EMINAK

5-15

Authors: Gorbenko Kyrylo

The main results of research of apartment № 20 in citadel of the late bronze fortified settlement «Dikiy Sad» in Mykolayiv are presented. Ceramics belong to Bilozersk Culture.

20-26

Authors: Nahirnyj Mykola

The article deals with the origin and migration of White Croats. An attempt to find the etymology of their ethnonym is made. Nowadays there is no certainty about the precise process of ethnogenesis of Croats. The existing hypotheses sometimes are completely opposite in meaning. However, one could argue that the Carpathian Croats crystallized from a conglomerate of a number of ethnic groups – a migrants from the east and an autochthons of Western Ukraine. Most researchers are inclined to think about the Iranian origin of the ethnonym «Croats», as evidenced by the toponymic and linguistic arguments. The Carpathian (autochthonous) theory is a quite common, according to which the Croats got their name in the Western Ukraine. Also other theories are presented: Gothic, Turkic, Sarmatian-Alanian etc. The social and political development of the Croatian tribes in Ukraine are shown. A strong feudal Croatian state was formed as a result of wars between the Croats and Avar khanate in the last quarter of the VI century and on the beginning of the VII century. Many found Byzantine and Arabian coins in Halychyna are explained by international trade between these regions and Carpathian area. Due to the development of trade relations in the Croats appear the settlements, in which the Croatian political administration is concentrated. The major administrative centers of White Croatia were Przemysl, Stilsko and Galich. In the tenth century the Carpathian Croatia has appeared under economic (and later under the political) influence of Kievan Rus’. The remains of the Croatian State saved in the Carpathian region as Peremyslian and later (from 1141) – as Galician principality. The local nobility has saved own influence, becoming the Galician «boyarstvo» (nobility). Becoming as a part of Kievan Empire, the Croats continued to create Ukrainian history. The parallels between the Croats and the Ukrainians of the Carpathians in toponymic, linguistic, ethnographic and others features are analyzed in the article. Ukrainian culture of the Carpathian region formed on the cultural traditions of the White Croats. The ancestors of the South Slavs in the Carpathian region were immediate neighbours of the modern Carpathian Ukrainians and thus formed the modern Ukrainian language affinity. Maybe the Croatian language was the official in Galicia until the twelfth century because the Galician Gospel was written in 1144 by this language. Croatian influence also contains «the Word about Igor’s regiment» («Slovo o polku Ihorevim»). The assumption is suggested about the identity of the White Croats and the population of the Ukrainians in the Carpathians on the basis of linguistic, ethnographic and other materials. In general, many parallels between the Croats and the Ukrainian Galicians – in ancient times and today – indicate that the White Carpathian Croats have not disappeared, but were integrated into Ukrainian nation (in particular its west part) while maintaining the uniqueness of its regional character. The descendants of the White Croats on our western territories is today’s Lemkos, Boykos, Hutsuls and Transcarpathians. White Croatia is an important and integral part of the history of the Ukrainians and the Croats.

32-37

Authors: Stetsyk Yuriy

Expand circumstances foundation of the monastery and the main directions of its activities. The emphasis is on teaching certain rules for the College. Established staffing of teaching subjects. Based biohram professors and magisters found their social and territorial origin, age and educational characteristics, stages of spiritual and intellectual formation. Researched of keys milestones of monk’s pedagogical work.

45-51

Authors: Sheludiakova Natalia

The article considers the main aspects of M. Hrushevsky’s activity in the organization of the Museum of Shevchenko Scientific Society. The author emphasizes the fact that one of the most prosperous periods in the museum’s history coincides with the time of M. Hrushevsky’s presidency in the Society. During the 1900s the museum affairs gain particular importance in Shevchenko Scientific Society’s activities as the part of the development of its research infrastructure. Historian’s personal involvement in organizing, arranging, and managing of the museum is revealed. M. Hrushevsky donated his personal archaeological collection, took part in the acquisition of ethnographic materials and involved his personal acquaintances and scientific connection into the process of museum’s collecting. The article also considers the conceptual framework of the Museum of Shevchenko Scientific Society. Particularly, the attention is paid to its scientific orientation and functioning as the factual basis for the development of Ukrainian science. The author stresses that the functioning of the Museum was accomplished according to the general European trends in the creation of national museums. Most European national museums represented the European nations’ achievements and pride. The Museum of Shevchenko Scientific Society as M. Hrushevsky’s project contained Ukrainian traditional material culture as the representation of independence and originality of the Ukrainian nation, its ability to produce original culture. The national character of the museum was reflected in the nature of the gathered objects: the museum objects represented mainly Ukrainian traditional culture of different Ukrainian regions. In addition, scientists, artists and amateurs from all over Ukraine were involved in the process of collecting of the museum material.

58-64

Authors: Ruban Mykola

In the proposed article examines the historical background of the formation and development of the Luhansk diocese of Ukrainian Counciled-Episcopal Church. It is detected the contradictions of confession accessory of the diocese. In example of a particular region it is proved the concerted effort of the Soviet totalitarian system to a complete destruction of religious institutions in spite of the proclaimed standards of religious law. It is analyzed the course of church-institualisational processes on the territory of Lugansk region in the interwar period.

