European Researcher. Series A

114-121

Authors: Rizal Azhar, Lalu Mulyadi, Edi Hargono Dwi Putranto

General description of this Street Improvement Project at Sepaku-Petung Street East Borneo is located approximately 130 kilometers from Balikpapan. The road terrain is relatively poor to reach the location. The work activity is to repair the existing road that is no longer appropriate by replacing it with Rigid Pavement with the thickness of Land Concrete; it is 10 cm Rigid Pavement 28 cm. Concrete and aggregate materials are provided from Sulawesi Island because it has not found suitable stones to support casting activities at Borneo Island. Iron material is provided from Samarinda City which is located approximately 100 km from the location. The aim of this research is to know contractor’s internal factors affecting the performance of street improvement project at Sepaku-Petung Street East Borneo Province. Qualitative approach is applied in this research. This research uses questionnaires that will be distributed to each respondent so that the results will be obtained in the form of responses to the issues raised in the research. The results of this research are the factors affecting the performance of street improvement project at Sepaku-Petung Street; it is included into the category of high risk and medium risk; it is proven from the value of Communalities whose value ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 and > 0.7. There is one factor of risks that is included into the low category because the value of Communalities is < 0.4. The factors are the lack of time-appreciating culture (97.2 %), the poor estimation of direct construction cost (96.6 %), and the unclear payment system of the suppliers and sub-contractor (93.5 %).

154-175

Authors: Valeriy I. Glazko

Alexander Vasilievich Chayanov is the outstanding Russian scientist – agricultural economist. He was the graduate student and later professor of Moscow agricultural Institute. His name, among the civilized scientific community of the world, has become a legend known throughout the world, particularly to specialists in agriculture. He was the author of numerous works on the theory of the collective labor, cooperation, the brilliant teacher and educator of youth, the author of popular science work, archaeologist, art historian – in a word in this man as we speak today were combined very much the scientific and cultural components. Tracking the fate of graduates of the Moscow agrarian institute it can be concluded that indeed a brilliant scientist can be if they getting a proper a good education. In any time a tragic figure A.V. Chayanov did not disappear from view of scientists, researchers. Experts to develop his concept, historians of science talk about his life and tragic death. A.V. Chayanov – the classic agrarian-economic scientist, his theory of the peasant economy and peculiarities of economic behavior of farms at now exist in every textbook on agrarian economy of many universities in the world. His General textbooks on Economics included the special part highly important for the whole world, which explains the motivation of enterprises in which the owner is at the same time also an employee, including Russian Economy. It was in contradiction to collective behavior and attitude of the community, which was inoculated and dominated in the USSR in relation of politic of Stalin and his followers. All these reasons became part of the personal biography of many of us, but haven’t affected, despite the hard circumstances, the attitudes of A.V. Chayanov and many others. Currently, the work of Chayanov was of paramount importance for modern Russia. The role of science in society is growing rapidly and in the new Russian society, but yet the realization that the pace of science development is the indicator of mental and physical health of the nation and the state is absent.

183-200

Authors: Irina V. Chelysheva, Galina V. Mikhaleva

The article presents the results of the hermeneutic analysis of Soviet films of the “thaw” period (1954-1968) about university students. It compares the media texts to the cultural and historic tradition and reality of the “thaw” epoch. The research objective was to analyze and characterize the cultural and historical contexts, define the role and value of the university topic in the mirror of the Soviet cinema in terms of social studies, culture studies, film studies, anthropology, gender studies and media education. The author of the article concludes that the Soviet cinematography of the “thaw” epoch based on the communist ideology: 1) placed special emphasis on moral education and overall youth culture promotion; 2) propagandized a humanist ideal of the film character – a romantic protagonist whose moral and human properties appeal to the audience; 3) used stereotyped role and gender media text character profiles; 4) broadened the scope of problems, narrative and genre range of media texts about university and students; 5) presented the media image of the Soviet student more realistically in comparison to the cinematography of the Stalinism epoch; 6) presented an idealized media image of the university teacher as a true professional and transmitter of humanistic moral values and code of conduct; 7) created an idealized media image of the Soviet university in conformity with the government social policy of disseminating the idea of higher education among young people; 8) sometimes allowed the production of politically and ideologically neutral media texts; 9) altered the concept “struggle” in media texts about youth and created for youth: the focus shifted from the ideological or/and political struggle onto the moral and/or social struggle.

212-223

Authors: Yulius Teguh Prihanto, Subandiyah Azis, Tiong Iskandar

The aims of the research are 1) to analyze the cost of work for Building A of Christian Center Samarinda project based on historical data by using simulation technique (Monte Carlo method), 2) to analyze the duration of Building A Christian Center Samarinda project based on historical data by using simulation technique (linear programming and simulation method). This research uses descriptive method. Descriptive method can be interpreted as a problem-solving procedure investigated by describing the state of the subject or object in the research, it can be people, institutions, communities and others at current time which are based on facts as the way they are. The results of this research are 1) the final cost of the construction project of Building A Christian Center Samarinda based on historical data by using simulation technique (Monte Carlo method) is IDR 23.257.368.872,85 with the addition of operating cost of IDR 129.408.041,65 from the Budget Plan for the implementation of IDR 22.726.159136,00, 2) the implementation time of construction project of Building A Christian Center Samarinda based on historical data by using simulation technique (linear programming and simulation method) is 115 days, or there is an accelerated of the duration as long as 35 days from the implementation time of 150-days calendar. Therefore, it obtains deviation value of IDR 11.480.048,43 per day.

