Revista Clio América

16

Authors: Gimmy Nardó Sanjinés Tudela

This article’s main objective is to provide a new method and development of a new competency assessment tool. These are designed to capture both objective and subjective characteristics of the learner and the educator in the educational institutions that exist in Bolivia. To achieve the goal set makes use of artificial intelligence, including fuzzy logic. It is for this reason that the result can range from micro cultural characteristics of the area where the school, student qualities to meet the requirements proposed by a government agency such as the Ministry of Education. This method can be applied to different levels of education, i.e. primary and secondary school level or higher education level in universities.

18

Authors: Carlos Labarcés Ballestas, Evelin Ruiz Gonzáles, Wilfrido Gutiérrez

The five-star hotels in the cities of Barranquilla and Santa Marta have a decisive role in the development of tourism in the region, the infrastructure of their facilities and the service provided by the staff, are the two determinant factors to provide a quality service. In this paper is addressed the role of the infrastructure of these hotels in the perception of quality that customers have, in order to establish the level of competitiveness and internationalization they present. In the first part the customer perception regarding to facilities is established, using the model HOTELQUAL next the relationship between infrastructure and organization in these hotels is studied. Finally, it is described the impact of the infrastructure and the service from the perspective of the managers.

35

Authors: Alberto Muñoz Santiago, Elmer Ditta Mercado, Hernando Duarte Padilla

This paper shows the results of a research that attempted to show the validity of the estimates done by the Colombian Financial Superintendence on the volatility of IGBC and TRM parameters used in the calculation of VaR risk by the financial intermediaries and additionally evaluating the predictive ability of these estimates when using more updated data, applying the Lognormal and Monte Carlo techniques in the process. In general with this work, it was observed that the recommendations made by the SFC concerning the proper selection of a methodology to measure the volatility of IGBC are valid, however, the recommendations made by the SFC in respect to the most appropriate methodology for the measurement and prediction of the volatility of the TRM, deserves further investigation, since the Monte Carlo model behaved inferiorly in scenarios on normal economic activity.

23

Authors: Ernesto Barrera Duque, Juan Guillermo Hoyos Díez

In this qualitative type of research is established a typology of business founders. It emerged from the iteration between the conceptual framework and the empirical domain, based on semistructured interviews. From the integration of a theory of motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic and contributory) with previous typology works in the field of entrepreneurship, is developed three categories of founders: the “rich”, the “king” and the “Monk”. The latter is the main contribution of this article. It´s proposed the hypothesis that business founders are not outlined in the ends of this classification. Instead, they incorporate features of the three types, at different intensities, and also they may change the predominant category during their life cycle. This article also develops some entrepreneurial founder differential qualities as well as their most important values.

24

Authors: Francisco José Arias Aragones, Alexander Mauricio Caraballo Payares, Rodolfo Enrique Matos Navas

In this working paper is developed the conceptual framework of the tourism of health and its two main strands of study: from the medicine and tourism. A bibliographical review of the tourism of health from a historical and contemporary perspective in an attempt to knowing their origins, evolution, changes and trends. It was found, firstly, that the medical tourism (este termino tambien sirve) is not a new phenomenon, because there is much evidence about it in the ancient world. Secondly, that the international movement of patients no longer exists from the developing countries to the developed countries, but in the opposite direction. This is explained by the high costs of health services, the high proportion of older adults (elderly) and the problems associated with insurance coverage in the developed countries, among other causes. In general, it is expected that the flow of health tourists continue increasing in favor of the developing countries.

13

Authors: Evelio Díaz Lezcano

The Federal Republic of Russia, major state agency resulting from the breakup of the Soviet Union, was the protagonist of a spectacular migratory movement in its first fifteen years. At first, and almost until the late nineties, Russia was a leading issuer of migrants, but later, due to the progressive improvement of internal instability and the remarkable economic recovery generated by high oil prices, the country became an important receptor, showing a positive migration balance at the end of the first half of this century. In recent years, the giant Eurasian presents migratory patterns similar to those prevailing in the major developed countries and like those countries, it is a scenery of restrictive policies that encourage discrimination and xenophobia and sometimes violence.

14

Authors: Pasquale Raspa

The work presented below is an overview that draws the development of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and global marketing from the perspective of authors like Lindbaek (2003) to modern trends of this perspective, through regulations that control and encourage social action of the companies in the concert of nations. After an analysis of these trends, it goes deeper into the situation of the Social Responsibility and Marketing in Venezuela and how it has been developing itself over recent decades. Finally, and to compare global trend about Corporate Social Responsibility and the Venezuelan situation, it is highlighted the propensity of the Venezuelan entrepreneurial to the implementation of social action in an efficient way and marketing focused.

22

Authors: José Wilson Márquez Estrada

In this article is argued that the citizens, as well as the Nation-State, are a cultural construction. Being and feeling a citizen is not “natural”, but the result of a cultural process in the history of each one and in the collective of a society. The citizen is not born, it is formed. However, this construction involves the setting up of a whole speech from the legal and political, resulting in a series of social practices that go through the political and electoral field, and are spread through out the social network with a prism of practices and cultural behaviors which have their expression in the sphere of public life to the private living spaces. To fulfill this cultural and political project, the State designed in the first half of the nineteenth century a number of strategies and pedagogies, aimed at imposing a model of subjects enrolled in the ideology and symbolic language of modernity. A man who would be the support of the new national state that was intended to implement.