72-77

Authors: Lisovs’ka Olga

The article analyzes social life of inhabitants in Ukrainian villages in the period from the mid-1960s to the 1980s. The main directions of state social policy in this period are examined; the leaders’ achievements and failures are emphasized. On the basis of archival documents the author has found that the problem of village material and technical base in the cultural sphere, the need for urgent decisions to change fundamentally the current situation required new approaches for social and cultural transformations in rural areas. In the mid-1960s an attempt was made to find such ways. The undertaken policy was primarily targeted at the usage of local economic and financial resources, the increase of the state budgeted funds during a large-scale construction. However, the search for new approaches could not significantly affect the material and technical base of establishments functioning in social sphere, as such measure was a part of the command and administrative system and influenced by technocratic thinking, the residual principle and halved attitude in making decisions. In the early 1970s the resource possibilities for large-scale construction in rural areas were depleted. The author comes to the conclusion that since the mid-1960s there had been many attempts to create normal cultural and life conditions in the country, to raise the incomes of collective farmers and workers of state farms so that their material level could stop people’s leaving villages for urban areas. However, all measures turned to be overdue and insufficient. In the late 1980s a significant part of the rural population was not able to use most of the conveniences existing in civilized countries: warm water, gas, regular transport services, etc. The increase of capital investments in social sphere of villages resulted in positive changes. At the same time the funds allocated for the development of social infrastructure in the rural area did not enable the village inhabitants reach the same material level that existed in the urban areas. The villager continued to be a person of lower category in terms of pensions, provision or life conditions.

85-90

Authors: Moiseeva Tatyana

The article explores the process of formation and development of the legislative framework in the definition of ob-jectives and the terms «clients» spinning, restraints and workers houses on the basis of the analysis of the documents posted on the pages of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire.

99-104

Authors: Danyliv Natalia

In this article are analyzed the reasons and consequences adopting by USA Congress the Jackson-Vanik amend-ment which appeared as a reaction to acts the world public and Jewish organizations protests for permission to leave the Soviet Jews. The article is about domestic and foreign political factors, which became the catalyst for the begin-ning of Zionist movement in the USSR. It’s describes the unsuccessful attempts to fight for the right of Soviet Jews to emigrate to their historic homeland and the USA.

112-120

Authors: Orlova Tetiana

The current moment adds emphasis to the importance of comparativistic approach in analyzing the development of Russian civilization at different stages of its history, particularly, the Soviet and the contemporary ones. 2016 marks a quarter century past the end of the USSR and as long a period of new Russia’s existence. Although by global historical measures it’s not too long, some summaries can be made, historical parallels drawn, and certain similar fatal factors noted. The reasons to what turned out not the progress but the regression of the society are reviewed in such domains as economy, politics, ideology, the social sphere. A particular emphasis is laid on changes in social demographics and people’s moods. The general tendency of the Russian empire’s way – under whatever name – con-sists in its antagonism to actual democracy. That showed up both in the Soviet totalitarianism and in the authoritari-anism of Putin’s times. Both periods rely on the relations of «metropolis vs. colonies» type: first with the republics if the Union, now with the subjects of the Federation. The essence is in the principles of distributing resources, fur-thered by the «raw material curse» of Russia. The latter circumstance, together with many others, explains the pecu-liarity of Russian historic path: attempts at breakthroughs towards modernization – and inevitable involution to-wards the past. The current inability to effect modernization is masked with the increasingly aggressive regime of the Kremlin pursuing the militaristic traditions of the past. In the Soviet Union and in the present Russian Federation alike, one of the main causes of disaster is ignoring the laws of synergy, which predetermine the likeness of progres-sive development or decay in a system of any type, including social systems. Like the USSR, the Russian Federation fits poorly into the processes of globalization and transition to the post-industrial society. Both the Soviet and the Russian societies are conservative. A great part is here played by the propaganda, the ideological brainwashing of the population, where words always differ from the reality. The conclusions are important for understanding the processes taking place northeast from Ukraine, as well as for acknowledging the necessity of truly modernizational reform and their support by Ukrainian population.

127-134

Authors: Kalinicheva Halyna

The results of the Ukrainian scholars’ scientific researches dedicated to the problem of realization the European integration strategy by the Ukrainian State are analyzed in the article. The author underlines that the scientific debates about the European integration processes in Ukraine at the end of ХХ and the beginning of ХХІ century were conducted round the questions directly connected with determination Ukraine’s place and role in the world. In the article it is indicated that the reference pointes in the process of the scientific researches the European integration problems became the measuring of the Ukraine strategic priorities in cooperation with the Europe: state-political, policy-legal, economic, secure, scientific-technologic, social, informational, socio-cultural and social. The main directions in the scientific studies of the European integration problem in Ukrainian historiography are selected. According to the Ukrainian scholars’ appreciations, the Ukraine has the following variants of social-political development: 1) effective work for realization the course to the European integration with the outlook of joining ES and belong to the democratic world; 2) transforming into buffering zone with all consequences of marginal start of the country. The author of the article concentrates her attention on the components of the effective realization in Ukraine the European integration strategy: systematic state-political modernization, solving internal political problems, overcoming corruption, forming the strategy of innovative social-economic progress, protecting national interests and successive in carrying foreign policy. The author’ conclusion is as follows: the Ukraine integration into united Europe is considered by Ukrainian scholars as objective but contradictory process, which has its own history, determinates objective and subjective reference pointes, definite positive results, complexities and a number of unsolved problems.

5-10

Authors: Grishchenko Julia

In the article author researched resettlement movements of the Bulgarians in the south of Ukraine during the XVIII-XIX centuries, have experienced several stages, each of which had its own characteristics, and eventually led to the formation of a new diverse ethnic communities. The total number exceeded 150 thousand people in the early of the twentieth century. Also analyzed the policy of the government of Russian Empire of the Bulgarian population. In particular, this concerned the creation of central and local administrative institutions, the introduction of protectionist domestic policies – providing a number of benefits, privileges and rewards.

