (EOPFB) as wastefrom palm-oilprocessing are abundantly potential offering ligno• cellulosic fiber sfllfft, which have not been utilized effectivefy hence sugg,esting their potential use in those paperboard industries. In relevance, EOPFB after beingchip pedwas experimentally cooked into pulp farpaper board, using semi-chemical hot sodaprocess in the semi-pilot scaledosed (pressurized)di gesterde signed qy the Centerfar &search and Developmenton Forestry Enfjneeri11g and Forest Product Processing, Bogor. Theprocess afforded the EOPFB pulpyield at 60. 17%.Further,paperboard sheet wasfamled in a lfllall-scalepaperboard industry.frotn the mixture of 50% EOPFB pulp and 50% pulp-mill sludge; and from. 100% EOPFB,each incorporarting the adjditives (i.e.5%clayfiller, 2% al11m rentention-agent,4% tapioca binder, and2% rosin-soap size). Pqysical and strength properties of thepaperboard.fron1 100%EOPFB and its mixture withpulp-mill sludge(50 : 50%, mpective!Y) were better than thoseprodltced qy the small-scale industry traditionally using the mixture of 50% sludgeand 50% wastepaper (but, without additives),and also satisfied the commercial-paperboard criteria. In addition, the surface of paperboard .from EOPFB pulp mixed with sludge (50 : 50% proportion)provided interesting visual impression rendering it mitablefar fancy/ art purposes (invitationcard, book cover, decorativepaperboard, attractive surfacepatterns, etc).This suggests the prospective use of ma11efactuti11gfancpy aperboard.from the mixture of EOPFB pulp mixed with pulp-mill sl1tdge, as alternative/ substutute raw material of the paperboard industry that uses the mixture of wastepaper and paper-mill slusge.

241-254

Authors: Ahmad Junaedi & Asep Hidayat

Testing of nilam seedlingorigin had been carried out al West Pasaman in We.rt Sumatera as a part of increasing plant and Patchoolioilproductivity. Three sourcesof nilam seedlingi.e Tapak Tuan,Dairi and Sidikalangwere tested using randomized completely block designin this experiment. The study showed that nilamfrom Dairi at 11 month old produced 19,4 ton/ ha with oil yield of 208 kg/ha and 44,5% of pathhouli cohol content.

263-277

Authors: Mohammad Muslich & Nurwati Hadjib

Jati plus Perhutani (]PP) reveals one of thefast-growing teak (fectonagrandis) varieties which have been developed through the tissue culture to enhance supply capability of teak woodfrom teakplantation. Information about fastgrowing teak wood (including JPP)isstill limited. As the relevance, this attempt tried to experimentally improve the inferioriry of JPP wood at 9years age. &suits showed that the JPP in size was categorized as small diameterwood (KBK, A.I), and in dt1;tibiiiry msceptiblelo dry-wood termites(Cryptoterme scynocephalus)and subterranean termite (Coptoterrnes curvignathus).The JPP after being treated with particular preservatives, improved its durabiliryclass remarkably. To impart added value of JPP wood and lo utilize it as efftciently as possible the jPP after being treated with borax preservative or tlntreated was shaped into lamina with and with out finger-joint connection, and then assembled to gltlelaminated beam (glulam)t1singthe mixture ofphenol-resorcinol formal deflyde and urea formaldefly deadhesive. It turned outhat the strength and mechanica lproperties of thegitllam was not afftcted qy thefinger-jointedand qy borax-treating, exceptcompressive strength parallel to thegrain (in thelengthwise direction ofgltilam) and stiffness (MOE).

111-118

Authors: Gusti Syahrany Noor

Drying properties and preservation of kamalaka wood need to be research in order to support efforts to repair and increase the quality of wood. This study aims to under stand the variations of thickness board to drying properties and the influence of concentrationand soaking duration to the retention and penetration of preservative CCB and Boron. Results of this research showed that the dryingrate decrease in moisture content of kamalaka wood every day to thickness board 2. 0 cm, 2.5 cm and 3.0 cm respectively 0.6%, 0.5 5% and 0.4 9%. During drying, the board changed the farm of cupping, broken and split awng the fibers and most severe occurred on board the size of 2. 0 cm. Retention of CCB and Boron varies.from 4.9 kg/ m' to 11.3 kg/ m', while penetration.from 4.6 mm to 7 mm. Concentration highly significant effact to retention of CCB and Boron so significant effact to penetration of CCB. The addition of concentrationon improve retention CCB and Boron as well as increased penetration of CCB. Wbile soakingduration does not significant effact. Wood kamalika can bepreserved with CCB with concentration 10% and soaking duration minimum during 8 days, and if wear Boron with concentration 10% and soaking duration should be more than 8 days.

