Theoretical & Applied Science

6-10

Authors: Alexander Vasilievich Kozhemyachenko ; D.N. Lyubimov ; I.F. Pustovoy

The work is devoted to the study of the issue of the influence of viscous lubricants on sediment deposition of mechanical impurities and geomodifiers introduced into the lubricant as functional additives, it is shown that a viscous medium weakens the process of sediment formation, but at the same time affects the mechanical activation of the friction surface and the formation of protective antifriction layers.

15-18

Authors: Shukhrat Narzullaevich Ubaydullaev ; Komila Toxirdjonovna Turaeva

The article highlights the problem of increasing the level of foreign language communicative competence of students through the use of interactive methods and forms of work in foreign language lessons. The concept of “foreign language communicative competence” and its components (linguistic, speech and sociolinguistic) are considered, a brief analysis of the “Deutsch” teaching material is given for the presence of an interactive form of work in it, the process of using some interactive forms and methods in foreign language lessons is described.

24-54

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Artur Aleksandrovich Blagorodov ; Danil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors recommend that the market revise the concept of forming it with in-demand and import-substituting goods, taking into account their attractiveness. Such a concept will fully correspond to the consumer's desire to satisfy his desire and desire to make a purchase, taking into account his social status, providing manufacturers with the sale of their products in full and guaranteeing enterprises sustainable TPE of their activities.

59-67

Authors: Shohsanam Mahmudjon qizi Khudayberdiyeva ; Nozima Shodiqulovna Raxmatullayeva ; Aziz Berdiyarovich Gadayev

The article presents the equations of torsional vibrations of a three-layer conical shell. For this, a surface is selected at a certain distance from the middle layer of the conical shell. Shear heads on this surface are selected as searchable objects. Then, the equations of torsional vibrations of a three-layer conical shell with respect to these sought-for functions were formed.

72-82

Authors: Jumiati Sasmita

This study is entitled Culinary Business Strategies during the Covid-19 in the Siak Sri Indrapura Culinary Tourism Area. This study aims to determine a strategy that can be applied by the culinary business to be able to adapt to the crisis during the Covid-19 period. A descriptive method using a qualitative approach was employed in this study with the help of the EFE Matrix (External Factor Evaluation) and IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation). The EFE Matrix helped the decision-making to summarize and evaluate external environmental information. Meanwhile, the Internal-External (IE) Matrix was used to map the total score of the IFE and EFE matrices. SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) had also a role major in developing profitable business strategies. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the adaptation strategy that can be carried out during a pandemic is a strategy of product and service diversification, by implementing health protocols as strictly as possible to prevent a prolonged pandemic, cleaning turap culinary locations with disinfectants to win consumer trust, providing take away and delivery order services, carrying out online sales, processing and packaging product hygienically according to customer desires, innovating food menu that can increase body immunity, trying to maintain regular customers, and establishing good relationships with new customers to win the competition with other culinary businesses.

88-91

Authors: Yelena Akhunova

The article discusses the basic requirements for the use of modern information and communication technologies by teachers of higher educational institutions and the level of their information competence in modern conditions.

111-115

Authors: Mirzaali Rabbimovich Rakhimov

The article is devoted to the structural and semantic characteristics of the application in the modern German language. The application, as a consistent substantive attribute, can be used in a non-isolated (connected apposition) and isolated form (free apposition). The members of the apposition are linked by an attributive-predicative relationship. The structure of an application is determined by the semantics inherent in it.

122-125

Authors: Mekhriniso Sobir qizi Rasulova ; Khumora Fakhriddin qizi Rakhimova ; Nargiza Gennadevna Wahedi ; Shokhrukhbek Hasan o’g’li Rasulov

This article discusses the difficulties and benefits of using CLT (Communicative Language Teaching) to increase teachers’ language proficiency. Before drawing a conclusion, we referred to other scholars’ works on this issue and provided them in this work. After the research, we came to conclusion that CLT is still new in the context of Uzbekistan and we suggested stages as a general roadmap for EFL teachers.

130-134

Authors: K.U. Rozumbetov ; A.T. Matchanov ; S.P. Esemuratova ; S.N. Nisanova

Data on the peculiarities of the physical development of girls living in ecologically unfavorable conditions of the Aral Sea region are presented. Some features of deviations in the physical development of girls, including weight deficit (19,69%), dolichomorphy of the chest (58,27%) and asthenization of the somatotype (37%), were revealed.

139-143

Authors: Yo. Ilkhamova

The information flow that has been increasing in the last decade inevitably leads to the accumulation of a huge amount of information, and now the scientific community is faced with the task of analyzing the so-called “big data”. It is impossible to analyze such arrays of information without software. Statistical software packages (SPP) are called upon to reveal explicit and hidden patterns. The need for statistical data analysis tools in statistical agencies for statistical data processing is great, which led to the development of the computer software market for statistical data processing. The article discusses the statistical packages used in statistical research.

147-149

Authors: S. Kh. Esbergenova

This scientific article highlights the problem of studying ancient relics, beliefs, rituals and cults of the Karakalpaks associated with the cult role of the dove, preserved in mythology and folklore, which existed until recently among the people. The form of dove worship is analyzed; the historical and cultural relations of the Karakalpaks with other peoples are investigated to establish common patterns in the history of religious beliefs associated with the cult of the dove among the Karakalpaks.

154-159

Authors: S. Kh. Esbergenova

This scientific article highlights the problem of studying the ancient relics, beliefs, rituals and cults of the Karakalpaks associated with the cult role of the horse, preserved in the mythologies, beliefs, rituals and folklore of the Karakalpak people.

163-186

Authors: Artur Aleksandrovich Blagorodov ; Angelina Vladimirovna Kopylova ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors tried to show a way out of the current crisis situation in light industry due to a competent assortment and assortment policy within the framework of the advanced development territory with icing up the efforts of all branches of government, namely municipal, regional and federal, as well as in alliance with manufacturers with the support of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, they will offer consumers of their regions not only demanded and competitive products, but what is especially important - economically justified and guaranteeing enterprises to obtain sustainable TPEs, providing manufacturers with bankruptcy prevention and guaranteeing them stability within the framework of standardization as a tool for managing the production of quality products, and the population of these regions - employment and satisfaction their social problems.

201-230

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Arthur Alexandrovich Blagorodov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors consider the assortment concept, which is expressed in the form of a system of indicators characterizing the possibilities of innovative technological processes for the production of demanded products in the regions of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. The authors believe that the production of demanded products can be expedient and promising for manufacturers in order to have a stable financial position, and its steady demand will provide them with profitability and profit, which guarantees for them to obtain stable technical and economic indicators.

257-259

Authors: Shamsi Esanboev ; Joshqin Esanboev

According to the article, 10 species of pests were observed in orchards in Tashkent region. Among the pests encountered, it was noted that the main pest of orchards is the dominant pest compared to other pests with the damage caused by oriental fruit. To protect peaches from oriental fruiter at least 3 times during the season: after gross flowering and at intervals of 18-22 days Alfamilin, 17% s.c. - 0.15 l / ha, Bagira, 20% s.e.k. - 0.2 l / ha, Tadj, 10% e.k. - Studies have shown that it is highly effective in chemical treatments at the rate of 0.15 l / ha and effectively protects orchards from the main pest of oriental fruit.

287-291

Authors: A.S. Boymirzaev ; B.S. Sotiboldiev ; S.T. Sobirjonova

The article deals with the determination of the thickness of the electric double layer in the pores of macroporous glasses, which are used as a sorbent in size exclusion chromatography of polymers. Inorganic sorbents such as silica gels and macroporous glasses are widely used for the analysis of macromolecules in size exclusion chromatography due to the rigidity of their matrix and large pore volume. The thickness of the electrical layer or the Debye screening radius on the surface of silica sorbents and in the chains of macroions can be determined using the theories of Debye-Huckel, Flory-Fox, and Mark-Kuhn-Hauwink, as well as the principle of universal calibration in size exclusion chromatography at different ionic strengths in water salt solvent.

306-330

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Arthur A. Blagorodov ; Victoria Sergeevna Belysheva ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

Abstract in the article, the authors investigate the features of the quality of demanded products as a set of its properties that determine the suitability of these products to meet certain needs in accordance with their preferences. In our case, an object means not only a product or product, but also an activity, process, organization, system, that is, needs and quality are unlimited. Thus, high quality is a high degree of satisfaction of the requirements of all interested parties.

347-349

Authors: Sayyora Zaitovna Raimova

This article focuses on some of the artistic arts in the poetic story "Ishq" (" Love") of Asqar Makhkam. This story focuses on the aspects of the influence of artistic arts such as talmeh, artistic repetition, tanosub on figurative expression. Through these poetic means, the artistic skill of the poet in the use of words is recognized.

353-355

Authors: Numonjon Turaev

There are three well-known works of Imam Bukhari (810-870) which dedicated to the science of narrators of hadith that called “al-tarikh”. They are “big” – “al-Tarikh al-kabir”, “medium” – ‘al-Tarikh al-awsat” and “small” – “al-Tarikh al-saghir”. The first two of them have survived to the present day.

363-368

Authors: Doniyor Muratov ; Qobil Yusupiv

This article deals with some of the leading hadith scholars of the Hanafi school, who grew up in the territory of modern Uzbekistan and lived after such scholars as Imam Darimi, Imam Abd ibn Humaid, Imam Bukhari, and Imam Termiziy. For example, according to data found in the sources, there were more than 3,000 prominent hadith scholars in Transoxiana.

373-375

Authors: Zoirjon Zokiraliyevich Davlatov ; Husniddin Ibrohim o‘g‘li Inomiddinov

The Turkish translation of the novel “Days Gone By“ is compared with the original and the translations are commented. Errors and omissions noted in the translation text are explained and solutions to translation problems are given.

380-383

Authors: Dilarom Akhmatkhanovna Babaxanova

The proposition differs from the sentence, first, in terms of its content. Because if a sentence is recognized as a whole consisting of a relationship of form and content, the propositive structure is considered to belong only to one side of its semantic structure. At the same time, proposition differs from speech in that it expresses the relation of a certain event to objects that are logically equal to each other.

388-390

Authors: Dilfuza Erkinovna Tajibaeva

The article deals with the use of artistic repetitions in the works of talented representatives of modern Uzbek poetry Khurshid Davron, Shavkat Rahmon and Usman Azim as well as the uniqueness of the individual style of the poet.

404-406

Authors: Rayhonoy Goibbayeva ; Sanobar Abdurahmanova ; Havaskhon Solikhojayeva

The article reveals the ancient kings of Iran, their history, personalities and peculiarities in Alisher Navoi's "Historical Property of Ajam". There is information about the historical and cultural significance of Navruz in connection with King Jamshid.

410-413

Authors: Yelena Akhunova

The article discusses several examples of modern tasks used in the current academic year in the organization of self-study in the discipline «Finance» and showed a positive result.

418-420

Authors: Zokir Taxirovich Arifdjanov

In the article the insufficiently studied options in linguistics. The article studied compound verbs that make up most of the variants simple verbs and their place in language varieties. Defined lexical-semantic variants of the verb xastan and distributed in meaningful groups. Selected value – to ask, to ask, to demand and determine their options (functional equivalents). Certain variants analyzed.

466-471

Authors: Kudrat Kadambayevich Pirniyazov ; Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova

This article investigates oligochitosan and low-molecular-weight chitosan, mainly chitosan derivatives that contains bactericidal, growth-stimulating and antifungal properties and are non-toxic to the environment. As these points were considered under world interest, samples of low molecular weight chitosan were obtained by acid hydrolysis of high molecular weight chitosan isolated from Bombyx mori. Research pinpoints and makes scrutinize analyzes on the kinetic regularities of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It also mentions the rate constant for the formation of low molecular weight (oligo) chitosan Bombyx mori, which is K = 4.6 ? 10-6 g mol / min, was determined depending on the degree of depolymerization of the process on time and from the slope. In conclusion, Structural and physicochemical properties were studied using AFM and IR spectroscopy.

476-481

Authors: Nurillo Raximovich Kulmuratov ; Shavkat Narpulatovich Almurodov ; Jasur Shoqulovich Namozov

The destabilizing effect of vibration increases significantly during resonant oscillations of elements of machine-building structures. The amplitudes of movement, speed and acceleration at the same time significantly increase and can exceed the amplitudes of disturbing oscillations by tens of times. This article contains numerical methods for calculating rod and tubular structures of mechanical engineering (in particular REA).