16-20

Authors: Moskalyuk Mykola

The features of formation and development of major manufacturing industries of Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth – early of twentieth century. The emphasis is put on key industries, their regional features of development. The influence of the main factors in the dynamics of the industry is investigated. The manufacturing industry, pushing into the background manufacture, subjugated peasant crafts, supplanting the urban craft. It has become a determining factor in the industrial area-based specialization.

26-31

Authors: Magurchak Andriy

The separate period of emigration activities of Ukrainian public and political activist, cooperator Andriy Zhuk is highlighted in the article. Zhuk’s correspondence reflects internal life of the Vienna Union of Ukrainian Journalists and Writers and interpersonal relations. The article highlights Zhuk’s proposals concerning the settlement of urgent issues that disturbed Ukrainian emigration circles in the Union of Ukrainian Journalists and Writers.

38-43

Authors: Hordiyenko Vyacheslav, Hordiyenko Galina

In this article the idea of Ukrainian Marxist historian O. Hermaize of Taras Shevchenko’s personality is analyzed. The circumstances of attracting Marxist historian’s interest in poet’s works and personality are highlighted. It is mentioned that O. Hermaize has taken active part in Ukrainian national liberation movement as a member of Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers’ Party. It is pointed out that O. Hermaize has been among the organizers of Taras Shevchenko’s anniversary, which has been banned by the tsarist government. It emphasizes a close relation of O. Hermaize with outstanding Ukrainian historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky – O. Hermaize’s pupil and companion, who has belonged to the Marxist trend of Ukrainian historiography. In this article the technique of the use by historian of Marxist approach is shown to determine essential traits of Taras Shevchenko’s personality. The leading poet’s trait O. Hermaize supposes rebellion. The historian reveals the origin of Shevchenko’s anti-serfdom protest, pointing to its connection to peasant struggle with social oppression. At the same time, the liberal-democratic poet’s views scholar estimates as outlandish and unusual for him. It is investigated the use of categories of Marxist historical sociology by the historian for the analysis of social surroundings in which Taras Shevchenko’s personality formation has been taking place. O. Hermaize shows the relation between economic phenomena and social changes on Ukrainian territory in the middle of the ХІХ century. The leading economical tendency of this period the historian considers the penetration of capitalism in agriculture, which has affected the social structure of the Ukrainian society of that time. O. Hermaize reveals the influence of different social classes – educated Polish nobility, Ukrainian landowners, the representatives of the intellectuals on the formation of Taras Shevchenko’s views. It is discovered the limits of orthodox Marxist O. Hermaize’s interpretation of Taras Shevchenko’s ideas of national liberation struggle. The historian point out to the poet’s «duality» because of his peasant origin and his staying in strange for him social surroundings of Ukrainian intelligentsia. Poet’s sympathy for Slavophile ideas is unfavourably estimated. O. Hermaize’ strivings to dissociate Taras Shevchenko’s image from the ideas of political sovereignty of the Ukrainian people are shown here. The historian stresses on the concept of «samostiynytstva» that is artificial and belongs to the West-politicians who try to assert their ideas through the authority of Taras Shevchenko. In this article it is stated that the use by the historian Bolshevik ideological clichés «samostiynytstvo» has been caused by not only the need to separate the figure of Shevchenko from the national liberation movement, but also by the need to declare their Marxist orthodoxy. New Soviet reality in which O. Hermaize lived and worked made scientists stick to the appropriate ideological frameworks.

52-62

Authors: Zakharhenko Olexiy

The article analyzes the course and consequences of the operation for the crossing of the Southern Bug river and hold the bridgehead near the village Kovalivka of the Mikolaev area in March 1944. Found several reasons that led to heavy casualties in the fighting for the breakthrough «Shaft Bug» on the eve of the Odessa offensive operation of the 3rd Ukrainian front. Considered a question on creation in Mykolaiv region the Zone of military Glory and perpetuate the memory of fallen soldiers.

69-72

Authors: Garbaruk Alyona

The key stages of biography and basic achievements of public and elucidative activity of Eva Felinska – spiritual tutor of modern Polish national association, founded in 1991 in Lutsk – are analyzed in the article. The figure is considered in a few planes – as an authoress, public activist, teacher, mother. The features of keeping the memory about Eva by locals and descendants is reflected. Attention is accented on importance to deserve a sights of the past, in this case – burial-places.

80-85

Authors: Homutovs’ka Iryna

The content and focus of the CPSU Central Committee policy documents adopted in 1985-1996 on the «reformation» of social-economic structure of the Soviet Union. According to the documents identified component of modernization of the Soviet economic system. Discussion questions are stipulated under the possibility and viability of the social and economic system of the USSR in accordance with the trend of world civilization.

93-96

Authors: Nedbay Vyacheslav

This article deals with diplomatic, political, economic, trade relations, relations in the fields of scientific, technical, cultural and humanitarian cooperation between Indonesia and Ukraine It reviewed the history of the bilateral relations formation. The most important joint declarations, communiqués, agreements and other documents are discussed in details. The basic directions of cooperation between the two countries today are analyzed. The most significant events in recent years are described. Some available forecasts and recommendations for further development of relations are underlined.

