INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

6-11

Authors: DR. HASHMI INTKHAB C., DR. WANKHEDE HARISH A.

Background: Hepatic tissue made from stem cells holds the promise of an unlimited source of material for transplantation. Liver is one of the organs working without a resting phase. Understanding the molecular mechanism governing liver development will also be valuable for efforts to differentiate therapeutically useful hepatic tissue from stem cells. Aim of study: To correlate body weight, liver weight, crown-rump length with gestational ages and to study microscopic structure of liver at various gestational age groups. Materials and method: Forty human fetuses (19 males and 21 females) of different gestational ages ranging from 12th to 36th gestational weeks were procured for the research work. Result: High correlation between body weight and gestational age of fetus. The Crown-rump length (CRL) showed gradual increase from 12th to 36th weeks of gestation. Highly significant correlation found between liver weight and gestational age of fetus. The percentage relative weight was variable throughout the period of the gestation. Microscopy shows haemopoiesis was abundant at early stages of gestation and decrease as the age of liver advances from 12th to 36th week of gestation. Connective tissue elements increase from 12th week onwards showing thick capsule and thickened trabeculae. Central vein appears at around 16th to 17th weeks of gestation. Branches of portal vein, hepatic artery and bile ductile appear later during development at about 18th week of gestation. Conclusion: All physical parameters showed gradual increase from 12th week to 36th week of gestation. The haemopoietic tissue was found abundant in early stage. Central vein, portal tracts appeared at around 15th to 18th weeks of gestation. Key words: Liver, hepatic tissue, portal triad, central vein, haemopoesis

16-20

Authors: Dhokikar GD, Birla VH, Ingale PW, Bende SP, Kadam PS.

Background - Preeclampsia is defined as the triad of hypertension, proteinuria and edema occurring after 20 weeks gestation in a previously normotensive woman. It is specific to human pregnancy and complicate 6 – 8 % of gestation after week 20. Preeclampsia is still one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Since the electrolytes sodium and potassium contribute significantly in the functioning of the vascular smooth muscles, the present study was designed to evaluate their role in the preeclampsia and compare it with that of normotensive pregnant controls. Material & Methods: In this case-control study serum electrolyte status was investigated in two groups: one with newly diagnosed cases of preeclampsia PE (n = 50) and the other of healthy primigravida as controls (n = 50) of same gestational age. Serum sodium and serum potassium levels were measured. Data was analyzed by Students Unpaired t test. Results demonstrated that difference for serum electrolytes, for sodium and potassium between cases (mean 138 ± 4.03 mEq/L, mean 4.0 ± 0.5 mEq/L) & controls (mean 137 ± 6.52 mEq/L, mean 3.9 ± 0.312 mEq/L) respectively, were not statistically significant (P value >0.05). Conclusion- we do not found significant difference in the Serum electrolyte status i.e. serum sodium and serum potassium levels in preeclampsia patients and normotensive controls. Key words: Serum electrolytes, serum sodium, serum potassium,Preeclampsia.

6-8

Authors: Nimje DA, Yadav NRB

INTRODUCTION: The mandible has many unnamed accessory foramina present on the lingual surface, on or near the genial tubercles. The lingual foramen is situated in the midline and above the superior genial tubercles. Many Anatomical textbooks have failed to describe this foramen MATERIALS AND METHODS: 120 dried human adult mandibles of unknown sex were collected from department of Anatomy and examined for the presence of a foramen in the midline of the lingual surface in relation with the genial tubercles RESULT: A constant midline foramen situated above the superior genial tubercles was found to be present in 84 mandibles i.e. 70% of dried mandibles. Foramen situated below the inferior genial tubercles was seen in 5 mandibles i.e. 4.16% and foramen on the side of genial tubercles was seen in 3 mandibles i.e. 2.5%. 7 mandibles have shown more than one type of foramen around the genial tubercle i.e.5.83% CONCLUSION: The high incidence of this mandibular lingual foramen (70%) increase the attention over the ligual surface of the mandible due to its neurovascular contents. Keywords: lingual foramen, mandible, genial tubercle

13-15

Authors: Methepatil SS, Wankhede HA.

Variations in the gonadal arteries are due to their embryological origin which is very complex process. Vasculature of kidneys and gonads is derived from the lateral mesonephric branches of dorsal aorta. The gonads descend during development, but the origin of the gonadal arteries becomes fixed at the third of fourth lumbar level. During routine dissection of posterior abdominal viscera, on right side we found that the testicular artery arises from the upper surface of right renal artery. Just on lateral side of right testicular artery, segmental renal artery arises which enters the upper pole of the right kidney and this segmental renal artery gives rise to the inferior suprarenal artery. On left side testicular artery arises as the branch of abdominal aorta near the junction of aorta and left renal artery. Various types of variations are found around the kidney. Multiple vascular variations near the hilum of the kidney can create confusion during renal transplant surgery and also increases the chances of the vascular injuries. So, knowledge of variations of perirenal vessels is important. Keywords: Testicular artery, Renal artery, Segmental artery, Gonadal artery

6-16

Authors: DR. SYED SADIQALI A., DR. SYED SHAHNAZ S., DR. PATIL DEEPAK A.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) has multifactorial etiology. The complex morphologic events and tissue remodeling take place during heart formation and is accompanied by equally complex mode of gene expression. Recent findings of genes responsible for Congenital heart disease have provided new insights into the genetic basis of heart malformation. Several cardiac Transcription Factors (TFs) involved in heart formation have been identified; but the molecular mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal regulation of transcription within the heart remain unclear. In this review an effort is made to collect data of all Transcription Factors involved in formation of various parts of heart also the association of Congenital heart disease with various chromosomal anomalies is presented. This review helps to provides information about genetic basis of cardiac defects. Many types of genetic testing are currently available; other testing is still in the research phase. Awareness of this rapidly advancing field is important which will help the clinicians to understand, identify, prevent and treat individuals who might be at risk of cardiac pathology at an early stage.

24-28

Authors: DR. PATIL DHAVAL K., DR. BHUIYAN PRITHA S.

Background: Majority of studies in the past aboutmorphometry of thoracic vertebrae mainly focused on pedicle diameters and their angulations. The vertebral body were not studied or only little importance was given to them. Taking into account the complex nature of thoracic spine, the present study has given importance to the morphometry of vertebral body. Objective: To measure the various dimensions of vertebral body in typical thoracic vertebrae. Material and methods: Two hundred dry human typical thoracic vertebrae of undetermined gender and age were selected for the study. The various parameters of vertebral body were measured. Results: The anteroposterior distance of the vertebral body in typical thoracic vertebrae ranged from 12.36 - 31.26 mm with a mean of 20.78 ± 3.36 mm. The transverse diameter of the vertebral body ranged from 22.16 - 35.52 mm with a mean of 27.02 ± 2.06 mm. The vertebral body width ranged from 20.36 - 47.76 mm with a mean of 25.49 ± 2.59 mm. The anterior height of the body ranged from 12.16 - 24.72 mm with a mean of 17.17 ± 1.65 mm. The posterior height of the body ranged from 14.04 - 26.28 mm with a mean of 18.27 ± 1.64 mm. Conclusion: The results provide a comprehensive database for more accurate modelling and design of vertebral body implants and instrumentations for Indian population. Key Words:, Anterior height, Posterior height, Vertebral body width, Typical thoracic vertebra