486-489

Authors: Zaynura Zaynidinovna Kadirova

The article defines the terms of paraphrase and periphrase, which for many years have been studied in linguistics as one and the same phenomenon, and proves that these are two radically different phenomena.

501-533

Authors: Arthur Alexandrovich Blagorodov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors tried to show a way out of the current crisis situation in light industry through a competent assortment and assortment policy within the framework of the advanced development territory with icing up the efforts of all branches of government, namely municipal, regional and federal, as well as in alliance with manufacturers with the support of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, they will offer consumers of their regions not only demanded and competitive products, but what is especially important - economically justified and guaranteeing enterprises to obtain sustainable TPEs, providing manufacturers with bankruptcy prevention and guaranteeing them stability within the framework of standardization as a tool for managing the production of quality products, and the population of these regions - employment and satisfaction their social problems.

538-542

Authors: Hikmatullo Haitboevich Dusmatov

This article focuses on the Uzbek national word games, their types and their specific features. In particular, such types as “phonostilistic game”, “phonographic game”, “lexical-semantic game”, “morphological game”, “syntactic game”, which are manifested in the language levels of word games, are subject to analysis from a linguistic point of view.

549-552

Authors: Dilobarkxon Maxsitovna Kholikova

The article examines the role and place of modern interactive methods in the development of creative thinking of students, increasing requirements for the use of interactive methods, innovative technologies, pedagogical and information technologies in the educational process. The organization of the stages of the didactic process in a certain sequence describes the organization of the educational activities of students using the selected teaching methods in accordance with the tasks set for the topic.

556-563

Authors: I. Widowati ; A. Nurhikmat ; A.S. Harnany ; Z. Amirudin

The traditional culinary heat test of megono lactogenic cans has been carried out. This study aims to determine the optimal temperature, sterilization and storage time. Sterilization was carried out at 100oC and 121oC for 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes and 20 minutes on two samples (A and B). The results showed that both samples had solid properties, but required different sterilization times (Fo) to achieve sufficient heat. Sample A was at 121oC in 16 minutes and reached Fo in 7.48 minutes. In sample B the temperature was 121oC in 18 minutes and reached Fo in 7.94 minutes. These results confirm that the two lactogenic megono products are declared to be commercially safe. Expiration test of sample A with the addition of 1% Sauropus androgynous leaf powder for 12,550 months. While sample B with the addition of 2% Sauropus androgynous leaf powder has an expiration date of 10,374 months.

570-573

Authors: Khabibulla Makhamatjanovich Bakiyev

As Alderson suggests that perfect understanding of reading construct is hard to overview, as our thoughts of the phenomenon might be incorrect or subjective. Striving to put our theories on reading construct into practice we most probably, might create techniques with which we can investigate and develop our knowledge of the field. Yet reading assessment is not very alien for classroom practitioners since testing reading comprehension has always been part of their classroom activities. This work intends to discuss important sides that should be looked into while designing reading tests for learners of Uzbek as second language. Additionally, it proposes a reading comprehension-testing framework for school graduates who have had instruction other than Uzbek.

580-588

Authors: M. Machasin ; Ahmad Rifqi ; Mida Aprilina Tarigan ; Ezky Tiyasiningsih

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the MSMEs development pattern in Pekanbaru and to determine the level of effectiveness of the development pattern from various aspects such as training, capital, mentoring, partnerships, information technology and government policies in encouraging the growth and development of MSMEs in Pekanbaru.The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative using case study sampling method.The results of the study show that the effectiveness of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) development pattern in Pekanbaru is relatively good. This can be seen from the results of the questionnaire that show (1) The effectiveness of training by 31.48% is very effective and 66.67% is quite effective; (2) The effectiveness of Capital by 36.84% is very effective and 52.63% is quite effective; (3) The effectiveness of development assistance by 33.33% is very effective and 66.67% is quite effective; (4) The effectiveness of partnership by 40% is very effective and 55% is quite effective; (5) The effectiveness of information system by 53.33% is very effective and 46.67% is quite effective; (6) And the effectiveness of government policies by 20% is very effective and 65% is quite effective.

601-603

Authors: Doston Matlabboy ug’li Sherov

Person-centered education, by its very nature, involves the full development of all participants in the educational process. This means that when designing education, of course, the approach should be based not on the personality of a particular learner, but primarily on the learning objectives related to future professional activities.

608-611

Authors: Mohlaroyim Sodiqova

This article aims to use innovative methods in educating the younger generation, to educate students in a way that affects their minds as they wish.

616-618

Authors: Maxbuba Shokirova

The sources have enough information about dozens of age-related types of Uzbek folk games, depending on the region. It is known that only some active folk games in physical culture have risen to the level of national sports, and in this paper, we will briefly dwell on the analysis of some concepts, lexical units representing folk games, which form the basis of national sports. The article discusses folk games, their historical roots, the sphere of use of these concepts, as well as equestrian sports, representing the Uzbek national sport, instead of the lexical units associated with the national struggle.

624-628

Authors: Adilet Taalaybekovich Abdramanov

The author examines the features of constitutional transformations in the context of the reforms being carried out in the Kyrgyz Republic. A brief historical analysis of the emergence and development of constitutional foundations is carried out. The author pays special attention to the need to improve the national legislation as a whole. The author's vision of the problems of introducing and deepening democratic principles, as well as the implementation of the principles of international law is substantiated. The existing controversial theoretical problems are described in detail and mechanisms for their resolution in the near future are proposed. Along with this, the author makes proposals for the effective implementation of the constitutional foundations, depending on certain aspects, such as: preconditions for constitutional reform; principles of constitutional reform; main directions of constitutional reform; tasks of constitutional reform.

633-635

Authors: Diloram Yuldasheva

In this article, the philosophy of life, one of the most pressing issues of today, is worth exchanging thousands of scientific works and books on the "Philosophy of Life" for the movement of a single ant, right? Because man has always sought to know who he is, his place in life, his identity. Human dedicated to the problem of different hypotheses, theories, concepts, scientific light.

640-642

Authors: Shakhnoza Ismoilovna Ergashova

The article describes the chemical and biological properties, complex substances of the ferule composition and the area of its distribution. And also special attention is paid to such aspects as the use of ferula in medicine, especially in folk medicine.

647-649

Authors: Mikheil Giorgevich Kechakmadze ; Manuchar Tamazovich Shishinashvili ; Giorgi Anzorevich Chubinidze

The work describes the effect of temperature on asphaltic concrete pavement, how the asphalt concrete properties change at high temperatures and what is an effect of low (negative) temperature on the pavement; specific study result is given as an example and taking all the above mentioned into account the work emphasizes the problem that in some countries the territories still are not divided into climatic zones that is so important for the road industry.

654-657

Authors: Mukhammadkhon Hakimov ; Nodirakhon Yakubova

The following article is devoted to differentiation problems of the phenomena of deixis and anaphora. The article also contains some comments about the shifters listed as traditional types of deixis. Three main views of linguists on the differentiation of deixis and anaphora phenomena are given in the conclusion.

661-663

Authors: Bashorat Mirobijonovna Polvonova

This article provides information about the text and its constituent parts, the differences between the text and other syntactic units, the methods of linking parts of the text and the lexical-syntactic means involved in this connection.

669-672

Authors: K.R. Aliyeva

Article deals with the research of the problem of the allusive background of gender phraseology units in the Azerbaijani language. It becomes known, that gender phraseology units differ in the nature of their allusive background within the following groups: gender phraseology units with Guran allusions, gender phraseology units with an allusive background based on the epic “Book of Dede Korkut”, also gender phraseology units with an allusive background based on individual literary works.

678-682

Authors: Huriyat Muxiddinovna Xudoymurodova

It has been interpered literatural talent of Nodir Normatov in this article. In the article the stories «Tashkoriz», «The Last Will of Ruzi Choriev», «Kuhitang Stories», «Brother Saifi», «Panji».

688-692

Authors: Dinara Rimovna Khairova ; Otabek Bekzhanovich Akhmedov

The article deals with the problem of ensuring the energy balance in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The power system of Uzbekistan is a vertically integrated structure, which is based on power generation sources and distribution networks. An important role is given in the article works f or inclusion in the energy balance of renewable energy in Uzbekistan. The data on the potential of renewable energy in Uzbekistan, development of alternative energy.

705-708

Authors: Diana Nikolaevna Dyunova

The results of the study of the reliability of the technological scheme of the process of classification of the flack in the production of zinc using the reliability flowchart are presented. An analysis of the influence of the failures of each of the elements on the occurrence of failures of the technological scheme as a whole is carried out. Based on the function of the performance of the scheme, an assessment of the true value of the probability of trouble-free operation of the system as a whole is made.

713-717

Authors: Nargiza Xalbayevna Babadjanova

This paper purposes to present the complex of ideas related to the social and communicative interpretation of the interaction of social reality by analyzing ideas of scholars and focus on myth as a universal phenomenon of human existence and culture.

722-725

Authors: Mushtariy Mamurova ; Adolatxon Ruzimatova

Maqsud Qoriyev has a place in Uzbek literature with his novels that embody historical truth and artistic fabric. Proof of this can be seen in his historical novels such as Ibn Sina, Spitamen, and Mahmud Ghaznavi.

729-739

Authors: Jamshid Sharafetdinovich Tukhtabaev ; Makhdomi Homayoun ; Magomed Abduaxat og’li Saidov

This article analyzes the activities of large industrial enterprises that affect the economic security of the regions. The analysis analyzes the production volumes, product composition, product types over the years. The potential of industrial enterprises in ensuring the economic security of the region and the work to be done were also analyzed.

754-756

Authors: Zebo Pulatovna Aminova

In teaching and learning ESP, video data plays crucial role in improving learners’ listening and speaking comprehension because it contains subject matter which is needed to acquire. Furthermore, the idea of developing students’ media literacy through integrating English mass media resources (multimedia form) into the English for Specific purposes classroom. According to visual texts analysis and its interpretation allow students to access, analyze, and evaluate various kinds of mass media – TV news programs, talk shows, movies, and documentaries on profession. This article illustrates some thoughts of scholars and its analysis.

760-763

Authors: Sardor Urozboy uglu Sharifzoda

This article analyzes the theoretical aspects of using an integrative approach in the formation of basic competencies of students.In addition, the personal views of the author are given.

768-771

Authors: J. R. Yarmetov ; N. O. Bekberganova

This article describes the methodological foundations for studying the problems of active joint practical tasks in primary mathematical education.

18-21

Authors: Nilufar Sabitjanovna Ismailova ; Tokhir Abdurashidovich Khasanov

The article analyzes the problem of personnel management in enterprises, its causes and the positive effects of their elimination. It also analyzes the potential of employee motivation to achieve economic efficiency of the enterprise.

29-32

Authors: Lobar Gulomovna Yakubova

In modern society, languages are more needed in order to communicate with learners from other environments through face to face or digitalized platforms such as telegram, what’s up and face-book and even e-mails.

42-44

Authors: Jabbarbergen Xojanov ; Мexriban Jabbarbergenovna Xojanova

When creating a stage work, the director will combine all the components of the theatre and direct them in a direct way. The director achieves this goal by bringing his main ideas and ideas to light, managing a creative ensemble working in the stage form of a play.

51-55

Authors: Janabay Kalybaevich Marziyaev ; Amangeldi Dariyabaevich Matekov

This article examines the work of Muratbay Nizanov, a writer who has made a great contribution to Karakalpak literature today. He also analyzed the thematic direction of the works created by him, his skill in revealing the theme. The article also covers the author's biography.