103-108

Authors: Buglay Natalia

The analysis of historical experience of the last decades certifies the outstanding personal interest of Republic Po-land in a relationship with the United States of America. Official Washington, in same queue, demonstrates a favor in reply. Mutual interest which is expressed in all spheres of intergovernmental cooperation, seems most obvious in the aspect of participation of Poland and USA in the processes of Euro-Atlantic integration. Mutual relations from the USA, indisputably, influence into place and role of Poland in an international policy. Partnership with Washington which perceives it, foremost, as stabilization of situation in Central East of Europe, «pro-vider» of American interests and helper on the international arena, able to level imperial ambitions Kremlin, except for that instrumental in strengthening of international weight and authority of the Polish State, entailed to its surplus de-pendence on the policy of the White House. From a review, above all things, on enormous disproportion of military and economic potential, and also excellent geopolitical interests, during the analyzable period of RP not able to become the strategic partner of the USA truly, and that is why, like the new members of NATO, was forced to be satisfied with status of coalition ally and leader of post-komunist’s States-members of NATO and EU, and at the same time, to realize an ambitions supertask in relation to overcoming of confrontation between USA and European States of Alliance. Consequently, mutual relations of Poland – USA at the end of ХХ – early of ХХІ century, predetermined nothing other, as by elementary benefits, what RP got from this partnership, moving forward, thus, national interests.

115-120

Authors: Datskiv Igor, Tseliukh Andrii

The article described the formation and development of information management software of Ukraine, attracting in-ternational experience. The analysis model of information support of management. Found that in Ukraine, as in the whole world, forming a completely new type of symbolic existence of man, culture and society. A new communication system that detects active influence by acting on the person, transforming its entire way of daily life.

126-132

Authors: Onipko Tatyan

The article attempts to reveal the pages of the biography and scientific activity in the area of economic problems until now almost unknown in Ukraine, the scientist-emigrant Ukrainian-born Alexander Dmitrievich Bilimovich. It focuses on his indisputable contribution to the study of the history of prerevolutionary and Soviet co-operation and prediction of its prospects in the post-Soviet economy. In his last works A.D. Bilimovich supported the idea of «social capitalism», believing that such paradigm can be achieved by evolution. The scientist was looking for a way out in a mixed economy that combines market freedom and the corrective influence from the state. In the post-Soviet mixed economy he saw a reasonable mix of private, state, cooperative and municipal ownership. Therefore, in general the study of A.D. Bilimovich can be considered as a program of consistent and less painful transition from command and planned economy to mixed economy. The core of this program is cooperation, the principles of which have much in common with small and medium-sized business. The scientific heritage of A.D. Bilimovich contains a number of reasonable, relevant and extremely important recommendations for the current socio-economic development of Ukraine. Hence, in our opinion, the works reissue of A.D. Bilimovich in Ukraine is necessary. To this day the entire personal archive of professor remains in the United States of America. Ukraine, through its diplomatic departments is entitled to insist on the return of this obviously unique collection at home.

7-20

Authors: Lazarenko Vladimir

It is shown that the idea about Milesian (Greek) origin the cult of Achilles in the Northern Black Sea region is unreasonable. The key factor of the archaic cult of Achill’s formation in Northern Black Sea region on the initial phase was the meeting of colonists with a powerful ideological phenomenon – honoring by local tribes (relict arias and probably Thracians) an AXI the Snake – primal forefather, almost continuously, since the III millennium BC.

28-32

Authors: Docenko Viktor

In the article on the basis of analysis of monographic and periodical literature are made attempts to identify the main trends in the Ukrainian Jewish arrangement of lands in provinces of the Russian Empire during the nineteenth century. Described the features of the resettlement movement and development of the agricultural policy and place of Jewish tenants in Right-Bank Ukraine in this period. A separate group of Jewish population in Ukrainian provinces created Jews-farmers, although farming was generally not characteristic of the Jews, because they were forced to live in cities and towns. Ukrainian Jews in the provinces were under the guise of land lease used the labor of serfs. During the nineteenth century Russian imperial government made a number of attempts aimed to make the resettlement of Jews to South Ukraine and to involve them in agricultural production. These attempts failed. Most Jewish settlers turned back, and those who remained lived doing incomprehensible for them work. The rest of the Jews employed in agriculture activity of Right Bank accounted tenants and intermediaries that served to Polish and Russian landlords. This group of Jews-factors and tenants- approximately 10 thousand people promoted the lease by Polish landowners more than 800 thousand acres of land. Another 10 thousand Jews-factors served to Russian landowners of that lands. However, it should be noted that Russian and Polish landlords who used their service had an extremely negative attitude to the Jewish population of the region and supported Jewish massacres and expropriation. Overall the attempts of the Russian government to organize the Jewish agriculture can not be considered as successful. This can be explained due to a number of unfavorable circumstances and conditions, including lack of experience and working capital, Jewish mentality. Realizing their own mistakes, the Ministry of the Interior Affairs in 1898 allowed Jews to buy and rent a small ( to 50 acres) pieces of land, to build Jewish farms, agricultural schools with aim to promote their settling in rural areas.

