The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences

7-15

Authors: Aiman Hassan; Iana Malasevskaia; Salma Sultana; Lubna Mohammed; Stacey E. Heindl

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with delayed social communication and behavior skills. Scientists have postulated various theories to understand the different mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ASD with consistent findings of mutations in genes encoding Voltage-gated Calcium channels (VGCCs) in ASD patients. We have systematically reviewed and analyzed various mutations in VGCC genes and their association with ASD. We did a literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, NIH database for clinical trials, and Google Scholar. We used keywords “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “Autistic Disorder”, “Calcium channels”, and the filter terms etiology and genetics. We included all free full-text articles in the English language that were published from 2005 to 2020. This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2009 guidelines. We selected 14 studies for this review after applying exclusion criteria and performing Quality Assessment (QA). All of our studies show a significant association between ASD and mutations in VGCC genes. These findings support further testing of the readily available Calcium channel blockers (CCBs), with known side effects and safety profile, and understand if CCBs can be repurposed for treating or alleviating the symptoms of ASD.

20-25

Authors: Ph.D. Le Nhi Hoa

Respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity; not to use force or threaten to use force in international relations; equal and mutually beneficial cooperation; the peaceful settlement of disputes and disputes are core principles and values of international law, the Charter of the United Nations; achievements and efforts of all nations in the world, including Vietnam. With the historical approach, the article in-depth clarifies a number of prominent points in Ho Chi Minh's thought about war prevention, settlement of disputes, disputes by peaceful means and their application in fight to protect the sovereignty and legitimate interests of Vietnam in the East Sea.

6-7

Authors: Nguyen Thi Nga; Hoang Thi Phuong Ly

Copyright of photographic works is an issue of great interest to many subjects, not only the authors of the photographic work but also many subjects including lawmakers or institutions. media ... In the scope of the article, the author focuses on raising the importance of law in the protection of copyright to photographic works and giving some explanatory opinions on the issue of rights protection. author of photographic works in Vietnam.

18-19

Authors: Tran Ngoc Giap

Reality shows that China's unreasonable sovereignty claims in the South China Sea have surpassed the framework of the international legal system, international law of the sea, international practices, especially serious violations. sovereignty, sovereignty, jurisdiction of the states in the South China Sea. Since 1949, China has made moves to expand the living space towards the sea, from then until now consecutively issued many policies, laws and implemented a series of activities in the field, seriously violating to respect the sovereignty, sovereignty rights and jurisdiction of the countries along the East Sea, making the regional security situation increasingly tense and complicated. There are seven unreasonable claims of China in the South China Sea.

6-18

Authors: Iana Malasevskaia; Ahmed Ali Al-Awadhi

Backgrounds: Poor ovarian reserve and poor ovarian response present a challenge to fertility doctors and in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers. Delaying childbearing is rising nowadays, contributing considerably to an increase in age-related infertility and the demand for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatment. This brings to the infertility clinics many women with a diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and poor ovarian response (POR) Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is presented as a miracle-drug and has been reported to improve pregnancy chances in patients with a diminished ovarian reserve and poor ovarian response to fertility treatment. Additionally, DHEA is now utilized by approximately one-third of all IVF centers worldwide. Aim: Our objective was to assess DHEA supplementation's effect on women with a diminished ovarian reserve and poor ovarian response to fertility treatment and to find out potential mechanisms of action of DHEA in infertile women. Therefore, we examined the rationale for using DHEA in poor responders and diminished ovarian reserve patients, selected the relevant studies, presented the data, and addressed its potential action mechanisms. Methods: A literature search in PMC, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar was carried out using the following keywords: "ovarian reserve," “DHEA and infertility,” "DHEA and low ovarian reserve," "DHEA mechanism of action in low ovarian reserve." Study selection was in the language (English only), model (humans only), open accesses, and all types of studies were included as long as they were relevant to our study. Limitations: While we were gathering the information for this review, there were some limitations. Our data was primarily obtained from articles with free full access and written in English language only; thus, relevant articles of closed access and written in other languages may have been skipped. This review article is a traditional review and, therefore, does not follow the standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews.

6-10

Authors: Jeoffrey Patrick G. Chio; Mahdi Kittaneh; Fahad Aurif; Harsimran Kaur; Bilal Haider Malik

Acne vulgaris is one of the critical issues that affect Adolescents and young adults. It is estimated that it affects almost 10% of the population worldwide. Dietary habits and smoking have long been associated with acne; however, there has been a lot of controversies behind this theory. This study aimed to identify the association between the effects of dietary intake and smoking to acne among adolescents and young adults. A traditional review was done using PubMed as the source of articles. Mesh database and general database was utilized to search the following keywords: acne, diet, and smoking. From the list of articles and journals, title search, and abstract screen were conducted, which revealed more precise and well- fit studies that were used in this study. Thirty-seven articles were extracted and utilized for this review. Among these, eleven articles discussed the association between diet and acne, 3 articles tackled acne and smoking, while the rest reviewed both smoking and diet. We have found a positive association of different degrees between high Glycemic Index diet and smoking with development of acne vulgaris.

6-13

Authors: I. Fubara-Manuel; C. Emeka; E. Ikrang; D. D. Davis; O. P. Princewill

Cassava is an important and most widely consumed staple food in Southern Nigeria. However, its production especially in South-South, Nigeria, is mainly at the subsistence level. In order to boost production, mechanized farming and the use of fertilizers have always been advocated. Mechanized farming, however, involves the use of tractors that compact the soil. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the performance of cassava (manihot esculenta) on a sandy loam soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) under varying tractor passes, at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 92kg of SMS was mixed with the soil, ploughed and harrowed using a tractor. At the end of these operations, the tractor was allowed to run on the experimental plots without any hitched implement so as to compact the soil using 0, 2, and 4 tractor passes (0TP, 2TP and 4TP). The compaction levels arising from the several tractor passes were measured with a cone penetrometer. A similar plot of land which neither had SMS nor tractor passes was included as a control (C) making it a total of four Treatments in all. The randomized complete block design with three replications was used in establishing the experiment. Two cassava stems were planted per stand in each plot, at a spacing of 1m x 1m, with supplemental irrigation applied at a rate of 0.002m^3/s. The plant parameters measured were emergence rate, plant height, stem girth, and yield. The results showed that at 19 days after planting (19 DAP), the emergence rates were 100%, 100%, 42.8% and 28.6% for C, 0TP, 2TP and 4TP respectively. The highest average plant height was obtained from 0TP, followed by C, 2TP and 4TP in that order. The stem girth and yield also followed the same trend. On the whole, the highest mean yield (8833kg/ha) was obtained from 0TP, while mean yields from C, 2TP and 4TP were 8692kg/ha, 8292kg/ha and 4250kg/ha respectively. There was no significant difference between the plant growth parameters and yield at 5 % level. However, for stem girth, there was significant difference at the 5% level between 0TP and 2TP, 0TP and 4TP, and C and 4TP. Also, OTP and 4TP, and C and 4TP of the yield were significantly different at 5%. The results, however, suggest that the level of compaction arising from the number of tractor passes contributes significantly to the performance of cassava planted on sandy loam soil amended with SMS.