63-66

Authors: Raykhona Akhmadovna Narzikulova

Learning foreign languages is essential for people of all ages, interests and professions. The world is gradually becoming open and people have the opportunity to establish contacts with representatives of other states remotely, thanks to the development and popularity of the Internet. The need for the study of foreign languages increases in proportion to the growth of cooperation and the development of civilizations. The languages are very different. At the same time, they are similar in the main and have much in common with each other. Each language uses human sounds to express thoughts. Therefore, it became necessary to single out phonetics from many aspects of any language. Teaching phonetics as a productive process requires the student to know the structure of the speech apparatus. Successful mastering of this skill will provide the student with a motivational level and a reliable basis for the formation of other speech activity. In the course of many years of work and research, it was noticed that it is phonetic errors that are a critical obstacle to further successful mastering of a foreign language. In the field of research, special attention is paid to the specifics of learning English. It is in non-linguistic universities that such aspects of mastering phonetics as complexes of phonetic exercises, articulatory gymnastics, rapid assimilation of reading phonetic transcription are touched upon. Important aspects of the phonetics of the English language are diphthongs and the different pronunciation of homographs. Stress can change not only the phonetic transcription of a word, but also its semantic meaning. The subject of phonetics in its narrow sense is the sound substance of broadcasting. Phonetic errors in learning English are manifested when talking to students. Despite their extensive passive vocabulary, erudition and understanding of the rules of elementary grammar, in some cases it is impossible even to understand in what language they are expressed. Therefore, starting with English-speaking kinder

72-78

Authors: Igor Viktorovich Goloperov ; Larisa Vladimirovna Baklanova ; Aleksandr Nikolaevich Baklanov

A solution to the problem of safety of patients with hypertension in conditions of severe viral infection is proposed. A special salt mixture has been developed. The salt mixture consists of the following components, wt. %: sodium chloride in the form of instant table salt - 30-40; magnesium citrate - 10-15; dry roots of common calamus, ground to a dusty state - 20; dry leaves of Echinacea purpurea pounded to a dusty state - 20; dry pounded dill to a dusty state - 10-15.The antihypertensive salt mixture with a reduced sodium chloride content has a salinity identical to ordinary table salt, a pleasant aftertaste and aroma of dill. Does not cake during the year. Contains magnesium citrate and herbal ingredients that improve the condition of the immune and cardiovascular system. It is intended for use instead of ordinary table salt in an amount from 5-6 g per day (norm of the World Health Organization) to 12 g per day (maximum daily norm of table salt) for the prevention of hypertension and viral diseases. It is also recommended for therapeutic nutrition of patients with hypertension instead of ordinary table salt in conditions of severe viral infection.

86-91

Authors: Larisa Vladimirovna Baklanova ; Aleksandr Nikolaevich Baklanov

A solution to the problem of safety of persons prone to hypertension and asthma is proposed. A special salt mixture has been developed. The salt mixture consists of the following components, wt. %: sodium chloride in the form of rapidly dissolving flaked table salt - 30-40; dry prunes, crushed to a pulverized state - 45-50; dry fruits of black elderberry, crushed to a dusty state - 5-10; dry buckthorn bark, crushed to a pulverized state - 10. The proposed salt mixture has a reduced content of sodium chloride. Moreover, its salinity is identical to that of ordinary table salt. Does not cake during the year. Contains special herbal ingredients that normalize blood pressure and have antiasmatic properties. It is intended for use instead of ordinary table salt for the prevention of hypertension and asthma. Recommended for therapeutic nutrition of hypertensive patients with asthmatic symptoms.

105-107

Authors: Gulnoz Mirzakarimovna Dovidova

This article discusses the role of the mass media in the construction of civil society and the creation of their legal framework during the years of independence.

112-115

Authors: Mukhtorali Turdaliyevich Zokirov ; Shirin Shuhratovna Dadabayeva

This article examines the mastery of the use of the word by Abdullah Qadiri. In particular, on the example of small works of the author, taboos and euphemisms are classified both in terms of their formal structure and their use. The euphemisms used in the author's works are diverse not only quantitatively, but also thematically. Among the euphemistic means used in the author's work, there are a euphemistic word (phrase), a euphemistic compound, a euphemistic sentence. Abdullah Qadiri is a great master, in every word, in every sentence that he uses in his author's speech, in the speech of his heroes, their worldview, culture, spiritual mood, dreams, attitude to man, life, natural phenomena are reflected, their emotions are expressed and behavior.

119-122

Authors: Sohibjamol Habibullayeva

The article analyzes issues such as the lexical-semantic nature of the words used in the stories of the famous writer Isajon Sultan, the linguopoetic significance of the words in the process of linguistic analysis of the literary text.

127-130

Authors: Akramjon Turgunovich Mamazhonov ; Tazhimirza Abduvosievich Mamanazarov

This article discusses the issues of improving profit management in a market economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. And also, the management of the company's profit to the development of the mechanism of organizational and economic impact.

134-136

Authors: Dilrabo Pulatovna Rakhimova ; Shoira Hushbokovna Islomova

In recent years, in the process of teaching and learners some changes were occurred, multimedia is playing huge role in teaching languages because it gives learners great opportunity to accept the information virtually. Furthermore, multimedia enriches them just increasing their listening, and speaking abilities (how to pronounce words uttered and difficult to follow). Additionally, further research shows that video data is more involving and motivating leaners in language learning than traditional methods as it is innovative one to give students stimuli to fulfill the gaps in classes.

143-145

Authors: Gulnoza Abdukhalikovna Yunusova

the article mentions not only the stockpile of knowledge accumulated during the period of study at the institution of Higher education, which is now an important thing for students (cadets), but also the ability to independently find, understand and apply the necessary information to achieve the desired result in a particular situation.

150-154

Authors: Jurabek Gofurjonovich Yuldashev

In this scientific article, the changing social and psychological changes in the information and educational environment, in today's society, where the process of informatization is intensively developing, human self-awareness through education, ensuring the development of "spiritual self", mastering tangible and intangible creative activities, information about his aspirations to demonstrate.

158-160

Authors: Umida Abdurahimovna Maksumova

Approaches and methods of teaching English, as well as any foreign language, are currently constantly being reflected and rethought due to the fact that the very understanding of the nature of the language, the ways of learning it, is changing, as well as in response to the growing demand of educational institutions around the world for more effective curricula.

164-166

Authors: Gulnoza Baxtiyor qizi Najmiddinova

The article depicts the linguistic features of the names for medicaments in Uzbek and English terminological systems. In particular, they were studied within one subsystem and were analyzed from two linguistic aspects: onomaseological and etymological. Furthermore, the trade names of the most widely used medicaments in Uzbek and English medical terminological system shave been analyzed separately as an object of research. As a result of their in-depth analysis, the total numbers of pharmaconyms expressed in both national languages (Uzbek and English) have been revealed.

171-173

Authors: Nodira Rasulova

The concept of “modern lesson” is one of the most discussed topics in our time and is the subject of numerous discussions. Being at a new stage of social development, it is impossible not to make new demands on education in general and on the lesson in particular. It is important to understand that there is a modern lesson.

178-183

Authors: Shahnoza Tuychievna Tursunkulova

This article analyzes the process of aesthetic consciousness formation on the basis of philosophical and aesthetic sources as complex socio-philosophical and synergetic phenomena. The concepts of "aesthetic mind", "mind" are studied as a single system, and elements and elements of its organization are identified. The historical-philosophical, theoretical-methodological foundations of the formation of aesthetic consciousness of the person are shown.

187-189

Authors: Zebo Gaffarovna Yodgorova

The purpose of communication in the newspaper motivates the emergence of a particular text - the text of an editorial, a short informational message, a text of analytical information, an essay, a chronicle, the social function of which is that they participate in the formation of public consciousness, are introduced into the mechanism of regulation of social activity and behavior. Features of the implementation of objective-modal and subjectively modal meanings in newspaper-journalistic discourse are inextricably linked with the genre of journalistic style, within which a particular text is created. Accordingly, when creating a newspaper journalistic text, the author in a certain way standardizes the modal means used by him, correlating them with the target settings of the chosen genre.

201-207

Authors: Vladimir Bogutskiy ; Leonid Shron

The article notes that as a result of the processes of mechanical processing, heat treatment and assembly of parts included in the machine spindle assembly, in the latter occur deviations in the location of their responsible base surfaces . Are given the obtained analytical dependences, which make it possible to determine the modulus and phase of the angles of mutual misalignment of the rolling surfaces of the outer and inner rings of the bearings of each of the supports. Calculations based on the obtained dependences showed that the axis of rotation is curved, and the geometric axis of the spindle describes a closed shape around the axis of rotation. Based on theoretical studies and computer modeling of the spindle assembly, conclusions are drawn about the influence of the misalignment of the outer rings of bearings and the deviation from the alignment of the inner rings of bearings on the runout of the spindle axis, the displacement of the center of rotation and the runout of the working end of the spindle.

213-218

Authors: Maqsud Sharipovich Akhmedov ; Toyir Omonovich Juraev ; Nurillo Raximovich Kulmuratov

In this paper, we present statements, develop methods for solving and obtain numerical results for new problems of stationary deformation of infinitely long viscoelastic cylindrical shells on a deformable base when a non-axisymmetric wave of normal pressure moves along the axis of the shell with up to a resonant velocity. The solution methods are based on the joint application of the integral Fourier transform (or the method of fundamental solutions) with respect to the axial coordinate and the decomposition of all the given n desired quantities into Fourier series with respect to the angular coordinate. An efficient algorithm for the joint calculation of integrals and Fourier series is developed and implemented on a computer. The mixed shell is estimated as a function of the pressure wave velocity and the viscosity of the materials.

222-225

Authors: Gulbahor Roziqova

The article describes the phenomena as narrowing, expansion and change of meaning in the lexicon of the Uzbek language on the basis of lexemes used in Mahmud Kashgari's "Devonu lug'otit turk".

229-234

Authors: Maftuna Goziyeva

The article is devoted to the matters of the pragmatic functions of the prosodic means, the functional features of the intonation. The study of prosodic means in the speech acts helps to reveal the communicative types of the sentences. The results of the conducted experiment were thoroughly discussed. The essence of pragmaphonetic analyses in Uzbek linguistics was shown.

239-247

Authors: Nasriddin Mexriyevich Obitov

The effect of Al (MnFe) Si dispersoids with different sizes and numerical density on the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded AA6082 alloys with different Mn contents at ambient temperature and elevated temperature under T5 conditions has been investigated. Compared to the low density of coarse dispersoids formed by conventional homogenization, the density of fine dispersoids formed by new low temperature homogenization was more effective in increasing the material's resistance to plastic deformation during extrusion. Al.

269-271

Authors: Kholmurad Mahmudovich Makhmatkulov ; Zukhro Kholmuradovna Makhmatkuloza

The article deals with the interference, structure, meanings and contents of the word philology. The structure, branches and explanations in the formation of speech of the student s in the contacting English-Uzbek languages.

275-279

Authors: E.E. Duisembiev ; K.S. Tattibekov

In this paper, we study the stability conditions of stationary rotations of a conducting absolutely rigid body (gyroscope rotor) during the spin of a non-contact gyroscope in a resistive medium in the case of fast gyroscope rotations, when the kinetic energy of the rotor is high compared to the moment of resistance and the active torque.

284-287

Authors: Tokhir Abdumutalovich Khatamov

The article analyzes scientific-historical analysis of the existing problems in the system of public education in Uzbekistan and the implementation of reforms and measures taken in the framework of the National Program for Personnel Training in 1997-2009, using archival documents and scientific sources.

301-317

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Arthur Alexandrovich Blagorodov ; Lyudmila Borisovna Tomilina ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yuryevna Volkova

In the article, the authors formulated the need for the formation of demand for products in demand, when the assortment policy is the main factor of this demand. At the same time, consumer preferences in any case should be formed taking into account a certain set of requirements that they impose on the product. In this case, manufacturers guarantee themselves a stable financial condition, stable TPP, demand and its full implementation.

325-365

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Artur Aleksandrovich Blagorodov ; Victoria Sergeevna Belysheva ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In an article by the authorsan assortment policy was developed for the formation of competitive men's, women's and children's shoes, taking into account factors affecting consumer demand: compliance with the main fashion trends, economic, social and climatic characteristics of the regions of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, the production of which using modern innovative technological processes, as well as to meet demand elite consumer, using manual labor, create the basis for meeting the demand for footwear for the buyer of these regions, including the development of innovative technological processes for the production of men's, women's and children's shoes using modern technological equipment with advanced nano technologies,forming the basis for reducing the cost of footwear and providing it with an increase in competitiveness with the products of leading foreign companies, with the possibility of a wide assortment of footwear not only by type, but also by fastening methods, which guarantees its demand in full.