41-47

Authors: Koval Gennady

In this article we investigate data on the composition of Balta City Council and production and trade industry developing in the second part of XIX – early of XX century. We display the city rating information in this period and its region trading importance; give the names of mayors, executives, traders, and the deputies of the City Duma of this period in terms of election; clarify the role of urban fairs in the economic life of the city during their heyday and the decline, the list of goods. The article review also the turnover of Baltic Troitske fair in 1899, 1908 and 1909; present data on the trade fairs turnover of 1843, 1846, 1852, 1857 and 1890. We have pointed that the items of trade fairs were wheat, cattle, lard, wool, leather; display the figures of city population increasing, its ethnic groups, the number of houses, streets, the list of trade institutions and enterprises, the sum of their productions, the names of the owners; show the amount of city income from the various city activities and expenditures in different years. In the article we present a detailed analysis of the proprietors’ names, the sum of annual production, the quantity of factories and workers in 1848, 1860, 1890, 1897, and 1911; give the statement about factories and plants of 1899, which shows industry, quantity of enterprises, amount of production and number of workers represented, and the income of the city in 1900 was given as example; the names of insurance company, their owners and city chemist shops. The status of the city is shown on the eve of the First world war. We point that in the beginning of nineteenth century Balta becomes one of the largest trade and craft centers of the Southern Ukraine. We give opinions of local residents that in the beginning of twentieth century local trade turnovers were considerably weak; city funds had chronically lack of money.

56-60

Authors: Kyazymova Galyna

The article is revealed the contradictory and irreconcilable character of relations the Soviet State to the Orthodox Church the second period of 1940’s – 60’s. Traced the transition from State politicians flirting with the Church, which took place during the war, a decisive closing of churches and other measures. The efforts of the Orthodox Church to fit into the social life of the Soviet society, to find a compromise, were unsuccessful – the retreat was over, the hostility of the authorities to the Church returned into their own.

69-74

Authors: Hryashchevska Lyudmyla

Described indexes of different types of migrations of rural population, reasons of this phenomenon are certain. Basic among them is: unemployment of peasants, as a result of decline of agricultural enterprises, subzero salary, lag of cultural development rural to the sector, insufficient medical service, decline of infrastructure of village. As a result from 1989 to 2001 the migratory streams of villagers increased. The basic sign of these processes was their unsettled and spontaneity. Among the basic social consequences of migration of peasants of Ukraine, it follows to distinguish the following: rapid rates of aging of the Ukrainian village, increase of indexes of the demographic loading (attitude of persons of the disabled age is to the persons of capable of working age). The result of accelerated the process of destruction of villages network. Migratory processes it follows to examine as one of principal reasons of social decline of the Ukrainian village during the investigated period, as they influence on the redistribution of population, «hollow out» from villages the layer of not only capable of working, but also reducing the natural increase of villagers. One of forms of the possible adjusting of external migration there is development of legal labour migration. It must decide a question about the complete statistical account of labour pendulum and seasonal migrants from rural locality, organization of monitoring of process of labour pendulum and seasonal migrations on a village and to carry out researches on this issue. For today a process of migration of peasants is one of the most actual problems of development agrarian to the sector of Ukraine. Next to internal migration of peasants external migration of capable of working rural young people increased in the last decade, worsening difficult demographic situation. Modern migratory processes take place spontaneously, inherent higher level of education and professional qualification of labour migrants. On the modern stage for successful reformation agricultural to the sector major is constancy of demographic processes, stopping of migration of capable of working population. Without regard to an acceptance the state during the last decade of legal acts that, it seemed, must improve a migratory situation on a village, position in the field of it remains critical.

80-84

Authors: Turyanytsya Inna

Ukraine’s modern security challenges fully proved no future viability of the concept of non-alignment. The policy of multi-vector foreign policy and military tactics observance of political neutrality has expediency only small European countries (Austria, Ireland, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland) are surrounded by enough peaceful neighbors. However, in the twentieth century the largest country in the world – Russian Federation started to show openly expansionist policy. Not only because of the illegal annexation of Crimea, Ukrainian, deployment of military operations in eastern Ukraine, disregard sovereignty and inviolability of borders, Russia is destroying the global system of security that was founded after the Second World War. Moreover, Russia has been discredited concept of nuclear disarmament and voluntary renunciation of weapons of this type. Ukraine's cooperation with NATO partner countries has great potential. Most threats are clearly identified as a North Atlantic alliance, and Ukraine. A particular danger in Europe is the Russian Federation which is direct military aggression against Ukraine. Suffice it is not friendly policies and against the Baltic States. All this leads to a pile containment strategy review, which adheres to NATO. It should be emphasized that the main allies of Ukraine among NATO members Poland and Lithuania is that practical actions have shown their interest in deepening military and political cooperation with Ukraine. Eastern Europe have undergone a radical reassessment of threats and challenges is changing military doctrines of NATO in 2014-2016. At the same time Ukraine is a key country in Eastern Europe in the process of building a European security and countering contemporary challenges to international stability.

96-105

Authors: Levchenko Larysa

The author distinguishes among economic archives of the subspecies business archives, disputes the opinion that the business archives have arisen during the period of industrial capitalism at the turn of XVIII-XIX centuries and claims that the business archives originated in the Ancient East. For proving this thesis, the author gives examples of business archives of Commercial Chamber «kārum» and merchant archives Kanish (XX-XVIII centuries BCE), the banking house «Egibi and Sons» and «Company Egibi» from Babylon (690-480 years BCE), businessmen from Nippur (VII-V centuries BCE), as well as representatives of small business from cities-states Ur (II millennium BCE) and Aššur (II-I millennium BCE). The author supports the opinion of Cornelia Wunsch, who claimed that the business archives of the Ancient East was formed through the older brother in every generation of businessmen. Archives of other family members and business partners joined its. So this business archives is a basic fond, which incorporates a number of other funds created various owners. According to the author, this is the first feature of the business archives of the Ancient East. The second feature is the miscellaneous business documents and private papers, and the third – the miscellaneous of financial and legal documents. The presence of business archives in the Ancient East, firstly, proves that this kind of archives originated not in the period of industrial capitalism, XVIII-XIX centuries, but several thousands years earlier. Secondly, analysis of the composition and content of the «funds» in these archives shows that we use almost exactly the same kinds of economical and legal documents today which the archives of the Ancient East were keeping as well. It leads to the conclusion that modern business practices and relationships have the roots from the Ancient East. Thirdly, documentary sources preserved in the business archives of the Ancient East and discovered by archaeologists, allow us to study the evolution of the business, economic development, social and economic relations in the communities of Ancient World from another point of view, different from the settled opinion about ancient civilizations as the slave, that fundamentally changes our understanding of the history.

