Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

65-69

Authors: Abdul Djamil Husin, Irzaman, Jajang Juansah, Touwil Umrih, Khafit Pratama Hendratno, Ella Rahmadani, Sumarjono Effendy

We have investigated the sterilization at media Pleurotus otreatus using rice husk fuel and wood in various durations, 6, 8 and 10 hours. We carried out energy efficiency for Pleurotus otreatus medium sterilization in 8 hours using rice husk fuel is 14.28%, whereas energy efficiency for Pleurotus otreatus medium sterilization using wood is 17.35%. The results showed that cooking stove from rice husk are suitable for use as renewable energy technology applications to support E3i village (Energy, Economics and Environment). Keywords: efficiency energy, Pleurotus otreatus, rice husk, sterilization

77-82

Authors: Asep Saefuddin, Aji Hamim Wigena, Nunung Nuryartono

Since a long time ago, poverty has been a problem that can not be solved. Indonesia’s Central Beureu of Statistics (CBS) survey on March 2011 show that there are 30.02 million people or 12.49% of total Indonesian are considered poor. From the point of view of many field of sciences the substance and the method to overcome this problem has become a very interesting topic of research. Based on statistical methods, poverty has become very interesting because there is an issue that there is an autocorrelation between data, spatial autocorrelation, error variance heterogenity, spatial interaction, and other statistical issues. The main objective of this research is to find factors that influence poverty rate in a region by developing spatial bayesian statistics. The methods developed in this research include Simultan Autoregressive (SAR), Conditional Autoregressive (CAR), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Small Area Estimation (SAE) and hotspot detection. Based on the SAR Bayes model it is shown that the percented of people not graduating elementary school has a significant effect on poverty rate. While the increase of spatial autocorrelation will influence the poverty rate by 0.10 in East Java. Beside that by using hierarchical bayes logit normal model with nearest neighboor spatial weighted found that 40.93% of families of Jember is considered poor. Keywords: bayes, East Java, poverty, spatial

90-95

Authors: Deden Saprudin, Munif Gulamahdi, Wiwik Hartatik, Latifah Kosim Darusman, Ilfa Nuraisyah

Conventional utilization of urea just has absorbed 3060%. Remaining, 4070% lost to environment, give not economic benefit and serious problem in environment. The use of less efficient urea has received attention lately. One way to overcome the problem of inefficiency of urea fertilizer use is a nano-sized fertilizer. Synthesized nanofertilizer in this study were nanomagnetit (Fe3O4). Nanomagnetit synthesized from FeCl3 as a source of iron, sodium citrate as the reductant, and urea as a source base. Nanomagnetite synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction, the nanomagnetit has average crystal size 46.66 nm and crystal structure is Face Center Cubic. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows constituent elements in nanomagnetite are iron (29.45%), oxygen (53.07%), carbon (14.86%), and sodium (2.62%). This shows the iron and oxygen is the main constituent elements nanomagnetite. In the process of magnetite formation absorbed urea by 30% with N content (0.14%) and most are in the liquid synthesis (0.82%) so that it can be used as fertilizer on crops. Based on this research, variations of pH (68) liquid fertilizer provided no significant effect. The addition of 0.15 g nanomagnetite have better growth among other treatments. Keywords: corn, hydrothermal, magnetite, nanofertilizer, urea

103-107

Authors: Hardjanto, Yulius Hero, Soni Trison

People forests in Java, have been around since 1950s, and it has been sustaining naturally following the market without any intervention. Nowadays, it keeps developing, with the increase in market demand and wood processing industry. People forest system consists of four sub-systems, those are: production, processing, marketing, and institutional sub-systems, which are simultaneously and dynamically interrelated in a system. The institutional sub-system requires collaborative arrangement that involves many parties. The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify knowledge, actors/networks, and interest/dynamic of people forest, 2) to analyze policy space of people forest management, and 3) to make a design of a people forest institution. The results showed that 1) The knowledge in people forest business came from families, neighbors, and government programs, 2) Actors of people forest agribusiness consisted of primary and secondary actors, 3) Cooperative relationship among actors of people forest business was mainly in the interest of gaining profit for each party,and 4) Institutional designs aimed at solving problems in policy space of people forest management. Keywords: business sustainability, discourse, forest sustainability, institutional, people forest