370-374

Authors: Sayfiddin Rafiddinov

The article gives a perfect description of external (world) and internal (religious) sciences. Their origin and features are described in detail. Navoi's attitude to the external and internal sciences has been studied in detail. It also discusses the external and internal sciences and the positive or negative states associated with them, the colorful experiences of the soul, and the artistic expression in poetic and prose works.

380-385

Authors: Tarikh Meyrut Dostiyev

The article investigates the issues of ethnocultural processes in the Western Caspian region during the period of the Great Migration of Nations. An important factor in the history and development of ethnocultural processes in the region was its specific geographical position, which became the main bridge connecting Eastern Europe with Western Asia. At this time, complex ethnocultural processes synthesizing the traditions of the sedentary agricultural and nomadic world, both local and foreign, gave a powerful impetus to ethnocultural transformational consolidation. The dominant role in this process belonged to the Turkic ethnos, and the Turkic language began to play the role of the intertribal communication.

401-405

Authors: Zhang Jie

With the development of economy and the change of people's life style, more and more consumers pay attention to the network information, and consumers' consumption of agricultural products will gradually change from commodity consumption to brand consumption. Due to the lack of connotation and single sales model of most ecological farm brands, the competitive advantage of the brand is not obvious. This paper analyzes the current situation of ecological farm brand construction, and explores the advantages, problems and measures of ecological farm brand construction under the background of "Internet +".

411-414

Authors: Salohiddin Ochilovich Ibragimov

This article is based on analysis of the construction materials industry and its importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, and additionally it provides potential recommendations for improvement on the basis of an innovation cluster.

419-421

Authors: Gulruh Sohibbek qizi Tillaboyeva ; Nargizaxon Rustamovna Umarova

This article analyzes the artistic anthroponyms used in the works of the great poet Alisher Navoi, their time and place of use with examples.

425-427

Authors: Oygul Anvarjonovna Ashurova

The article deals with the issues of aesthetic education of children in preschool institutions, the development of an eco-aesthetic attitude to the environment and nature, respect, a sense of responsibility for them. The questions of aesthetic education, its content, stages and components are disclosed.

432-435

Authors: G‘.M. A’lamov

This article discusses the use of Persian-Tajik borrowings in textbooks on reading in primary grades of schools with the Uzbek language of instruction.

440-443

Authors: Yu. R. Krakhmaleva

A mathematical program for converting a quadratic form to a canonical form using an orthogonal transformation in the Maple environment has been developed, which allows the solution process to be carried out with minimal time and a high degree of automation.

450-452

Authors: Akhmad Sabijanovich Baisov

The article is devoted to the discussion of the method Tandem in recent foreign language teaching policy. It primarily tries to give the presentation on the origin and principles of it along with the latest development carried out world-widely by other language experts. It also facilitates the chance to show what peculiar characteristics of the method in contrast with others of which it varies greatly with its main stress on developing both linguistic and cultural knowledge of EFL learners. In other words, its principles are evaluated by two criteria of gaining proficiency in target language and raised cultural awareness.

457-459

Authors: I.H. Movlaev ; G.H. Ibrahimkhalilova

The properties of compositions based on mixtures with modified epoxy oligomers (ED-20/SKN-26-1- 3,7/ 0,3- 3,4/0,6) and epoxy oligomer of triple ethylene-propylene copolymer - breaking strength, tear resistance, fatigue resistance to repeated deformation, metal bond strength and etc. improved.

467-472

Authors: Oleg Ivanovych Yurchenko ; Tetyana Vasylivna Chernozhuk ; Oleksii Andriovych Kravchenko ; Alexandr Nikolaevych Baklanov

An analisys of literature sources deals with determination of Cadmium in sunflower oil was done. It was shown that the best method to determine Cadmium in sunflower oil is atomic absorption spectrometry. Acidic extraction of Cadmium from oil was studied. It was established that mixture of Trilon B and nitric acid (1:1) is the best for the extraction. It let us to extract 81-90% of Cadmium per one time. After second extraction degree of it increase up to 92% and it is possible to enlarge it by boiling of the samples and mechanic mixturing with simultaneous shaking. It was established that using of ultrasound (US) to intensificate acidic extraction increase extraction degree up to 99%, and after the single extraction it is 96-97%. The optimal parameters of ultrasound are: frequency of 18-44 kHz, intensity 1,4-2,5 W/sm2,time-2-3 min. and ultrasound make an influence on the processes of Cadmium extraction. The methodic of atomic absorption determination of Cadmium in sunflower oil with detection limits of 0,005 mg/kg was developed.

476-480

Authors: Elmira K. Mamatazizova ; Nuriya K. Mamatazizova ; A.K. Sadieva

The article examines the activities of the internal affairs bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of domestic violence. Analyzes legislation on domestic violence.

484-486

Authors: Gulnoza Baxtiyor qizi Najmiddinova

Medical terminology is a set of words and word combinations used by specialists to refer to scientific concepts in the field of medicine and healthcare.

490-492

Authors: Iroda Melikuzi kizi Abdunazarova

The article considers the problem of training English language to work with new vocabulary. It provides information about the use of gaming technology for enlarging students' active vocabulary.

504-576

Authors: Dmitry Olegovich Bordukh ; Artur Aleksandrovich Blagorodov ; Danil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

The article outlines new competencies developed by the authors to assess the competence of respondents - survey participants on pressing problems of science and technology. At the same time, the authors consider the results of a questionnaire to assess the competence of survey participants in comparison with the so-called reference answer, which is formed both on the basis of literature data and in a survey of highly qualified specialists on the problems that are offered to respondents. Thus, the competencies with the help of which it is possible to rank the level of qualifications of respondents participating in the survey and to make a more objective decision about the results of the survey.

581-593

Authors: Denis Chemezov ; Petr German ; Danil Zubatov ; Aleksey Kuzin ; Emil Akhmetov ; Artem Gorechnin ; Georgiy Karatun

The results of modeling the bullet penetration of the AK-109 assault rifle into the targets made of Kevlar, high-strength concrete, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, thermopolished glass and titanium alloy are presented in the article. An idea of the failure degree of metallic and non-metallic materials when shooting from the assault rifle is given. It was determined that under the same conditions of shooting, the targets made of titanium alloy showed maximum strength.

611-614

Authors: Nargiza Utkirovna Yusupdjanova ; Maftuna Sadullaevna Asadova

The more industrialized the construction industry, the higher the economic and export potential of the state and the higher the well-being of the people. This article discusses the creation of infrastructure based on advanced technologies, the introduction of a cluster approach in the construction industry, as well as the analysis of regulatory documents in the field of construction in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

8-11

Authors: Gulchexra Xashimova

The social sphere is most sensitive to all changes taking place in modern society. The current stage in the development of European society is full of difficult moments associated with the need to overcome the consequences of systemic financial and economic crises, social instability and interstate contradictions. The peculiarity of the modern period is that accents of the driving forces of global processes and European integration as an integral part of them are shifting into side of the social dimension.

16-20

Authors: Dilnoza Nusratillaevna Nusratilloeva

The longevity of Khurshid Davron’s poetry, as well as the purposes what it serves for and enlightens the hearts of readers are reflected in his sociality. In Khurshid Davron’s poetry, all objects and events become symbolic expressions and convert a battlefield for the freedom of the Motherland. Only if the human roots nourished by its past, it will pave the way for the present and future.

27-29

Authors: Khurshida Djorakhanovna Khashimova

Literary language and its historical stages and norms are shown in the article. The stages of development of the literary language are covered on the basis of the works of Alisher Navoi, Babur and Fitrat. Decisions and decrees adopted for the development of the Uzbek language reflect the Renaissance, in particular, the third Renaissance.

37-41

Authors: Q.Q. Rayimov

This article discusses and addresses the issue of systematic analysis of language and speech paradigms, which has not been seriously studied so far.

45-47

Authors: Bobir O'razboy o'g'li Tashbaev

the article presents scientific proposals and conclusions on the analysis of Public internal and external debts, management of public debts, economic (financial) weakness, indicators of public debt and its effective management, international financial markets, foreign debt policy, sovereign state external debts, the result of the analysis of Public Debt Policy and its effectiveness.

52-57

Authors: Аlijon Karimovich Khusanov ; Muhammadyusuf Shavkatbek Zhuraev ; Gulxayo Muhammadolim Qobiljonova ; Jasur Nizomov

The article examines the features of forage specialization and the co-evolution of aphids in the “parasite-host” system. Aphids of the genera Eriosoma Leach. (3 species), Tetraneura Hart. (2 species) and aphids Kaltenbachiella pallida (Halid.) Briefly use the leaves of the elm (Ulmus densa), for the development of founders and winged migrants. Elm-gall aphids, as representatives of one guild, simultaneously use the fodder plant by subdividing ecological niches.

61-65

Authors: Okuma Bafadar gizi Bafadarova ; Aisha Magsud gizi Ahmedova

This article is about the use of waste from the glass industry, glass in the form of cullet, as a filler in the production of concrete. The conducted research allows us to assert that replacing part of the sand with finely dispersed glass is an acceptable way to reduce the use of natural sand, while maintaining the strength properties of the concrete mixture.

71-74

Authors: Hagigat Aliashraf Javadova ; Yulduz Boyuk Agha Ramazanova ; Gulshan Galib Yusifzadeh ; Zakiya Kamil Maharramova ; Ilaha Abuzar Jafarova

New lubricating compositions of the well-known industrial engine oil M-20 Бп were formulated for ship diesel engines of the 42-56 ЧНСН 16/17 brand engines M-503, M-504 and M-507, which meet the requirements of standards of M-20Бп oil with the use and comparative study of detergent-dispersant additives ИХП-101, AKI-114 and AKI -218 high functional properties, which are barium and calcium salts of condensation products of alkyl phenol with formaldehyde and ammonia and other amines.

79-83

Authors: Zafar Uzakovich Khayitov

The following article discusses the factors of the formation of first agricultural cultures and early cities in the southern parts of Central Asia, the study is based on the results of archeological research conducted in different periods.

87-90

Authors: Ikromiddin Qutbiddinovich Sirojiddinov ; Kamoliddin Ikromiddinovich Sirojiddinov

The article examines issues related to the expansion of fruit and vegetable production in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and increasing the export potential of the industry.

104-109

Authors: Marina Alexandrovna Balyasnikova

The article deals with recurrent images in Wordsworth’s poetry. The employment of recurrent images in Romantic poetry shows great mastery. Powerful emotions manifest themselves in the undulating flow of images, with their rise and ebb or rhythmic repetition. Their quick succession marks the movement of the emotion, for they vary in their power, intensity and frequency and run as a bright fibre, symbolic of the whole. The mastery of creating poetic imagery is shown in the use of recurrent images, through which the imagination is stirred without even realizing the presence of any symbols. These images are symbolic of the whole, repeated as a leitmotiv, running as a nerve, carrying essence of the passion, which manifests itself in its frequent overflow. Wordsworth’s poetic style is under the influence of an emotional and imaginative predominance, and the images we meet are more often described not for themselves, but for the feeling and idea they convey.

115-119

Authors: Mashkhura Azadovna Sharapova

This article describes the legal framework for financing the public education system, which is the main stage of the education system and focuses on the issue of financing to overcome the existing problems in this system, radically improve the work of the sector.

125-130

Authors: Nasim Kamalovich Achilov

It is noteworthy that in the heroic dastan (epic) "Alpamysh" the genuine struggle and aspirations of the Uzbek people, hopes and dreams of the future are sung on an ideological and artistic basis. In the dastan, in the spirit of heroism, ideas are described such as the struggle against any manifestations of evil, the glorification of good, the desire for the triumph of truth and justice, love for the family and the homeland, courage and courage along the way.

135-140

Authors: S.Z. Kazakbaiev ; N.S. Karymsakov ; D.S. Seytzhanov ; D.D. Tursynbekov ; K.A. Karabalaev ; K.A. Seilkhanov

The paper deals with the problems of creating high-performance and efficient machines based on a Grain Thrower. The optimal parameters of both the technological operation for cleaning grain from various impurities, and the development of the optimal design of the pneumatic-motor classifier, allowing the combination of reloading and primary processing with pre-drying of grain products, are investigated.