111-116

Authors: Pogromskiy Viktor, Usmanov Nail

The tragedy of the early twenties of the twentieth century, known as «famine in the Volga region» covered not only the vast Russian territory, but also a significant part of Ukraine. Support for the starving citizens of both Soviet republics at that time had such foreign charities as the «Committee of F. Nansen», The Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and the American Relief Administration, better known as the ARA, as well as a number of smaller philanthropic organizations from North America. However, it is ARA contributed significantly to the victory over hunger. This is formally a non-governmental structure of the United States, headed by one of the most influential ministers of the US government at the time, Herbert Clark Hoover. In 1919-1921 ARA helped residents of several countries of Central Europe, is experiencing a food shortage after First World War. In the fall of 1921 Hoover organization began to feed hungry people in Russia. In the spring of next year, it extended its work in Ukraine. American authors, relying almost exclusively on documents of the ARA, have contributed to the consideration of humanitarian aid to Ukraine by that organization. In general, the activities of the foreign organization, in our opinion, was shown them quite objectively, although one can note some of their biases and inaccuracies. At the same time, this issue can be significantly expanded and supplemented by modern Ukrainian researchers. Using a variety of sources from the local archives and materials of the periodical press these years, you can recreate a complete and objective picture of the American Relief Administration in Ukraine of 1922-1923.

123-129

Authors: Petriv Nazarii

In the article the main approaches to the study of the history of Evangelical Baptist movement in Western Ukraine are ex-amined. The basic methodological approaches to the study of the history of the later Protestant denomination in the example of communities of Evangelical Christians and Baptists in different time periods and countries are analyzed.

5-11

Authors: Stetsyk Yuriy

The historical terms of founding and activity of monastery are given in the article. Economic soil of functioning of monastery is considered: landownership and liberties. The dynamics of quantity of monkhood is traced and certainly them territorial and social origin. Age, educational studios, monasterial and church duties of monks is analyzed. The basic landmarks of the spiritual teaching and labour of monks are exposed in biographic certificates.

20-25

Authors: Ostropol’ska Maryna

The ideological connections between M. Pavlyk and the intellectual persons of Naddnipryans’ka Ukraine during the last quarter of the XIX – beginning of the XX century in the context of social and political processes which took place in a noted period in a country are analyzed.

32-37

Authors: Tokalenko Pavlo

In this article the author tries to reveal the role of the repressive policy of the Russian Empire after the First Russian Revolution in the South of Ukraine. Using statistical material focuses on increasing autocracy reaction after stabilization of social processes in society. In part, the author tries to describe the internal conditions of political prisoners in the penal system. The author emphasizes the failure to solve social problems repressive methods and emphasizes the causal relationship of the First Russian Revolution with the events of 1917. Including the author gives data on the number of executions of political prisoners and notes that executions continued even in 1910. The author notes that the number of political prisoners, according to Saul Usherovycha constantly growing, as evidenced by the victory of the reactionary policies after the revolution of 1905-1907. Also, the author gives other statistical dates associated with the activities of courts-martial for military reports of the Ministry of the Russian Empire (according M.M. Polyansky). The author argues that political pressure created fertile conditions for suicide and premature death convicts. The penal system more kills prisoners than revolution. The repressive system in Russia directly affected the psychological state police apparatus of empire, keeping it in constant tension, requiring enhanced concentration. According to statistics from the Ministry of Interior was the number of prisoners – 167,830 people. Kiev prison could officially hold – 690 prisoners, but actually there were – 2,207 prisoners in the Odessa prison – 1610 persons in 804 places in Katerynoslav – 842 to 324 seats. They were sleep on the floor, under bed, and in the prison hallways. A large number of prisoners caused the spread of disease. In 1910, the Russian Empire revolutionary sentiments intensified by the news of the death of Tolstoy. In Mykolayiv city, head of the local police in a secret letter to Mayor of Mykolayiv, said elevated political mood of the local population, which was the result of this news . In addition to death Tolstoy, in 1910 there was a low demonstrations on the anniversary of the events of «Bloody Sunday» and celebration of May 1. In added to political news of abuse of prisoners in prisons and hard labor that came from Pskov, Tobol’sk, Vologda, and other cities, fueled anti-state attitudes in society. Thus, the internal problems of the Russian Empire, including the unresolved agrarian question caused the continuation of the revolutionary process in society. The government continued unsuccessful attempt to stabilize the social processes by repressive methods. Imperial power is not used the experience gained as a result of its own mistakes and despite attempts to liberalize social relations by creation of the first parliamentary traditions in Russia, the government did not change its attitude to the problem.