38

Authors: Janwar Moreno Cortés, Virgilio Partida Bush

This research aims to assess factors that explain the expansion of the urban area of the northwest Metropolitan Area of Mexico from 2000 to 2005 period, through the identification of urban AGEB in which the urban expansion was done and the evaluation of explanatory variables which allow to evaluate the effect on its dynamics. The results show 3 variables that have a direct linear relationship with the phenomenon of urban expansion in 2000 and 2005, these are: i) young homes, ii) availability of water in the house and III) the surrounding density. In a panel model, two more variables are identified than the transverse: IV) overcrowding and V) computer changing their coefficient in the time. This study provides evidence to be included in the analysis of urban expansion, other dimensions of observation as the demographic transition and the spatial interaction.

15

Authors: Matteo Bellinza, Norma Guerrero Barrera, Sandra Colon Sirtori, Wendy Ramírez Mercado

Knowledge management has become one of the main topics of study in the field of people. Managing knowledge means managing the processes of creation, development, dissemination and exploitation of knowledge to gain competitive edge. According to Woodman (1985) “Managing knowledge is a process that covers everything related to getting the right information in the right way, for the right person, at the right cost, at the right time in the right place, in order to take the right action“. This description covers all the objectives of information management, that is to say potentiate and take advantage of the benefits of information management, minimize costs of acquiring knowledge and ensure a continuous supply of information. The consideration of knowledge as an essential strategic resource and the ability from the organizations to create it and apply it as a fundamental skill, it leads to an important advance in the evolution of strategic management. According to some authors, the basic resource in today’s organizations is no longer the capital but the knowledge. If before the core asset was the capital, today knowledge replaces the capital as a critical resource, which constitutes a challenge for organizations, the ability to generate knowledge, manage it and build processes to integrate and leverage the most important resources, the knowledge and its skills. In the present work, from an organized lens are exposed, the most important theoretical aspects of what is known as knowledge management, approaches to the concept, explanatory models and application in organizations. The methodology used is the systematic review without meta-analysis, by which the existing literature is revised and organized with the objective of providing a critical view of the topic brought up.

22

Authors: Otilia del Socorro Bracho Parra, Jesús Enrique García Guiliany

The study aimed to analyze the transformational leader´s characteristics in the municipal comptrollers, taking as reference the approaches by Bass and Avolio (2006), Maxwell (2007), Bass y Riggio (2006) and others. The research was descriptive with nonexperimental transactional descriptive design in the field. A stratified probability sample made of 157 informants was selected. An instrument of measuring was used to measure the variables of the study, which was validated in its content and discriminant validity. The index of reliability of the questionnaires corresponded to 0,984. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results indicated high influence of Transformational leader’s personal characteristics in the Zulia state municipal comptrollers. The division heads and administrative staff agreed in their appreciations, Which makes these susceptible leaders to be role models and to encourage motivation and interest from followers to achieve organizational objectives.

18

Authors: Luis Eduardo León Ganatios

Since 1999 a constitutional reform in Venezuela introduced some mechanisms of direct democracy such as the referendum and the plebiscite. Although this process broadened the means for citizens’ participation in the political system, there were important setbacks in political and civil liberties. The goal of this paper is to measure the quality of democracy according to a series of indicators that draw upon Robert Dahl’s conception of polyarchy.

18

Authors: Francisco Batlle Rois Méndez, Judeira Batista Ojeda, Maritza Zambrano Prieto

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the technology management in world-class companies belonging to the drinking sector at the San Francisco county, Zulia State, Venezuela. The tenets of National Model for Technology (MNT) (2009) and the theoretical contributions of authors such as Gaynor (1999), Peters (2006) and Bosch (2000), in relation to the management of technology were reviewed. The study was descriptive with a non-experimental field-transactional design using a sample of 6 individuals in charge of managing technology in the production units of the Cervecería Polar and Pepsi Venezuela. The results, obtained by the questionnaire used for data collection, led to the conclusion that the technology in these companies develops empirically with a functional configuration and non established standards in terms of its integration to management knowledge or the need to generate R & D units that focus on technology management. However, it was recognize the impact of technology management in the positive results related to best practices and experience through surveillance activities, planning, empowerment, protection and technology implementation.

22

Authors: Edwin Causado Rodriguez

This article seeks to formulate a strategy for payment of material proportional to income in the process of a crab meat processing company in the department of Magdalena. Going to interview workers in the area of production, quality assurance, and raw material suppliers on the factors involved in the capture and processing of this product, and analysis of historical records of the process yields two recent years. This payment strategy has to benefit both the company by offering a proportionality between costs and selling prices, as well as a fisherman, so that to exploit the resource in a sustainable manner, through a medium size implemented by capture INPA at the time and appropriate by the INCODER and the Autonomous Regional Corporation of the Magdalena - CORPAMAG. For his latest, according to the sampling of product made, there is a greater tendency to find the minimum size crab fishing imposed by regulators, which provides proportionality between the costs of raw material sizes and selling prices finished product.

33

Authors: Jorge Enrique Horbath, María Amalia Gracia

Mexico City –as we know and experience it– is the result of a series of heteroclite processes, in which immigration dynamics and its sociodemographic characteristics constitute elements of utmost importance. The migratory flow of women into this huge city has not only produced some distinctive features but has also given rise to new social processes which have changed some of the tendencies observed in previous decades. Based on statistical information sources, this article casts a view on the recent immigration and the women who compose it, focusing on its location in urban space and the characteristics connected to household and working contexts these women move through. This has proved a complex phenomenon as it involves different and highly intense flows: Mexican and foreign women pouring in and settling down in differentiated etropolitan spaces where they are faced with the challenge of having to survive in the outskirts, take on jobs which underrate their civilian rights.