145-149

Authors: Nigora Azatbekovna Ashurmetova ; Berdiyar Baltabaevich Saparov ; Askar Berdiyarovich Saparov

The article analyzes the methods for assessing the effectiveness of innovations in agriculture.

155-157

Authors: Denis Chemezov ; Aleksey Matankin ; Vadim Maksimov ; Elena Zaytseva ; Irina Pavlukhina ; Georgiy Karatun ; Dmitriy Satarin

The modeling results of bevel gears engagement obtained in the "SolidWorks" computer program are presented in the article. The analysis of contact pressure on the faces of engaged teeth and displacement (deformation) of the parts material of the bevel gear pair of external engagement was performed.

161-164

Authors: Olimjon Israilovich Djumanov ; Sunatillo Makhmudovich Kholmonov ; L.E. Shukurov

The problem of increasing the reliability of the information in electronic document management systems based on the search, recognition, and classification of requisites, attributes, electronic document (ED) formats, as well as mechanisms for detecting and correcting distortions is formulated. Principles and methods of reference validation credibility based on fractal processing of image characteristics and lexicological synthesis of the ED structure are proposed. Methods have been developed to optimize the training of a semantic hypernet based on the formation of rational training sets and the reduction of redundant connections between the constituent components of the ED.

169-176

Authors: Oleg Ivanovych Yurchenko ; Tetyana Vasylivna Chernozhuk ; Oleksii Andriovych Kravchenko

The effect of surfactant concentration (Triton X-100) on increasing the sensitivity of the atomic absorption determination of Cadmium and Nickel was studied. It is shown that after the usage of Triton X-100 (? = 3%) sonication for 20 minutes, the sensitivity of the atomic absorption determination of Cadmium increases by 1.4 times, and Nickel does by 1.7 times. For complete extraction of analytes, ultrasonic treatment of soil samples with a power of 120 W, with a frequency of 40 kHz, was taken. The content of Cadmium and Nickel was determined by atomic absorption, atomic emission with inductively coupled plasma, and X-ray fluorescence methods in a soil sample using Cadmium and Nickel acetylacetonates as standard samples of the composition. The correctness of the results of the analysis was checked by the "injected-found" method. By varying the sample weight, the absence of substantial systematic error was confirmed. According to the Fisher criteria and Student's t-test, the consistency of the results obtained by two independent methods was evaluated. It is shown that the discrepancy of the means is not significant and is justified by a random scatter. The detection limits of Cadmium (Cmin=0,001 mkg/ml, Clit=0,007 mkg/ml ) and Nickel (Cmin=0,01 mkg/ml, Clit=0,02 mkg/ml ).were estimated by the atomic absorption method

183-186

Authors: Kanagat Skakovna Abdiramasheva

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widespread among patients with type 2 diabetes. With the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, it is becoming a serious public health problem, in parallel with the worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This work presents a review of the literature data on the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of NAFLD in diabetes.

201-210

Authors: N.A. Abiev ; Z. Turar

In the present paper questions of computer implementation of Bogoliubov-Krylov averaging method for approximative solving nonlinear oscillation equations is considered. The main subject of our study are Van der Pol and Rayleigh equations. In the paper we suggest a Maple program, realizing the algorithm of Bogoliubov-Krylov averaging method on the computer. On numerical computations the main idea of the method is shown. The advantage of using computer technology is also shown.

215-219

Authors: G.A. Altaeva ; S.M. Ussenova ; A.T. Abdrakhmanova ; L. A. Alpysbai

The authors of the article presented an analysis of the feelings of anxiety and fear in students. The article provides an overview of the scientific works of foreign and domestic psychologists on the problem of the genesis of feelings of anxiety, fear and panic attacks in children and ways of overcoming the indicated psychological personality traits. The work examines in detail the mechanisms leading to neurosis, such as fear, fear of difficulties. The authors analyzed the works devoted to the disclosure of the nature of anxiety. In the article, the concept of the nature of anxiety is considered from two sides: anxiety as a property that is written to a person from birth, and anxiety as a person's reaction to a hostile external world. The authors pay great attention to the social origin of feelings of anxiety and panic attacks and propose effective methods of dealing with unreasonable feelings of anxiety and fear.

225-229

Authors: Sh.O. Salimbaeva ; G.A. Altayeva ; S.M. Ussenova ; K.A. Saylybayeva

This article is devoted to the problem of psychological adaptation of inmates of orphanages. The authors analyze in detail the behavior of children left without parental care. The article provides an excursion into the history of the origin of orphanages, from the Middle Ages to the modern period. As the analysis of the works of psychologists shows, inmates of orphanages, due to objective circumstances, have difficulties in socialization, psychological adaptation to the environment. The main reason for social phobia, aggression, misunderstanding, inability to build positive relationships with others, fear and fear of loneliness, the authors of the article see in the absence of mother-child connections, which play a decisive role in the personal development of the child. Analyzing the emotional and volitional features in the behavior of children in orphanages, the authors propose various methods that will allow us to correct the behavioral stereotypes of children living in a boarding school.

234-236

Authors: Mahmuda Adhamjonovna Qo'chqarova

This article notes the importance of working with text problems in mathematics in primary school. The issues of solving these problems in simple and easy ways are considered.

240-243

Authors: Sokhiba Mukhtoralievna Zokirova ; Mohlaroyim Shavkatjon qizi Sodikova

This article discusses mnemonics as one of the modern ways to improve the spelling literacy of today's youth. We are talking about the origin and development of mnemonics in the scientific community. An experiment with mnemonics showed that the use of creative work in teaching a native language based on the use of mnemonics can be effective in helping children learn the rules of spelling.

247-251

Authors: Saidaxon Rahmonberdiyevna Toshboyeva ; Nodira Muxtaraliyevna Turg’unova

The article reveals the importance of the emergence of mathematical Olympiads and the development of the scientific consciousness of the younger generation of the peoples of the world through mathematical Olympiads in modern times, as well as the role of mathematical.

255-257

Authors: Feruza Odiljon qizi Hafizova

The article defines the concepts of myth, mythologism, mythology, mythopoetics on the basis of theoretical sources, their types are studied in detail, the development of the field of mythopoetics is based on the occurrence of myth, mythology, mythology as an image in the literature.

262-267

Authors: Izimbet Rakhmetovich Turdimambetov ; Medetbay Orinbayevich Oteuliev ; Qoylibay Konisbayevich Karimbaev

Health is an integral indicator of the quality of life in its objective manifestations. The extreme ecological situation that has developed over the past decades in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, has led to significant pathological changes in the health of the population. Territorial differences in the healthcare system in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are significant. For example, the average level of inpatient care in the country is 38.56 per 10,000 populations. This figure was 92.56 in Nukus, 32.68 in Ellikkala district, 20.79 in Beruni district, 52.19 in Nukus district, 20.07 in Turtkul district, 34.26 in Kungrad district and 37.74 in Muynak district. This article analyzes the problems of staffing in clinics, hospitals and other stationary health care institutions, the current state of the health care system of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and gives some recommendations for their improvement.

273-275

Authors: Firuza Shavkatovna Rakhimova ; Nino Chermenovna Abaeva

The article provides a scientific substantiation of the process of organizing students' independent work in mastering a foreign language. Attention is focused on the fact that the productive independent educational activity of a student is the basis of a successful educational process in the field of a foreign language. The article substantiates the idea of the need for a different approach to the organization of independent work in a foreign language, which is primarily focused on the student's personality. Particular attention is paid to the role of the teacher in organizing the process of independent work.

281-283

Authors: Javohir Yuldashev

This article highlights the theoretical and practical significance of the study of historical consciousness and its role in the system of personal education in the socio-spiritual life of students in the development of axiological worldview.

290-292

Authors: Shaxlo Akmalovna Valiyeva

The degree of opportunity and strategies for using electronic textbooks to improve the efficacy of the scholastic process are clearly mentioned in this article. In addition, certain criteria relating to the general rules of creation and content are also specified.

306-310

Authors: Manuchekhr Sharofiddinovich Salohiddinov

An analytical review of pedagogical and methodological research in the field of application of the "Case study" method in teaching students a foreign language in the logic of specific requirements for the stages of its implementation identified by the author is presented: constructing a case, involving students in analyzing a case, individual extracurricular work of a student on analysis of the case, completing tasks for the case, collective / group work of students in the classroom. Based on the analysis of the literature, it has been shown that the peculiarities of teaching a foreign language at a university determine specific requirements for the content and procedural side of the implementation of the Case Study method as an analysis of a foreign language didacticized authentic text and the organization of a discussion in a foreign language, the formulation by a student of an unprepared oral statement in a foreign language.

321-324

Authors: P.A. Nadirov ; N.M. Miriyeva

NaH zeolite was modified using the ion exchange method and NaHY and NaLaY catalyst samples were synthesized. The activity of primary NaY zeolite and its synthesized samples has been extensively studied in the process of ethylene conversion. It was found that the modified samples had a higher activity than the original NaY sample. The highest selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons belongs to the NaLaY (2% La) sample. In the presence of the above sample, the yield of benzene and toluene from the process was 25.3 and 34.5% (3500C, 1 atm. Pressure), respectively.

332-335

Authors: Mekhriniso Sobir qizi Rasulova ; Nargiza Gennadevna Wahedi ; Ra'no Ravshanovna Pulatova ; Shokhrukhbek Hasan o’g’li Rasulov

This very article partly discusses the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lockdown on the overall performance of the students of a certain university. Prior to reaching to the conclusion the results of two surveys were discussed and analyzed appropriately. Also, some examples from other surveys with their outcomes were provided. In order to explain those effects, we included the views of some scholars as well. Looking at all the data we drew the conclusion that despite the challenges caused by this pandemic most of the learners still prefer online learning.

339-342

Authors: Sherzod Azimov

One of the most relevant topics in modern social philosophy is the topic of globalization. Within the framework of this very broad topic, questions are actively discussed about the causes, essence, the beginning of globalization, about its subjects, direction, about the features of the development of the global world, about the interaction of cultures, about the structure of the global world, about managing the world community and building a new world order, as well as about negative phenomena generated by globalization, such as increased uncontrolled migration, nationalism, chaos, international terrorism, anti-globalization protests. Moreover, there is no unity of opinion on various aspects of globalization, which indicates not only the novelty of this phenomenon, but also the insufficient study of this topic and the urgent need to study it.

348-351

Authors: Samar Alikulov

The attitude to globalization of both specialists and all the inhabitants of our planet is very ambiguous, and sometimes diametrically opposite. This is due to different points of view on the consequences of globalization processes, in which some see a serious threat to the world economic system, while others see a means of further economic progress. Undoubtedly, the consequences of globalization can be both positive and negative, but there is no alternative to it, and therefore the main attention in the article is paid to the study of the dangers (threats) that these processes pose, and the opportunities and benefits arising in the process of globalization.

355-360

Authors: Shokhrukh Kurbonov

The purpose of this article is to characterize basalt rocks as an alternative raw material for the production of Portland cement clinker and to evaluate its possible use as an additive in the cement industry. It describes the physical, chemical, and microstructural characteristics of basalt clinker, as well as the effect of its addition to Portland cements on the hydration, water demand, setting, and mechanical strength of standardized mortars. Basalt mixtures can be successfully used as an aluminosilicate raw material to partially replace traditional raw materials, resulting in resource savings and ensuring the quality of the cement produced. The study of the use of basalts together with limestone materials can be important from the point of view of cement technology. The basalt mixture reduces the specific weight of cements. The results of tests of cements based on basalt mixtures for compressive strength showed that basalt reacts with the elements present in the media in the long term, and also increases the strength. The study demonstrates the potential of using basalt rocks as a substitute for raw materials in the traditional production of Portland cement. It was shown that the operating conditions of the furnace may have to be adjusted depending on the quartz content in the basalts.

366-373

Authors: Sanura T. Dostiyeva

The article discusses a treasure of silver coins found in the village of Bibiyani, Lerik region of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The hoard is dominated by silver thalers of the feudal states of Germany. The earliest of them was minted in 1543, and the latest in 1602. Apparently, the treasure was buried in the first quarter of the 17th century. These coins ended up on the territory of Azerbaijan as a result of the intensified trade of Western European countries with the Safavid state along the Volga-Caspian route, which led to the influx of silver thalers into Azerbaijan.