45-52

Authors: Babenko Ludmyla

The author in this article represents and summarizes the types of protest moods among clergy and the faithful, which were formed as a reaction to the policy of church valuables caption in the beginning of 1920th. The main attention is accented on the reasons of the confiscatory character of this campaign, use of starving in 1921-1923 as the mean of society conscience manipulation. Were detected the prerequisites of formation of different types of moods among the Orthodox clergy and the faithful, in particular the role of Bolshevist Security Services as the key prerequisite of the force model of relations between the state and the church formation. Common and different features of clergy and the faithful attitude to the measures of bolshevist government are shown, and also their aims and consequences. The complex of behavioral strategies in the circumstances of offence on the Orthodox Church and its clergy, which had both realized and reflective character, is characterized. It is also said about «servilizm» of the main part of clergy, which appeared in the process of caption and split of the Orthodox Church. Protest moods are brightly represented by the position of Patriarch Tihon, who proposed alternative methods of church participation in overcoming the starving consequences. During the detection of the types of moods among clergy and the saint the main attention is devoted to the role of Security Services’ information-analytical activity with their broad agent network in Orthodox community.

64-71

Authors: Osipenko Olexander

The article deals with the administrative apparatus of Transnistria Governorate which was established by the Romanian invaders in the southwestern territory of Ukraine for 1941-1944 years. There have been considered administrative and territorial structure and system of government of the corresponding Governorate. The managerial workforce of the uyezd, praetorship, municipalities, urban and rural mayors and responsibilities that have been entrusted to the heads of relevant units has been described. Also the punitive system (military field courts and district military praetors) which assigned the function of local people punishment has been analyzed. The management (administration) which led the finance, economy, health, education, cults and propaganda has been highlighted. The directorate of agriculture which performed the main functions of management in agriculture governorship has been discussed in details. The system and administrative staff of labour communities that have arisen on the basis of collective farms (kolkhozes), by changing only the name, and played an important role in providing invaders of agricultural commodities during war have been analyzed. Also there have been considered the principles of respective working rural communities which had the right to enter them and each community functioning team which included 10-20 households with land allotment of 200 arable land hectares. Formation of the rural community was going on well established procedure. For community registration the most of the collective farm (kolkhozes) members gathered to the meeting where the representative of the government made the act of transformation of a kolkhoz to the community. The relevant document had the lists of total land area, availability of livestock and implements, the number of working-age population and the number of established brigades. The head of the community and brigadiers of brigades were elected by the present members. The existence of these communities was to the war end. All the rural workers were required to carry out their functions in the event of failure they can be punished. Some workers made progress in their duties and then took reward for it. The occupation authorities also carried out a control of forcing the leadership to conduct a variety of report and controlling documentation.

79-87

Authors: Yegreshiy Oleg

According to the author, the historical science, using Extrapolation approach can make a convex analysis of social processes taking place today. See expressive positive, opportunities, but also to identify the challenges facing modern man. For today often characterized by the loss of sacred archetypes of the past, distancing from traditional Ukrainian historical foundations of everyday life. Meticulous routine will look at the author’s opinion, to outline the degree of secularization of society and extrapolate knowledge in the present. Secularization – much more prominent, more volume process, which covers primarily the everyday life of society. The article tries to analyze the events of social and political life of Ukraine 2015 Constitutional Commission, in particular the development of new parts of the Constitution relating to human rights and the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, November 12, 2015, the so-called anti-discrimination amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine. According to the author, these expressions indicate secularization and therefore threaten national and religious identity. In March 2015 President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko created the Constitutional Commission and laid it on her task of ensuring broad public and professional discussion of proposals for constitutional reform in Ukraine. All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and religious organizations directed to the Constitutional Commission proposals on improving the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine. According to religious leaders, the Constitutional Commission proposed new wording of the provisions on human rights and freedoms include serious threats to the family institution in Ukraine, the traditional Ukrainian society relationship of marriage as a union of man and woman, and form the basis for legalization unacceptable moral health and the natural development of the society of same-sex partnerships. September 12, 2015 Ukrainian started collecting signatures for electronic filing of petitions to the President of Ukraine Poroshenko demanding withdrawal of the inadmissibility of the Constitution of Ukraine definition of marriage as a union of man and woman and the inadmissibility of the Constitution of Ukraine the emergence of a new definition of «sexual orientation» and protection requirements human life from conception to natural death. Considerable discussion publicity received by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine the draft new Labour Code in November 2015 ultimately 12 November 2015 the Parliament of Ukraine introduced anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code. Although the November 10, 2015 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has repeatedly rejected the draft law «On amendments to the Labor Code of Ukraine (concerning the harmonization of legislation in the sphere of combating discrimination of EU law)», the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko urged parliamentarians to adopt Yet the so-called anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code. On entering Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine anti-discrimination amendment to the Labour Code, 12 November 2015, sharply reacted representatives of religious organizations and churches.

96-103

Authors: Boyechko Vladislav

The peculiarities of the process of formation of party and political system of Poland during the revival of the Polish statehood are investigated in the article. It is determined that political parties have passed a continued way of the organizational formation long before the acquisition of the Polish independence. It is found out that during the First World War political parties have been united due to the politically external orientation or feature. After acquisition of the Polish independence politically internal factors have become the basis for uniting. The forms and direction of the activity of parties and their positions in the struggle for the socially political system were determined by this process. It is found out that a great amount of ethical groups or national minorities created problems for parties, which strove to strengthen the unitary of Poland.

111-115

Authors: Kozii Olexander, Horbachyk Oksana

This article examines one of the aspects of Ukrainian-Chinese relations and discusses the relationship between Ukraine and China in the field of culture in the early XXI century. The authors note a significant rapprochement between the two countries and extension of cooperation in the humanitarian sphere towards other areas, such as political, economic and military-technical. The authors conclude that the relationship with China in the humanitarian sector, cultural in particular, is very important for Ukraine.