130-145

Authors: Han Roliadi & Nu.rwati Hadjih

The assembling of I-joist laminated beam was carried out using old-rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensisM.A.) taken from rubber plantation regarded no longer prodnctive for latex-exudate removal (about25-30years old). Initially,old rubber-woodlogs (diameterabout 10-25 cm)were sawn into laminae. It revealedthat the laminaeyield (36-39%) was lower than that commonly obtained.from the sawing of large-diameter logs. The resulting laminae were recon stituted into I- joist laminated beam using phenol-recorcinol formal defly deadhesiveat room temperature. & suitsof reconsitution (assembling) showed that strength properties of laminatedly oist beam with horizontal- giuing profiles between laminae in the webportion (FSPL = 132.97 kg/ m/, MOR= 184.13 kg/en/, MOE= 54425.196 kg/ en/, and Sh = 2.9 397 kg/ C1n2) werelower than those of small-sizedclear solid (defectfree) kayumanis wood, but higher than those of I-joistwith vertical gluingpro.ftlesbetween laminae in the web as well as than those of thehorizontally laminated beam made-up of old rubber-woodlaminaes as well. Besides, the angle between wood rqy and glue Jines (planes) correlated negatively with the strengths of I- joist beam. This suggests the positive prospect of manufacturing laminated I-joistbeamfrom old rubber-tuood with vertical giuing patterns(in the webportion) between the laminaefar construaion, due to thesaving-enhancementon raw-materialusage.

156-168

Authors: Djarwanto & Sihati Suprapti

Small scale cultivation of oyster mushroom on sawdust media was conducted in Sukabumi WestJava. Medium was made of sawdust added by 10% rice bran, 1% lime, 0.4 % gypsum and plain water sufftcientfy. Sterilized medium were inoculated with three variant sources of spawn, i.e. official collection of P3HH (A), Bogor farmer (B) and Sukabumi farmer (C) Each spawn was inoculated with two methods, either shattering or pinching.The medium were then placed verticalfy and somepart horizontally in a cultivation room. Results indicated that the myceliun1growth on medium inoculatedwith spawn B was siower comparedto that of spawn A and C mycelium rowth on medium inoculated with shattering spawn was approximatefy similar to that of the pinching spawn. Mycelium growth on medium placed verticalfy was spreadfaster than that of horizontal position. Initial harvest on medium inoculatedwith spawn C (34-35 days afterinoculation)wasfasterthan those of spawn A and B (394 3 days after inoculation). However, up to 2 months after inoculation the weight of fruit body obtainedfrom spawn C was lower than that of spawn A and B. Mushroomyield from medium inoculated with the shattering spawn was similar to that of the pinchingspawn. Mushroom productivity of medium placed vertically tent to be higher than that of the horizontal medium.

169-183

Authors: R. Sudradjat Sahirrnan,A.Suryani& D. Setiawan"

The aims of this research is to know the condition process for making biodiesel from nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L) seed oil that has been esterified to yield product qualification fit to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The process consists of degumming, esteriftcationand transesterfication. The oijective of trans esterification was to find the optimum value of methanol molar ratio and optimun1 NaOH catalyst concentration. Someprocess variables conducted were tetn perature,mixin gspeed, meth anol molar ratio, and trans esterificationre action time. Optimum trances terification process obtainedat methanol on oil molar ratio of 6: 1, NaOH concentration of 1 %, temperature 60C, time 30 minuts and mixing speed of 400 rpm. The result showed that nyamplung seed biodiesetoil propertiesincluding/lashpoint, water and sediment content,sulphurs content, copper strip corrosion, cetane number, .free glycerinecontent, total glycerine content,phosphorus content, 90% recovery of distillationtemperature,iodine number, and ester of alk;yl content meet the Anonim (2006), but viscosity, sulphate ash, carbon residue and acid number had not conformed with the standardyet.