380-383

Authors: Zarrina Nazrullaevna Safarmakhmatova

Today's relevance of all issues related to language and culture lies in the fact that the social, political and economic changes that have occurred in the world in recent years have led to the migration of peoples, migration from one place to another, confusion of one nation with another. Currently, new opportunities, forms and types of communication are opening up for the development of science. Respect and tolerance for other cultures, mutual understanding remain the main criteria for the effectiveness of cooperation in any area. Before clarifying the views of linguists on the relationship between language and culture, clarifying the concept of culture helps to clarify the problem. Proverbs reflect different aspects of people's lives and life experience. Proverbs are closely related to the existing knowledge of native speakers, practical experience of a person, material and historical traditions of people who speak this language. Every nation expresses its mentality in some sense with proverbs and phrases.

390-392

Authors: Dilmurod Rahmatjonovich Teshboyev

This article discusses the research on the structural properties of complex follow-up polypredicative units, follow-up polypredicative units, the history of their study, the formal and semantic features of follow-up compound sentences, the means of forming compound sentences and their semantics, reference passages.

405-409

Authors: Arzu Yeskuatovna Mamutova ; Ikilas Suyndikovich Moldaliyev

Brucellosis is one of the most common major zoonotic infections in Kazakhstan. However, data on the incidence of brucellosis in humans and animals are limited. This article provides an overview of the study of the epidemiology and features of the clinical signs of brucellosis.

414-417

Authors: Shaxnoza Maxamadovna Artikova

This article discusses the most effective methods of teaching a foreign language and their use in the educational process.

422-425

Authors: Mukhtorali Turdaliyevich Zokirov ; Shirin Shuhratovna Dadabayeva

This article discusses the emergence of the disciplines of linguopsychology and psycholinguistics as a result of the interaction of linguistics and psychology, their objects of study, their essence. Different aspects of psycholinguistics and lingvopsychology from psychology and linguistics are shown.

429-438

Authors: Zharas Zhetybaevich Ainakulov ; Gulzhan Estanovna Kurmankulova ; Ardana Gabidollakyzy Zhumakozhaeva

This paper discusses the problems of using accurate mapping systems in mining enterprises, archaeological works, the possibility of a multi-rotor UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), the features of creating a 3D model of the object, the characteristics of the system, and also answers to some questions that arise when calculating the volumes of dumps (pits), the minimum pixel size (GSD) has been defined. In the process of modeling, software products such as Orthophoto Image and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used, which provide geometric accuracy up to 3 pixels, the required production time is 8-10 hours per day. As a result, a visual interpretation of complex objects was obtained, the structure of the object under study, the density of the location of control points were determined, and a terrain model was created with an accuracy of 3-6 pixels or 0.5-2.5 m.

443-445

Authors: Guzalbegim Murodovna Rakhimov ; Jamshid Safarov

The article discusses the features of conducting an audit of settlements with suppliers and contractors. The main factors influencing the organization of the audit, the main stages of the audit and the risks are highlighted. Taking into account the international standard on auditing, which regulates audit planning, the stages of the audit are highlighted and the main audit procedures for the audit of settlements with suppliers and contractors, including the audit of accounting and tax accounting, are considered.

450-454

Authors: Muhayyo Akhmadovna Khamraeva

This article plays an important role in the factual illumination of the image of sheikh Hisomiddin Al-Yagi who has not lost his identity. In the article, views about the fact that the story on this historical topic is superior to stories on another historical topic, as well as the fact that it is artistically energetic, cause controversy have a special value. In particular, the image of Sultan Tarmashirinkhon in the article is valuable in its importance in showing the artistic interpretation of history. Most importantly, in this article, the author covered in an analytical summary how high the level of skill was demonstrated by the fact that the writer told the grief of the heroes of the story as his grief. With this story, which is reflected in the dolgali periods of the history of our people and encourages us not to let go of the human life, the writer gave an artistic whim against the background of history the existence of brave and brave people of our nation.

461-465

Authors: Mukhabbat Usmandzhonovna Asrarova

This article deals with the philosophical heritage of the classic Tajik-Persian literature Abdurahman Jami, who for many centuries has been the object of study of his philosophical worldviews, which contribute to the formation of spiritual values of the individual. The scientific works of many scientists are devoted to the study of his worldviews, in particular, the research of the outstanding scientist-philosopher M. N. Boltaev, who, on the basis of the principles and values of a universal nature, defined and expounded the philosophical, Sufi-mystical views of Abdurahman Jami about man, the meaning of his life and purpose in this world, as well as humanistic, altruistic, moral and ethical thoughts and ideas of the thinker, which are of invaluable importance in the current conditions of reconstruction and renewal of the material and spiritual spheres of society. The article presents an analysis of one of the main mystical and philosophical works of Jami "Lavoih" ("Tablets"), which briefly describes the whole essence (quintessence) of the Sufi-philosophical worldview of the thinker. The article presents the extremely valuable philosophical and spiritual heritage of the brilliant poet, thinker, the greatest humanist, spiritual teacher of the peoples of Central Asia and the East, Abdurahman Jami.

469-472

Authors: Munira Zhurakulovna Allayeva ; Madina Aladdinovna Shakhmurova

Some pharmacological properties of the plant collection obtained on the basis of Cynara L, Silybum marianum, Flores Helichrysi arenarii, Stigmata Maydis were studied. Acute toxic hepatitis in male rats is considered. Acute toxic hepatitis was caused by the drug paracetamol, which was administered orally. It was revealed that the properties of the plant collection obtained on the basis of Cynara L, Silybum marianum, Flores Helichrysi arenarii, Stigmata Maydis in rats with the development of signs of hepatitis, there is an increase in the serum activity of AlAT, AsAТ.

477-481

Authors: Elmira K. Mamatazizova ; Nuriya K. Mamatazizova

In this article, the authors examine the statistics of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kyrgyz Republic. The causes of domestic violence are being investigated.

23-29

Authors: Oleg Ivanovych Yurchenko ; Tetyana Vasylivna Chernozhuk ; Alexandr Nikolaevych Baklanov ; Oleksii Andriovych Kravchenko

Coprecipitation of chromium on magnesium hydroxide was studied. Coprecipitation mechanism was proposed. The use of high-frequency ultrasound (US) and simultaneous action of ultrahigh-frequency and low-frequency US for intensification of chromium coprecipitation was investigated. It has been found that dispersing and mixing effects are the determining factors of the US action on co-precipitation concentration. The method of spectrophotometric determination of chromium in brines has been developed. The content of chromium in the natural brines of Ukraine was determined. It was shown that the use of double-frequent US allows us to increase the degree of chromium determination from 92-93% up to 96-98% and also to improve metrological characteristics.

36-41

Authors: A.N. Quliyeva ; G.Z. Allahverdiyeva

The article is devoted to the modeling of coking as the most common conversion process of vacuum residue in oil refineries. The main parameters of the process and the impact of the products on the product and characteristics are taken into account. The main features of each process (chemistry, kinetics and thermal decomposition of asphalts) are summarized. Some dependencies published in the literature are evaluated and used to predict the yield and properties of coke products.

48-52

Authors: Shokhrukhbek Hasan o’g’li Rasulov ; Mekhriniso Sobir qizi Rasulova ; Shokhjakhon G’ayrat o’g’li Elmurodov

In today’s highly competitive market, which contains millions of different brands, it is a big challenge for marketers to attract consumer’s attention to a particular product or brand. The use of game in the design of non-game context has significant impact on brand awareness. This article explains gamification and aspects of perception, learning and memory. In this article, the concepts from the case study – ‘Google T-Rex Run!’, is applied using the theoretical framework from a consumer behaviour point of view. This introduces a new vision of the topic and academic insight.

56-59

Authors: Manzura Oybekovna Badalova

The article describes the process of resettlement to Central Fergana of the Yazyavan region in the 20-30th century for the development of new lands. In this process, on the basis of scientific literature, archival materials, construction of new irrigation networks, the expansion of cotton fields, the resettlement of new lands, as well as the benefits provided to the population and the issues of resettlement policy were studied.

64-67

Authors: Nilufar Babajanova

The article contains the analysis of approaches to definition of competence and professional integrity and their diversity.

71-77

Authors: S.S. Gulamov ; A.T. Shermukhamedov ; U.T. Haitmatov

This article proves that at present the formation of the digital economy has a complex impact on the development of industries and spheres of the economic system of Uzbekistan. In addition, an important task for the further socio-economic development of Uzbekistan within the framework of digitalization and the transition to an information society is to improve the quality of information interaction in various spheres of society, in connection with which issues related to the statistical assessment of the development of e-commerce, the definition of processes occurring in it as a subject of statistical research and the development of a system of statistical indicators become relevant.

86-91

Authors: Tashpulat B. Matibaev ; Azoda Shermuxammedova

This article focuses on the trend of transforming art through social media. It is important to develop online art forms through the ubiquitous development and integration of social media. The interaction of social media has a huge influence on artistic institutions and the way of population’s lifestyle, and as media technology updates, the artistic experience and culture of participation will continue to change.

110-115

Authors: Masuma Obidjonova

The article analyzes genre features of science fiction, fantasy, and “fantastika” in some short stories of an American author Ray Bradbury and an Uzbek writer Hojiakbar Shaykhov. It touches upon theoretical issues around the definition of the relevant terminology. It also comparatively analyzes some shorts stories of the authors, identifying common themes, and original features. Based on the analysis we put forward some theoretical conclusions for consideration.

126-128

Authors: Dilfuza Kurbanovna Abdieva

In modern era new innovative methods are being developed as well in the teaching system of education. Before teaching subjects to students, we must mainly pay attention to pedagogy which covers human behavior and character to study. Furthermore, a character of humanity is differentiated and focused on more psychological traits. While teaching the subject of pedagogy, we use technology in order to show the character of human beings. In recent years, e-learning is more implemented in acquisition of updated information in this subject.

133-136

Authors: Gulchehra Gulamjanovna Gaffarova ; Mahbuba Nurullaevna Abdullaeva

Sufism is a multifaceted, complex, diverse manifestation of a person's intellectual abilities. We want to draw your attention to some ideas in the cognitive system that have attracted our attention in the prism of a modern philosophical vision of the world. A person, cognizing the world, constructs certain methods of cognition using certain methodological approaches. From the history of the development of science, its concepts, it can be noted that with all the differences in the pragmatics of cognition, sociocultural and historical conditioning, it is revealed that there are so-called "cross-cutting problem" - situations that "in various contexts of scientific fields retain a meaningful" core ", but receive changing interpretations ”. These include the system of transformations that are associated with the concept of "love".

140-142

Authors: Dilfuza Daminovna Turaeva

In language learning, role-play as a drama is essential to express thoughts and share ideas with engineering students. Motivation in teaching Russian language to learners has been widely grown in recent years. Therefore, many different techniques are employed to be successful. One of the most effective techniques is drama which students with engineering profiles are engaged more in classes in order to improve their pronunciation and initial knowledge in vocabulary, grammar and phonetic rules. Memorizing new vocabulary is very difficult for engineering students, especially professional terminology in L2 which has different learning styles and different dominant intelligences. However, through drama, they are supposed to memorize words in open context. They are involved in the contextualized learning process intellectually and emotionally. This paper deals with the issues concerning effective use of drama in language learning.

146-148

Authors: Mastura Ibodullaevna Khujanova ; Sherali Baratovich Yuldashev

Teaching a foreign language is considered as one of the priority areas of modern education. The specificity of a foreign language as an educational subject lies in its integrative nature, i.e. in the combination of language / foreign language education with the elementary basics of literary education (familiarization with samples of foreign literature), as well as in its ability to act both as a goal and as a means of learning to familiarize oneself with another subject area (humanities, natural science, technology).

152-155

Authors: Rano Yoldoshevna Azimbaeva

This article discusses the most effective methods of teaching a foreign language and their use in the educational process. There are different approaches to teaching English, the main thing is to choose the methods that would suit you and your students. Each teacher chooses their own method of teaching English.