236-244

Authors: Royan Hargi Saputra, Kustamar, Bambang Wedyantadji

This research aims to: 1) analyze the factors affecting the risk of failure in achieving the project targets on time and in appropriate quality on the construction activity of Samarinda Baru Airport, 2) analyze the most dominant factors affecting the risk of failure in achieving project targets on time and in appropriate quality on the new construction activity of Samarinda Airport, 3) determine the strategies used to minimize the risk of failure achieving the project targets. Reviewing the research method, this research is a descriptive research in which it is obtaining any factors affecting the risk of failure in achieving the project targets on time and in appropriate quality on the construction activity of Samarinda Baru Airport in Samarinda city and its most dominant factors. The results of the research are: 1) factors that affect the time target (Y1) are the budget (X1), material (X3), design changes (X6) and the working environment (X7), 2) factors affecting the quality targets (Y2) are budget (X1), material (X3), design changes (X6) working environment (X7) and time target (Y1). 3) the most dominant factor affecting the failure of time target (Y1) is the working environment factor (X7) with the value of standarized coefficient of 0.216, 4) the most dominant factor affecting failure of quality target (Y2) is the working environment factor (X7) with the value of standarized coefficient of 0.292.

256-280

Authors: Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaya, Ekaterina A. Teryukova

The paper examines explanatory notes written by the Chinese mentors (xiansheng 先生) for the popular prints nianhua年畫collected by the Russian sinologist Vasily Alexeev (1881–1951) during his studies in China in 1906–1909. The studied portion of the noted is stored in the archives of the State Museum of History of Religion (Saint-Petersburg). These commentators possess higher or lower level of learning in Confucian classics and traditional literature; some of them are industry insiders with good knowledge of pictures’ meanings. The paper views their notes as a representation of ‘the greater culture’ evaluation or commenting on ‘the minor culture’ of the popular prints. Closer reading of the mentors’ notes reveals their intention to show off rudimentary knowledge of the classics, which is not always relevant to the content or questions raised by V. Alekseev.

48-57

Authors: Zaynab K. Abidova

This article is devoted to studying of natural places of a pilgrimage connected with the water cult elements of Khwarezm. The remnants of ancient religions are studied and analyzed, rites that are connected with water traced in the Khorezm oasis. Special attention is paid to the history of studying of genesis and evolution of a cult of water of the Khorezm hagiology and their roles in life of inhabitants of the Khorezm oasis which are an important step on the way of revival of spiritual and cultural life of the Uzbek people. The scientific works and the works of authors among which the main place is taken by domestic and foreign ethnographers are analyzed in a chronological order, at the same time the author's researches are used on the field.

63-69

Authors: Elvin Aghayev

The article considers the problem of quasi-terrorist organization the “Islamic State”. Expansion of this terrorist organization can significantly destabilize the situation in the countries of the Middle East. This includes, above all, Iraq and Syria, where fierce battles against the terrorist organization continue, threatening not only the countries of the Middle East but also the countries of the whole world. In this article, we will study the Islamic State’s ideological roots, underlying causes behind the appearance of this movement as well as focus attention on the main political aim of this grouping.

78-87

Authors: Abdulkadir Mohamud Dahie, Raqia Ahmed Mohamed

Organizational performance is getting more and more important, especially in a market with greater competition and dynamic. Organizational performance is measured through different indicators. It guarantees the continuity of the organization to be competitive in a global marketplace. Normally, the implementation of performance indicators achieved through human resources. Human resources are the key for keeping the organization in the market. These human resources need to be managed effectively to achieve the required performance of the organization. It is necessary to manage strategically the human resources and to adapt at its strategy with organizational strategy. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of recruitment and selection on organizational performance, to examine the role of compensation and reward on organizational performance as well as the effect of performance appraisal management on organizational performance at Hormuud Telecom in Mogadishu-Somalia. The researcher utilized convenient sampling to collect 100 questionnaires from Hormuud Telecom in Mogadishu, Somalia. These respondents were provided a questionnaire with four main construct which measuring recruitment and selection, compensation and reward, performance appraisal management and organizational performance. However, using correlation coefficient, the study found that organizational performance (Dependent variable) had significant positive influence with three dimensions of independent variable. The result of regression analysis found that three constructs had statistically significant, positive, and straight effects with organizational performance.