18-28

Authors: Muhammad Asdar

Wood machining is the process of manufacturing wood products mch as lumber, veneer and fimliture parts. Machining qualily of wood will determine the quality of wood product. The aitn of this research was to determine machining properties of staian (Toona sinensis) and lerpayang (Pangimn edule) woods from Sulawesi. Testing proedures were based on ASTM D 1666-64 indnded planing,shaping, turning, boring and sanding.Classify of machining properties by visual examination out the basis of five grades.The result revealed that most of the maching properlies of surian and leepayang were verygood (class I), except sanding qualiry of surian and kepayang were quality of lerpayang weregood orclass II. Surian and kepayang woods were suitable for furniture moulding product

43-53

Authors: Santiyo Wibowo, Wasrin Syafii & Gustan Pari

The waste of nyampulng sell could be converted to activated charcoal, it is a gaseous and liquid adsorbent. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the characteristic of activated charcoal made from nyampulng shell. Frist nyamplung shell was carbonized into charcoal, then activated by immersing in H3PO4 solution of 0%, 5% and 10%, for 24 hours and headted in retort at two level of temperatures (700 and 800 C) and two level of duration time (60 and 120 minutes) the quality of acvated charcoal were tested using SNI 06-3730-1995.The optimum condition producing charcoal was soaking in H3PO4 10% at temperature 700 C for 120 minutes. The yield of active charcoal at this condition was 52% water content 8,25% volatile matter 7,41% ash content 4,27% fixed carbon 88,32%, adsorptive capacity of iodine 839,11 mg/g and adsorptive capacity of benzene 13,65

66-76

Authors: Gusmailina

Pandanus leaves signify one of the non-wood forest products commodities which are potential and beneficial for handicraftmanufacture. In the beginning,pandanus leaves were on fy manufacturedinto the so-calledfelted mats. A biding by the market demandand with the time advancing,pandanus leaves can now be handcrafttedinto various shapes and types of produas such as bags, slipperis, dispatching boxes.file boxes, hats, etc. Inpandanus-leaf handcrafting, theproblem as cotlylnonfy encountered is in the coloring and dryingprocess.The improperprocess can loner the qualitiesof pandamls leaf based bandicraf tproducts in that thry are by groscopicand uneven in coloring. This research was carried out to improve quality of pandanus leaves as handicraft material through drying and coloring. Results revealed that in chemical composition the leaves contained moisture of 7-9%; lignin and boloceiuiasa of 18-22% and 83-88%.The leaves exhibited tensile strenght of 2-6 kg and resistance against sun rtly scales 2-3.Coloring matter with base cornpound brought out the most satisfactory color with the brightestintensity on the pandanus leaves. The fresh pandanus leaves treated with base coloringmatters and drying in oven at 70 °C qfforded the best results compared with those of other treatments.

235-241

Authors: Ary Widiyanto & Mohamad Siarudin

Leavessignifies as the most important part of cajuput-oil-producing tree species from which the corresponding oil is extracted. Dimensionof leaf vary among different genus and even among different trees within the same genus as well as within the same species. In relevant, this research aimed to look into the characteristics of the leaf and essential oil yield of the five cajuput-oil-producing tree species. Those investigated species consisted of Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees), M. viridiflora (white-flowered trees), M. cajuputi, Asteromyrtus brasii and A. symphiocarpa, which altogether indigenously grew at Wasur National Park, in Merauke (Papua). From those five species, approximately 6 kg of fresh leaf was taken and prepared for the steam-distillation process to extract their cajuput oil. In total, there were about 120 pieces of leaves as sampled that represented the dimension of all those five species. Results shows that the leaves of M.viridiflora exhibited the biggest dimension (length and width), while those of consecutively M. cajuputi has the smallest length and A. brasii had the smallest width. Leaves of A. symphiocarpa afforded the biggest oil yield (1,43 %) and Melaleuca viridiflora (red-flowered trees) had the smallest oil yield (<0,1 %).