159-163

Authors: Gulrukh Khairullaevna Ruzieva

The laws of the methodology of teaching a foreign language consist of a system of knowledge about the ways of influencing this process. The purpose of the methodology of teaching a second foreign language is to discover and substantiate the patterns of teaching a foreign language. Solving the problem of the formation of linguistic competence in a second foreign language requires a qualitatively new approach to the educational and methodological support of the educational process. The need to develop new teaching aids should include not only in the form of subject information, but also materials that encourage communication skills in a foreign language. According to this principle, one of the most important requirements for organizing the process of teaching English as a second foreign language in philological institutions is obtaining methodological experience necessary for the implementation of their future professional and pedagogical activities.

168-172

Authors: Feruza Dzhurakuzievna Avulchayeva

The article discusses the importance of business models, their impact on the economic efficiency of industrial enterprises, the criteria necessary for the development of strategic management models, as well as the development of proposals and recommendations for their implementation.

177-181

Authors: Sarvinoz Mukhsinovna Kadirova

This article deals with the creative searches of the period of formation of the Uzbek theater of the European type, the identification of originality, features and evolution in the development of the national theater.

185-187

Authors: Zokhidjon Olimjonovich Kholikov ; Nargiza Ahmadjonovna Abdullayeva

In this article, the works of the famous writer Oybek and the poems of our poet Hamid Olimjon, as well as the following sonnets by the great English writer William Shakespeare and the works of Ernest Hemingway were widely used.

201-211

Authors: Denis Chemezov ; Aleksey Kuznetsov ; Elena Zaytseva ; Nematullo Karimov ; Vladimir Serov ; Vyacheslav Matveev ; Nikita Trubkin

The results of computer modeling the cutting process of the metal blank with cutters with different geometry are presented in the article. Cards were formed for the calculation file with the specification of materials properties of the cutting tool and the blank, conditions of the cutting process and other modeling parameters. Recommendations for the choice of the cutter geometry, taking into account calculated minimum shear stress of the blank material were given.

223-234

Authors: Askar Adizovich Yuldashov

The article discusses the mathematical modeling of pressure on the plunger during the operation of oil wells with sucker rod pumps. The problem of determining the total pressure on the plunger during its upward movement in the riser during the operation of oil wells with a plunger lift is considered. For mathematical modeling of the process, generally accepted assumptions are made regarding the movement of liquid (oil) in the annular space between two cylindrical pipes, one of which moves relative to the other. A theoretical method is proposed for determining the total pressure on the plunger, taking into account the viscoelastic properties of the produced oil. Numerical experiments have studied the effect of the viscoelastic properties of oil on the change in the total pressure on the plunger.

254-260

Authors: Sh.K. Atadjanov ; O.S. Khakimov ; Sh.P. Kurbonov ; A.Z. Otakuziev ; M.M. Nosirov

The authors conclude that for each surgical intervention there are separate indications, mainly as a justification of contraindications for video laparoscopic cholecystectomy, most of the contraindications are due to destruction of the gallbladder, its infiltrate, and pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract. According to the authors, laparoscopic cholecystectomy overcomes contrain-dications to traditional cholecystectomy, and is feasible in patients with high operational risk. As a result of a long-term study, the authors showed all the positive aspects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with laparotomy.

264-266

Authors: Irodakxon Tursunova

This article discusses the importance of mental arithmetic in the intellectual development of preschool children. The essence of mental arithmetic and educational results are illustrated on the basis of examples.

271-274

Authors: Muattarxon Odilovna Isomiddinova ; Malikaxon Asqaraliyevna Umarova

The article is devoted to thoughts concerning the use of information technologies in an elementary school. Particularly, the study illuminates the use of Power Point program in teaching numeral in Uzbek language lessons of elementary school classes.

279-282

Authors: Gulmira Aytmetovna Izzatullayeva

The article provides an overview of the literature on the study of the psychosocial state of students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper analyzes scientific articles published in foreign literature in 2020-2021.

288-291

Authors: Sayyora Rajabovna Irisova

The article presents effective methods of using interactive methods in organizing the pedagogical process by teachers working in preschool education as a result of observational analysis.

310-320

Authors: Arthur A. Blagorodov ; Dmitry Bordukh ; Danil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article the authors consider the Arctic region. It is becoming more and more accessible thanks to the melting ice and its technological advances. Arctic countries and transnational corporations view the exploitation of hydrocarbons and long-term investments in them as an attractive opportunity to significantly replenish their resource reserves. In addition to existing and promising oil and gas resources, deposits of other Arctic mineral resources are extremely significant and important for Russia. The article also presents the characteristics of the Arctic regions such as the area of the Arctic areas, population density, the volume of industrial production in total and per capita, including the volume of mining of metallurgical ores in the Arctic zone by countries such as Greenland, Finland, Sweden, Canada, Norway, USA, Russia.

328-336

Authors: Zokir Bozorboyevich Khudayberdiyev ; Shohsanam Mahmudjon qizi Khudayberdiyeva ; Ikrom Nurali o’g’li Amirov

The article presents the equations of torsional vibrations of a three-layer conical shell. For this, a surface is selected at a certain distance from the middle layer of the conical shell. Shear heads on this surface are selected as searchable objects. Then, the equations of torsional vibrations of a three-layer conical shell with respect to these sought-for functions were formed.

348-358

Authors: Arthur Alexandrovich Blagorodov ; Dmitry Оlegovich Bordukh ; Danil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors confirm the importance of implementing the strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the characteristics of the regions along the Northern Sea Route and the railway, in order to form the production of industrial products in these formed transport branches, which are in demand by the population of these regions by making a comfortable suit for all segments of the population. military personnel, permanent and shift workers in order to consolidate jobs, improve the social situation of the population and reduce the immigration of the Arctic regions.

366-374

Authors: Denis Chemezov ; Semen Galaktionov ; Maksim Perov ; Petr German ; Oleg Stepanov ; Vladimir Serov ; Vyacheslav Matveev

The modeling results of engagement of cylindrical gear wheels, obtained after the calculation in the "SolidWorks" computer program, are presented in the article. The analysis of von Mises stress, equivalent strain, contact pressure, total strain energy, loading, safety margin and fatigue of material of the parts of the cylindrical gear drive of external engagement was performed.

380-387

Authors: Irada Arif Khalafova ; Zivyar Islam Ismailova

The aim of this work is to study the effect of a magnetic field on the fluidized bed hydrodynamics of an industrial catalytic cracking catalyst. In article, we investigated the use of pretreatment of vacuum gas oil, its mixtures with fuel oil and a process catalyst in the catalytic cracking process, and also considered the problem of the effect of a constant magnetic field both on the conversion of heavy oil feedstock and on the hydrodynamics and structure of the catalyst itself. The processing of oil and oil products by a magnetic field is used as one of the technological processes that allow, for example, to reduce the growth rate of paraffin deposits, accelerate the separation of oil and water, reduce the viscosity of oil, etc. The physicochemical mechanisms of the action of the magnetic field on a number of processes in oil and gas production, and in particular on the deep refining of oil in the process of catalytic cracking, is based on the assumption of the presence in the processed solutions of impurities of colloidal ferromagnetic iron particles, which exist in the form of aggregates, including the participation of other colloidal particles present in the solution.

391-394

Authors: A.Z. Sadigova

Optically active 2-amine-4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7 8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-3-carbonitriles were synthesized from multi-component condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malonnitryl and methylenactive compound of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dion in the presence of chiral organic catalysts and their antimicrobial properties were studied.

401-405

Authors: Rano Rakhmatulloevna Kasimova ; Akmal Raupovich Ziyadullayev ; Aziza Akmalovna Ziyadullayeva

Handling equivalent-lacking words (Ivanov 1985) in general and culture-bound words (Proshina 2008) (realia, lacunae, ethnographisms) in particular seem to be one of the most significant and arduous tasks; that is to say culture-bound words are impediments of the translation process due to the fact that they have particular connotations and implications in the source language and culture whereas the target language and culture cannot have the same connotations and implications. Firstly, the present paper aims at the distinctions between the terms “lacunae”, “ethnographisms”. Secondly, it is indicated to the interpretation of the procedures and methods and identifying which of them seem to be more effective than the others in the process of translation.

410-413

Authors: Shamshinur Shuxratovna Yakubova

The article analyzes the theoretical classification of the debt of countries by various scientists, the internal and external debt of the country and also provides a comparative analysis of the public debt of our country and the global public debt in relation to GDP. Also, scientific and practical proposals and conclusions on the effective management of public debt have been developed.

5-7

Authors: Xilola Kamilovna Uzakova

The article describes the use of innovative technologies and interactive methods in education in literature lessons and their effects.

13-15

Authors: Orif Bolikulovich Khayitov

The article describes that housing construction is mainly carried out by private construction companies that build multi-storey and individual residential buildings for sale to any buyer. And also earlier, individual private houses were built mainly by the efforts of the families themselves or hired workers.

19-23

Authors: Mamura Gulyamovna Burkhanova

In this article, the socio-philosophical image of a cultured person. This is due to the fact that various types of culture are considered by many sciences - the socio-philosophical image of a cultured person. This word is of Latin origin and its exact translation means the way of cultivating the land, its cultivation.

27-30

Authors: Dilobar Karimova ; Abdumutal Abduvaliyev

The article describes the scientific and methodological aspects of the organization of primary school mother tongue education on the basis of a competency-based approach.

34-37

Authors: Nurali Eshonpulatovich Chorshanbiev ; Surayyo Zaylievna Burieva ; Zilola Xalilovna Hakimova

The article presents the results of water content and intensity of leaf transpiration in fine fiber varieties and cotton lines in different conditions of water regime. Compared to optimal water availability, water content and leaf transpiration intensity decreased depending on the individual genotypic response of fine fiber varieties and cotton lines to the lack of soil moisture in the soil.

43-46

Authors: Bayramali Ergashovich Kilichev ; Maftuna Zoir qizi Safarova

The role of ethnonyms is important in order to comprehend the features of contemporary national language and express its linguistic possibilities. In Bukhara region there are a lot of toponyms that are appeared on the basis of ethnonyms. Ethnonyms are the sources that can demonstrate the history, way of life, national language, belief, cultural and spiritual life, worldview of each nation. To explore ethnonyms both gives information about the history of the nation and contains crucial linguistic information. These ethnotoponyms show the life of people living in the area, cases of mixture with indigenous people and the region has had a long process of development. First of all, ethnotoponyms showcase the spread of Turkic tribes, geography of their areal stretch or the extension over the area. Furthermore, they express how other peoples and tribes appeared in the area of the region and their mixture with indigenous people. The following article draws some views about ethnotoponyms which are formed on the basis of nation names in Bukhara region and are used presently as names of a place among local people. Ethnotoponyms can be apparent as means that provide the existence of ethnic unity of the separate region.

50-54

Authors: Yulduz Maxamatdinovna Shamshetova

This article analyzes the results of morphological, phonetic and phonomorphological changes in borrowings in the Karakalpak language. Changes in phonetic character in the context of the interconnection of languages. Opportunities for assimilation of foreign language elements in the Karakalpak language.

58-60

Authors: Zebo Pulatovna Aminova

Lots of changes occurring in all spheres of society, especially, in education, new technology have been created and transformed gave significant results in E-learning. To clarify, MOODLE platform formed new sphere of lifelong learning in the thoughts of learners and strengthened new era of education. To be more precise, this promote learners pursue their education and acquire necessary instructions on specialty through virtual ways in order to generate expected goals to implement. In particular, students felt this in the period of pandemic which gave a lot of lockdowns for humans to study in recent year.

64-66

Authors: Muhabbat Murodillaevna Khidirova

Today, keeping grains and daily need products in the different storehouses is very necessary because of weather condition and some damaging insects outside. However, we may sometimes find some pests which destroy the harvest and give great damage to farmers and government. Therefore, we should take some measurements in order to store the safely. This paper highlights issues focused on pests occurring in the storehouse and measurements farmers take, and some ideas of scholar’s according to these insects.

72-76

Authors: Gayratbek Oybekovich Kholbutayev

The article examines the askiya genre based on the humor of Uzbek folklore, its compatibility with the theory of humor, including such poetic elements as humor, laughter, which constitute the essence of the askiya genre, their content, origin, expression, reason, means and methods, and also textual and subtext meanings of the word, their specific expressive image.

83-87

Authors: Zhusup Turgunbayevich Ashirov ; Damira Maksimbekovna Mombekova

This article examines the role and place of the internal affairs bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic in the system of state authorities. The author defines the internal affairs bodies as the main tool for the implementation of law enforcement activities of the state. This work is devoted to the disclosure of the tasks of the internal affairs bodies of the Kyrgyz Republic.

