European Reviews of Chemical Research

72-86

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Georgi Gluhchev, Stoil Karadzhov, Georgi Miloshev, Nikolay Ivanov

This paper deals with the evaluation of the basis of the mathematical model of interaction of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte), obtained in the diaphragm electrolysis cell, with water and sodium chloride and the basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water as well. In order to provide additional data about the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds in the electrochemically activated water solutions of the catholyte and the anolyte, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and the catholyte were measured as a result of which were established the basis for evaluation of the mathematical model explaining the behavior of the anolyte and the catholyte regarding the distribution of H2O molecules to the energies of hydrogen bonds. The local maximum for catholyte in the NES-spectrum was at -0,1285 eV, for anolyte – at -0,1227 eV and for the control sample of deionized water – at -0,1245 eV. The calculations of ∆EH...O for catholyte with using the DNES method compiles (-0,004±0,0011 eV) and for anolyte (+1,8±0,0011 eV). The average energy of hydrogen bonds between Н2О molecules was measured by the DNES method to be compiled at -0,1067±0,0011 eV

104-111

Authors: B.N. Nagalaxmi, C. Viswanatha, K. Ramakrishna Reddy, K.B. Chandrasekhar, N. Donappa

Diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Cadmium (II) with spectrophotometer. The novel chromogenic organic reagent - diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) gave yellow colored water soluble complex with Cd (II) in buffer (pH = 8.0-9.0) medium. The color complex shows maximum absorbance at λ = 378 nm. The system obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The optimum Cadmium (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.94.104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0036 g/cm2 respectively. Cadmium (II) forms M:L (I:I) color complex with DMAHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 8.58.107. Soil samples were analyzed for the determination of Cadmium (II) present, using the proposed method. This developed method was applied for the determination of Cadmium (II) in soil and cigarette samples and good analytical results.

121-125

Authors: Mostafa Mohammadi Shalmani, Farshad Farahbod

The sulfur removal from drilling fluid for prevention from corrosion was studied, specially. ZnO nanoparticles are proposed as the coagulant. Turbidity of supernatant, the pH stability, settling time, the effect of auxiliary coagulants such as FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 and Al2(SO4)3 on the treatment process are reported in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential is utilized to investigate the pH values related to the stable suspension. The optimum value of initial pH=8, final pH=9, amount of turbidity= 6.5 NTU is obtained after 15 days of the settling time, if the 15 g/l ZnO is used with 450 cc NaOH and Na2CO3 are used in coagulation process. Lowest zeta potential is 2 with using 15 g/l ZnO at the initial pH=9.5. The sulphur removal percentage is about 97% in this condition.

4-24

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Hugo Niggli, Christos Drossinakis, Georg Tyminski

This paper presents the results of evaluation of possible biophysical methods and approaches for registering of various non-ionizing radiation (NIR) wave types of the human body in the optic and electromagnetic range. Various types of NIR (electromagnetic waves, infrared radiation, thermo radiation, bioluminiscence) emitted from the human body were reviewed. In particular the results on of spontaneous biophoton emission and delayed luminescence from the human body are submitted along with infrared thermography (IRT) results. It was shown that 1 cm2 of skin generally emits 85 photons for 1 s. The intensity of biophoton emission ranges from 10−19 to 10−16 W/cm2 (approx. 1–1000 photons.cm-2.s-1). The specific photon emission from part of the human thumb was detected as a spectrum of various colours with the method of Colour coronal spectral analysis on a device with an electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET hostaphan) with applied electric voltage 15 kV, electric impulse duration 10 s, and electric current frequency 15 kHz. It was established that photons corresponding to a red color emission of visible electromagnetic spectrum have energy at 1,82 еV. The orange color of visible electromagnetic spectrum has energy at 2,05 eV, yellow – 2,14 eV, blue-green (cyan) – 2,43 eV, blue – 2,64 eV, and violet – 3,03 eV. The reliable result measurement norm was at E ≥ 2,53 eV, while the spectral range of the emission was within  = 380–495±5 nm and  = 570–750±5 nm. Also were estimated some important physical characteristics (energy of hydrogen bonds, wetting angle, surface tension) of water by the methods of non-equilibrium energy (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy (DNES) spectrum of water, that helps understand in general how electromagnetic radiation interacts with water and establish the structural characteristics of water.

43-50

Authors: N. Radhakrishna, C. Viswanatha, K. Ramakrishna Reddy, N. Devanna

4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Lead (II) using spectrophotometry. The novel chromogenic organic reagent 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) gave yellow coloured water soluble complex with Pb (II) in basic buffer (pH = 10.0) medium. The colour complex shows maximum absorbance at 386 nm. The system obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.518–5.18g/ml. The optimum Lead (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 1.036–4.662 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.66104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0077 g/cm2 respectively. The Lead (II) forms I:I colour complex with HDMBHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 3.42106. The present developed method was successfully applied for the determination of Lead (II) in biological samples.