123-128

Authors: Vovchuk Ludmyla, Shapranova Karyna

The article reveals the foreign policy of France to the Middle East, namely Syria. It is one of the most important partners for France and at the same time problem in its foreign policy implementation. The problem was extremely sharp shown during the “Arabic spring” on the territory of Syrian Republic which has demonstrated inability of France in acting firmly in its usual line and its unwillingness to go beyond the European policy. The greatest danger for Paris was the creation of ISSL, which included part of the territory of Syria and the threat of terrorism in the region generally. Peaceful settlement is not the real solution for France, especially for Fr. Hollande, whose views are more focused on security and stability in the region through providing this in France.

13-20

Authors: Pistruil Ihor

The paper deals with some aspects of site structure of Epigravettian bison hunters in North-west Pontic region on the base of key sites – Anetivka II and Big Akkarzha. There exist two main approaches toward their interpretation: • V.N. Stanko considered Anetivka II to be the cult (religious) centre of several bison hunters’ communities due to large bone-and-flint macro-assemblage, while separate micro-complexes were regarded as the places of cutting of hunted bison carcasses; • I.V. Sapozhnikov interprets small complexes of accumulated archaeological material as reflection of seasonal household activity of individual hunter families (Big Akkarzha); macro-complexes, on the opinion of this author, can be the result of multi-layer accumulation of separate micro-complexes (Big Akkarzha), as well as of periodical «floor» / territory cleaning activity at the site (Anetivka II). Both above mentioned sites can be compared in two ways: • similarity: the presence of archaeological micro-assemblages and discrete small complexes consisting predominantly of bones and flint implements; the same spatial structure (in principle); the same object of hunting (bison bones prevail at both sites); the same technical and typological composition of investigated flint collections; • difference: the size of site territory (the area of Anetivka II is several times more than Big Akkarzha); amount of flint implements (collection of Anetivka II is much more numerous); amount of bone implements (bone artefacts collection of Anetivka II is large and diverse in contrast to Big Akkarzha). Thus the differences, identified between the sites has quantitative character and don’t relate to factors of economical structure.

31-34

Authors: Ivchenko Andriy

The article to deal with the separate area of the necropolis in Olbia that has reasonable boundaries in the historic landscape. On the basis of thorough research funerary monuments there were made some general conclusions. All Hellenistic funeral objects are represented with underground crypts. These crypts were constructed for the pair families. Members of these wealthy families were connected, may be, with external trade relations.

39-45

Authors: Grebennykov Viktor, Pobochyn Ihor

This publication provides a preliminary analysis of a rich female burial, which was found by accident. Based on found artifacts it can be attributed to the time of Golden Horde – XIII-XIV centuries. Such burials are very rare in the Northern Black Sea, as actually and throughout the former Golden Horde.

54-59

Authors: Hospodarenko Oksana

The author based on new archaeological and numismatic materials research examines the thesis of M. Russev and A. Melnikov of the possible existence in the territory of the monument to the Dniprovs’ke-2 Genoese castle Lerici.

67-77

Authors: Levchenko Valery

The article is based on material of Russian and Ukrainian archives, some of which are first introduced to the scientific use, the article attempts to detailed reconstruction of some events in the life of M. Rubinstein in Odessa. The scientific importance of the subject due to the fact that the figure for objective reasons historian for many years remained unnoticed by scholars and biographers. In the life of a scientist any research of his biography were possible only in the context of current policy. In the last quarter century there was a revival of attention to life scientists M. Rubinstein. Nevertheless in the Russian and Ukrainian historiography no full curriculum vitae historian. There are attempts to write such works, but they are not without factual omissions, errors. One of the reasons that led to this situation is the inability of the authors of development and the introduction of various scientific use of sources. Trying objective study of the Odessa M. Rubinstein period of life based on a systematic study of archival materials, new reading and rethinking his work to offer a new model for the reconstruction of the biography of the historian, study his life world, study the model of historical writing, determine the level and type of sending his historical knowledge in the context of historical science. Implementation attempt a detailed reconstruction of various aspects of M. Rubinstein based on documentary sources and an opportunity to establish more deeply analyse the circumstances of scientific activities that contributed to his nomination in the front ranks of Soviet historical science. Using prosopohrafic approach these circumstances make it possible to determine the relevance and demand studies on life’s journey M. Rubinstein in 1897-1931 years, which is associated with a geographical plane Odessa. Setting these same issues in the context of research on the activities of the Odessa historian, as a whole today is an absolute innovation research. Much attention is paid to such problems as for higher education in the historical period of reform of higher education and post-graduate studies in the making of a network of research institutions in the Ukrainian SSR. Although these problems are developed in recent years within the intelligence on the history of higher education and science in Odessa, various aspects of their insufficiently studied and deserve further study complex.

83-87

Authors: Vovchuk Ludmyla

The article reveals basic aspects of Ukrainian-Japanese bilateral strategic relations during 2011-2015. The role of summits and visits at the highest national level in the development of relations between the countries. Because it is a level event serve the importante force that makes further efforts of both sides for the implementation of regular mutually beneficial and promising initiatives and joint projects.

94-98

Authors: Gorburov Eugene

This paper is about the badges that were released for the fortieth and seventieth anniversaries of society «Prosvita» in the ХХth century. Their detailed description is provided. The history of the establishment of the society «Prosvita» and their actions on the territory of Western Ukraine and in the city of Nikolaev are briefly introduced.