101-105

Authors: Rahat Abdildaevna Karimova

In the article, the author formulates the concept of foreclosure on pledged property, examines the features of the judicial and extrajudicial procedure for foreclosure on pledged property, analyzes the legal nature of foreclosure on pledged property. The problem of foreclosure of the mortgaged property and the definition of the parties involved.

111-114

Authors: Ainura Zhaasynbek kyzy

The article reveals the problems of minors during interrogation, his age, legal assessment, parents must know without fail why the child was detained. Also n When establishing psychological contact is necessary to take into account age features of formation of indications and individual characteristics of the person of a minor that requires the investigator's professional skills good knowledge of pedagogy, general and child psychology. At the same time, as with any other form of communication, there is an exchange of information, mutual influence, mutual assessment, the formation of moral positions and beliefs. However, the leading role in this interaction belongs to the person conducting the interrogation. The purpose of the article is to reveal the term legal evaluation and analysis of the protection of the rights of minors during questioning. The results of this study can be applied both in the practical activities of practicing lawyers and for law students studying law. Methods for the study. The research methodology is based on psychological and special legal methods.

119-123

Authors: Mairambek Zhumabay uulu

In this article, measures of state protection are applied to a witness who is at the same time a participant in the criminal process, and is also the subject of an indicator of human rights and freedoms. In the course of criminal proceedings, it was revealed that the institution of state protection was developed to protect witnesses from physical, moral and material damage, often as a result of actions (inaction) accompanied by signs of a crime. Attempts were made to establish that and nstitut witness protection was established to ensure compliance with human rights and freedoms and achieving criminal justice purposes. In the course of the analysis, it was revealed that for the implementation of measures to protect witnesses, the powers of law enforcement agencies are not compared with the goal of protection, nevertheless, it cannot go beyond the main tasks that were defined for them. The witness cannot resolve the issue of financing protection measures, is not included in the direct tasks. Essentially, law enforcement agencies cannot provide social protection measures.

127-131

Authors: Nurlan Iskenderov ; Azer Taqezade

SKN-40 rubber is compatible with other ingredients, mixes quickly and improves the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizate. For this purpose, based on standard indicators, it is necessary to prepare a rubber mixture based on comparative dioctylphthalate, dibutylphthalate and their combination and to study its physical and mechanical properties by vulcanizing it. In the laboratory, it is possible to synthesize diphenylolpropane dicaprylate and diphenylolpropane oxypropylene esters on the basis of naphthenic acids and use it as a plasticizer in SKN-40 rubber. Using this new plasticizer synthesized is to obtain rubber resistant to aggressive environments. The following issues have been resolved to achieve the set goal:

135-138

Authors: Aynura Markhabaevna Bekzhanova

This article examines the issues of teaching the Russian language in Karakalpak schools in the 1950-1960s. A specific feature of the study of this issue is characterized by the fact that during this period for the local population the Russian language acts as a non-native language. Textbooks and methodological foundations of training on local material were actively developed. Particular attention was paid to the formation of a culture of Russian speech. Official propaganda represented the Russian language in the national republics as the second native language and a means of international education.

142-146

Authors: Rita Zakhidovna Matmuratova

In the given article are investigated the problems of artistic and aesthetic functions of the main compositional unit of the comedy genre. The theoretical side of the problem is analyzed on the example of comedies of Karakalpak playwrights. For the first time in Karakalpak literary criticism, a conclusion has been made about the problem of artistic classification of a remark. The article explores such artistic functions of the remarks as the actions of the hero and the formation of the external compositional structure of the work. The comedies of D. Aytmuratov and M. Nizanov were analyzed when determining the theoretical result of the remark. The problem of internal and external remarks were first implemented into the science of Karakalpak literature. Based on the studied problem, theoretical solutions and proposals are given.

152-154

Authors: Maxliyo Xojievna Buxorova ; Gulbahor Makhdievna Mansurova ; Ural Khudzhanovich Eshmurodov

This article discusses the diversity of approaches to the study of the problem of developing students' communicative skills. Over the past ten years, there have been positive changes of a political, socio-economic nature, which have a direct impact on the education sector. In this regard, the question of a more effective organization of the educational process and the need to create such learning conditions under which a student could feel more confident, overcome psychological difficulties and remove the language barrier that prevents the formation of foreign language competence is acute. In this context, there is a need to develop innovative teaching methods and more active use of interactive teaching methods in the educational process. Within the framework of this article, the effectiveness of the use of interactive technologies in the process of teaching a foreign language at a university is substantiated. Methods aimed at developing communication skills are analyzed.

158-160

Authors: Dilnoza Sadullayevna Istamova

The article considers the results of the research, the technology of the development of socio-cultural competencies in students in preparation for teaching. Highlights the development of pedagogical conditions aimed at the effective formation of socio-cultural competence in students. Methods for assessing the forced socio-cultural competence of students are proposed.

165-176

Authors: Andrey Andreevich Kadomskij ; Oleg Yurievich Sabinin

The purpose of this work is to create a program that can create stylized materials for three-dimensional models, allowing a 3D artist to automate the process of creating materials.

180-182

Authors: T.R. Jabbarova

Cognitive and emotional factors that interact with each other in the process of activity are synergistic. Cognitive factors are observed in emotional factors, as emotional elements are observed in cognitive factors in the process of self-knowledge of the individual. Cognitive and emotional factors complement each other in the identification process and interact with each other.

187-190

Authors: Ikromiddin Qutbiddinovich Sirojiddinov

The article examines the areas of financial support for economic development in Namangan region in the context of the coronavirus pandemic.

211-213

Authors: Akmaljon Hamidjonovich Tursunov ; Zokhidjon Olimjonovich Kholikov ; Nargiza Ahmadjonovna Abdullayeva

This article is devoted the work of English writer of the XХ century Justin Marozzi “Tamerlane. Conqueror of the World” and his place in the English and the World literatures.

220-224

Authors: D. I. Yunusova ; G.A. Sharipova

This article discusses the methods of developing national and intercultural competencies in students through mathematical events dedicated to the life and work of Al-Khwarizmi

231-234

Authors: O.P. Jiyanov ; A.SH. Usmanov

In psychological reference literature, creativity is defined as “the creative possibilities (abilities) of a person, which can be manifested in thinking, feelings, communication, certain types of activity, characterize the personality as a whole and / or its individual aspects, products of activity, the process of their creation. Creativity is considered as the most important and relatively independent factor of giftedness”.

242-247

Authors: A.M. Baltabaeva

The article is devoted to the essential feature of the Russian-language stories of Sukhbat Aflatuni - dervishness as an archetype of Eastern culture. The Russian-language stories by Sukhbat Aflatuni "Clay Letters, Floating Apples", "Penuel", "Day of Doubt" vividly represent the implementation of a three-level model of the dervish image: a dervish-madman, a "false" dervish and a true dervish-savior. Each story contains one or more images of a dervish, conditioning the author's concept of preserving the spiritual memory of the people.

255-273

Authors: S. U. Zhanatauov ; A. Agaev

In the Stone-Geary microecoomic model in the buyer-seller system, the meanings of variables, parameters, and functions are revealed in the presence of the achieved demand for a package of services. The article [1] for the first time revealed behavioral stimuli and interpretations of the achieved objective values of traffic volumes а1,а2,…,аn. For 3 functions, their parameters, variables, and their functions are divided into the types subjective I (for the individual buyer) and objective (for the service seller). The behavioral model of Stone-Geary demand for buyers with the mentality of individuals (according to the principle of "consent in the dark sleeves"), entrepreneurs (with activities based on the purchase right») under capitalism No. 3 in the Republic of Kazakhstan is developed. For the indirect utility function v(I,p), subjective I and objective p=(p1,…,pn) are arguments that appear only if there is a fixed knowledge of the future demand (х1,…,хn) achieved at the maximum value of the subjective utility function u(х1,…,хn)=u. For a pair of arguments (I,p), the function e(p,u) of the minimum monetary costs of individuals for purchasing a package of addictive communication services of maximum subjective utility u(х1,…,хn)=u. is defined. An example of calculations for real production data is given. Buyers – the population (poor individuals act on the principle of "consent in the dark sleeves") and Economic Entities (operate according to the unwritten rules of business activity on the basis of the purchase right). The package consists of 17 types of services – socially significant and addictive consumption. Types of communication services - data networks (Internet) For Individuals, networks for Economic Entities have the highest values of the subjective utility function. Types of services with the numbers 1, 9, 15, 17 are addictive services (addiction services) for the population of Kazakhstan and personnel Business Entities (including private enterprises of Kazakhstan) under capitalism, No. 3 in the Republic

283-288

Authors: A.K. Batirov ; D.M. Khakimov ; M.F. Nishanov ; N.E. Bozorov ; B.R. Abdullazhanov ; Zh.A. Batirov ; I.R. Izatullaev

According to a number of researchers, the frequency of forced completion of surgical intervention with the formation of colostomas, with a complicated course of the underlying disease, ranges from 37 to 62%, the failure of anastomotic sutures reaches 6-25%, and suppuration of the postoperative wound-25-60% [13; 16].

301-306

Authors: A.K. Batirov ; M.F. Nishanov ; D.M. Khakimov ; B.R. Abdullazhanov ; Zh.A. Batirov ; M.M. Nosirov ; I.R. Izatullaev

Currently, there is a high frequency of surgical interventions accompanied by the formation of intestinal stomas, which does not tend to decrease. Reconstructive reconstructive operations are technically complex and are marred by a high frequency of failure of inter-intestinal anastomoses and lethality. Unlike traditional ones,intussusception anastomoses are simple in their execution and do not require special expensive devices and tools [13; 16; 30; 32].

313-316

Authors: Nodira Dzhokhongirovna Kholikova

The article examines new documents, new sources about the events of mardikerism in 1916. In particular, the Jadid intellectuals Munavarkori Abdurashidkhonov and Ubaydullakhodja Asadullakhodjaev deliberately called on local residents to mardiker in order to increase the military knowledge of our compatriots, to form a national army, to learn and learn the secrets of the centuries-old experience of using weapons and modern military equipment with a sense of an alternative to the aggression of the invader.

321-325

Authors: Gurbanov Shikhi Azizaga ; Nargiz Abulfaz Mamoyeva

The study of the effect of raw material components on the properties of bitumen is of scientific and practical importance, as well as one of the current issues. The study of a three-component system (asphaltene, resin, oil) showed that the penetration rate of bitumen oil increases with increasing oil content: asphaltene. However, the cost of penetration does not depend entirely on the amount of resin. Oil: Decreasing the ratio of asphaltene leads to a decrease in the softening temperature of bitumen. The softening temperature of bitumens is not significantly affected by the amount of resin in them. Oil in bitumen: an increase in the proportion of asphaltene results in a decrease in its brittleness temperature. Depending on the nature of the raw material, the quality of bitumen depends on the amount of fat components in the raw material, especially the softening temperature - the change in penetration dependence, as well as the penetration rate and ductility during oxidation of the same oil tar at the same softening temperature. Thus, in order to obtain bitumen for any purpose on the basis of oxidation of heavy oil residues, the nature of the primary oil, the softening temperature of the raw material, the amount of oil and paraffin compounds in it must be taken into account.

329-332

Authors: Muhabbat Murodillaevna Khidirova

Every grain consists of different vitamins, with a variety of chemical elements human body need. Bread we need to have consists mainly of chemical elements such as proteins. Water enriches the grain, promote it to be ripen, giving more elements. We highlighted scholars’ views on the chemical composition of grain and grain products such wheat and its chemical properties. As a consequence, wheat grain protein concentration (GPC) is a determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition.

341-344

Authors: Barno Mamatovna Sattarova

This article presents the results of investigation the perceptions of students majoring in Methods of learning English Language towards the different roles that the teachers of English as a foreign Language may take in the classroom, and what are the most important teachers roles as perceived by English language learners.

350-353

Authors: Feruza Sultonqulova

This article examines the artistic images in the poetry of the People's Poet of Uzbekistan Usmon Azim, in particular, metaphorical images. The metaphors associated with color in the poet’s poems are drawn into scientific analysis. Their artistic features and ideological-aesthetic functions are highlighted.