56-68

Authors: Nina V. Zarubina, Ivan V. Zarubin, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Vyacheslav F. Markov

The area of co-precipitation of lead and cadmium selenide in the reaction system “Pb(CH3COO)2 − CdCl2 − Na3C6H5O7 − NH4OH − CSeN2H4” was calculated taking into account the critical nucleus. Thin films of supersaturated solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe having the cubic structure B1 (NaCl) have been produced by hydrochemical co-deposition of lead and cadmium selenide. The patterns of formation of solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe and the kinetics of their growth depending on the composition of the reaction mixture have been determined. The structure, composition and morphology of PbSe-CdSe thin films were investigated by methods of X-ray energy dispersive analysis and electron microscopic studies.

76-85

Authors: Ekaterina A. Fedorova, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Vyacheslav F. Markov

The boundary formation conditions of solid phase of copper(I) selenide and copper(I) hydroxide determined by means of the thermodynamic analysis for systems “copper(II) chloride − hydroxylamine hydrochloride – sodium selenosulphate” considering the formation of crystal nucleus with critical radii. It is shown that obtaining nanocrystalline films of copper(I) selenide nonstoichiometric composition Cu2–xSe is possible by chemical deposition. The thickness of the thin film layers determined by the method interferometry, amounted to 100–400 nm. The composition and morphology of the deposited semiconductor material investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Revealed that freshly layers consist of polyhedral shape crystallites, and composition corresponds to the formula Cu1,5Se.

92-108

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov, Dmitry Skladnev, Vitaly Shvets

It was carried out the method for microbiological preparation and isolation of trans membrane photo-transforming protein bacteriorhodopsin (output 810 mg), labeled with deuterium on residues of [2,3,4,5,6-2H5]phenylalanine, [3,5-2H2]tyrosine, and [2,4,5,6,7-2H5]tryptophan. The protein was allocated from membranes of photoorganotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium ET 1001 by cellular lysis by distilled water, processing of bacterial biomass by ultrasound, alcohol extraction of low and high-weight molecular impurities, cellular RNA, carotenoids and lipids, with the subsequent solubilization of final product with 0,5% SDS-Na and fractionation by methanol. The homogenity of the synthesized product, and the selectivity of deuterium encorporation into the molecule was proved by combination of preparative and analytical protein methods including elecrtophoresis in 12,5% PAAG with 0,1% SDS-Na, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200, reverse-phase HCLP, electron impact mass-spectrometry of methyl esters of N-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl) derivatives of amino acids.

4-9

Authors: Marat I. Abdullin, Azamat A. Basyrov, Sergey N. Nikolaev, Yuliya A. Koksharova, Nikolay V. Koltaev

The article shows the possibility of printing materials using the 0809M ABS plastic. There have been determined the optimum temperature and feed rate of ABS filaments for obtaining prototypes of the highest quality. We have studied the physico-mechanical characteristics of the prototype, depending on the method of application of the polymeric material.

22-26

Authors: Lili Janiashvili, Giuli Andronikashvili, Archil Varadashvili, Mzia Gagolishvili

With a view to synthesizing heat-resistant polymers, we performed the heterofunctional condensation (HFC) of α,ω-bis (aminodimethylsilil) tetramethyl- cyclodisilazanes with terephthaloyl chloride. The synthesized polymers are elastic products in light color. Their elasticity increases with an increase in cyclodisilazane fragments in the polymer chain. At temperatures of 360 to 3800C, there starts slow polymer degradation, while fast degradation occurs at a temperature of 400 to 4500C. We also performed the HFC of α,ω-bis (aminodimethylsilil) tetramethyl- cyclodisilazanes with α,ω-bis ( -carboxyethyl) dimethylhexanes. The synthesized products are caoutchouc-like products, as they contain pliant siloxane and cyclodisiloxane fragments. They have quite high thermal stability. The stability is impacted on by an increase in the dimethylsiloxane block in the copolymer chain. Polymers are resistant at temperatures of 510 to 5500C. At these temperatures, there starts their slow degradation. The thermal stability of polymers is not impacted on by an increase in the share of silazane cycles in the chain.

36-59

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov, Dmitry Skladnev, Vitaly Shvets

By the method of microbiological synthesis were obtained and analyzed by electron impact mass-spectrometry the evaluation of 2H and 13C enrichment levels of secreted amino acids of methylotrophic bacteria Brevibacterium methylicum and Methylobacillus flagellatum, and amino acid resigues of total protein obtained from media contaning as a sourse of stable isotopes [2H]methanol, [13C]methanol and 2H2O. It was also performed the incorporation of L-[2,3,4,5,6-2Н]phenylalanine, L-[3,5-2Н]tyrosine and L-[2,4,5,6,7-2Н]tryptopan in bacteriorhodopsin synthesised in purple membranes of photo-organotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium ET 1001. For mass-spectrometric analysis the multicomponential mixures of 2H- and 13C-labeled amino acids, derived from cultural media and protein hydrolysates after hydrolysis in 6 M 2HСl (3 % phenol) and 2 M Ва(OH)2 were modified into N-benzyloxycarbonyl-derivatives of amino acids as well in methyl esters of N-dansyl-derivatives of amino acids, which were preparative separated using a method of reverse-phase HCLP. 2H- and 13C-labeled amino acids represented the mixures differing in quantities of isotopes incorporated into molecule. The levels of 2H and 13С enrichment of secreted amino acids and amino acid resigues of protein were found to vary from 20,0 atom% to L-leucine/isoleucine up to 97,5 atom% for L-alanine depending on concentration of 2H- and 13C-labelled substrates.