93-97

Authors: Lala Mammadova

The experience of perception plays particularly important role in the process of pictorial activity. Perception is the process reflecting objects and phenomena of reality in all the diversity of their properties and aspects affecting directly the sense organs. In the context of the specificity of pictorial activity, the process of cognition of the spatial properties of the objects of reality is carried out, first of all, through visual and tactile perceptions. Thus, the success of cognition of reality in the process of pictorial activity is determined by the artist's conscious activity aimed at revealing the surrounding world and reflecting it in artistic works, which, in turn, requires the knowledge of the general regularities of the perception process and their use in pictorial creativity.

9-17

Authors: MarijaBoranijašević, Vladimir Boranijašević

The authors in the paper analyze the phenomenon of excessive presence of the mass communication media, television in the first place, and the modern computer technology in the lives of young people, as well as the issue whether this fact influences the reduction of interpersonal communication of the young. The goal of the research was to determine to which extent the newest technological achievements are present in the lives of the young in Serbia and how often they use them as media in the process of communication with their peers, and whether this kind of mediated communication consequently leads to the reduction of interpersonal communication face-to-face, which as an ultimate result can have alienation of an individual in the modern world as a widely spread phenomenon of the present.

28-37

Authors: Sergey N. Koskov, Valeria A. Rodina,Tamara V. Seregina

The article is devoted to interpretation of the tenets of the Christian worldview as the basis for the identity formation of European culture. The content of this category of philosophy as a world Outlook program, which represents an organic unity of theoretical philosophy and social technologies of its implementation. Christian socio-ideological values and meanings represented historically and logically as the Foundation of European culture. These meanings constituted the matrix of European culture as a civilization of a special kind, becoming the basis of zhizneobitanija European man not only in the Middle ages, but in the next century, the history of Europe up to the present time.

485-493

Authors: Natalia V. Kuznetsova, Ekaterina V. Kocheva, Nikolay A. Matev, Natalia A. Vorobeva

The article examines the problems of current economic development in the Asia-Pacific region. It is a condition of the system in which its key parameters are the optimal ratio contributing to the existence and development of the whole system. It was analyzed the changing situation in the Asia-Pacific region based on the main characteristics of the researching complex according to the authors' calculated index. It was identified that in the analyzing period the quantitative and qualitative structure of the group of countries has completely changed. It was also provided the classification of the Asia-Pacific countries based on the current level of their economic development. Thus, because of the differences in the economic dynamics it was identified the main differences in the levels of economic development among the groups of the Asia-Pacific countries. This analysis was conducted for identification of the competitive advantages of the information society in the Asia-Pacific region, as the development of a new society based on "knowledge economy" which will be a priority for a long-term perspective.

500-507

Authors: Gloria Baaba Aggrey, Nkansah Anakwah, Jacob OwusuSarfo

This study sought to investigate the influence of feelings of unattractiveness on hopelessness among adolescents. Using the cross-sectional survey design, total of 150 participants from two categories of senior high schools were sampled for the study. To achieve the aim for this study, the interaction effect of the following on hopelessness was investigated: gender and perceived attractiveness, school and perceived attractiveness and, religiosity and perceived attractiveness. Results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between perceived physical attractiveness and hopefulness. Implications of findings are discussed.

456-461

Authors: Marianna M. Shakhnovich

The article shows, that in 1920- 1930s simultaneously with the anti-religious propaganda, the history of world religions and religious movements, anthropological and sociological studies of religion, the history of religious freethinking and atheism were carried out. The systematic work on the study of the religious beliefs and practices in everyday life has been designed and created on the basis of large scale field research in accordance with the achievements of modern theoretical works. There were two groups inside the academic community with opposite views on the nature and sense of religious studies: one group, explored the opportunity to make the research without clerical censorship, wanted to study religion as a cultural phenomenon, using different methodological approaches including Marxism, and understood the expression “critique of religion” in the philosophical sense as a historical and sociological analysis. The majority of them did not deny the Marxist idea of the gradual disappearance of religion in secularized world. Another group ‒ of left political radicals ‒ sought only to expose religion, looking for evidence of possible exposure. Among the works on the history of religion, published in the Soviet period, it is necessary to distinguish between the works done with the exclusive purpose for propaganda, from the works in which the free investigation and academic research might be found inside the ideologically and politically correct chains of that time.

468-477

Authors: Milena I. Tsvetkova

This research defends the thesis that digital books reduce the characteristics of the communication medium “book” and are transforming into “non-books”. Two aspects are traced: the foredoom to failure of the commercial (paid) digital book and the end of the digital book in the “book” category. Symptoms for the failure of the commercial digital book are the drop of growth in the market of e-books, the transformation of the book from goods into service, being free of charge, parental and teacher’s resistance. Key factors in this resistance are compromising knowledge and teaching and violating readers’ rights. The reason for the failure of the digital book in the “book”category is determined – the factor of manipulating the content as well as the formats. The conclusion is that investment policies should be directed at publishing of printed books, the designed innovations should be orientated towards the physical issue and to be introduces in the paper and the printing.