113-119

Authors: Suria Darma Tarigan, Kerstin Wiegand

Tropical forest margin conversion to agriculture land in in Lore Lindu National Park has reached an alaming rate. The conversion was trigered by insufficient revenue to support minimal living standard amounted to Rp15.000.000,00/year/household obtained from unproductive cacao farming. Each household required another 1 ha new land to at least reach that minimal living standard. Therefore 218 ha of forest land are potentially cleared by farmerin the near future to extend their farming area. Increasing productivity using innovative agro-technolgy should be considered as one important alternative to reduce the need to clear another forest area. Due to the complexity of interrelated variable affected by using innovative agro-technolgy, a model should be used to take account every affected variable such as availability of labour and liquidity in adopting new agro-technology. In this research, agent-based modeling with mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) using MPMAS software (Mathematical Programming for Multy Agent System) was used to analyze impact of balanced fertilizing and irrigation technology to increase cacao land productivity. Balanced fertilizing was insufficient to reach minimum standard living of Rp15.000.000,00 with existing area of cacao land (1 ha/HH), due to the severe water deficit during month of January until February. Combining balanced fertilizing with irrigation water supply can increase productivity reaching minimum standard of living. It was obvious from the modeling that in the ealier period of cacao growth (15 year old), deficits in liquidity and labour was encountered. Interplanting cacao with maize at the earlier phase with additional income from livestock can alleviate liquidity shortage. Keywords: agent-based modeling, agro-technology, cacao farming system, forest conversion, standard income

126-131

Authors: Yanto Santosa, Raden Yosi Zainal Muhammad, Dede Aulia Rahman

Komodo is one of the protected rare reptiles that can only be found within the Komodo National Park and the northern island of Flores. This study was aimed to determine the species population parameters and spatial distribution. Data collection on population and spatial distribution of komodo were conducted using 20 transects with four repetitions, of which 5 transects were placed in the deciduous forest and 15 in the savannah with a total sampling area of 200 ha. The form of spatial distribution was obtained using the methods of variance ratio, dispersion index, green index, clumping index and chi-square. In addition, vegetation analysis was carried out on a 4 ha sampling plot. Results of the observations indicated that the size of the komodo population on Rinca Island was 698 individuals with a density of 3.15 individuals/km2 comprised of: adults with 1.7 individuals/km2, sub-adults with 0.65 individuals/km2, juveniles with 0.8 individuals/km2 and infants with 0.4 individuals/km2. The density of komodo in the deciduous forest (8.4 individuals/km2) was much higher than in the savannah (0.64 individuals/km2). The birth rate of komodo (11.27%) was higher than the mortality rate (4.23%). The sex ratio was 3 : 1. Within the study area, komodo distributed within clusters as indicated by the ratio of mean value of 3.77; dispersion index 3.72; green index 0.08, clumping index 2.72 and chi-square 167.059.6. Chance of encounters with Komodo in both types of habitat was much higher in the morning (80%) than during the day (20%). To increase the population size, the manager should intervene with the maintenance of hatchlings to acquire low mortality rate and protection of komodo’s natural prey species. Keywords: demographic parameter, komodo, spatial distribution

1-7

Authors: Cece Sumantri, Jakaria, Mohamad Yamin, Henny Nuraini, Bramada Winiar Putra, Eryk Andreas

The aim of this study was to identify the genetic polymorphisms of calpastatin (CAST), calpain 3 (CAPN3) and myostatin (MSTN) on local sheep at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU). A total number of 294 blood samples were collected from JASTRU. The identification of polymorhism in CAST and CAPN3 genes performed by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) while MSTN gene by using PCR-SSCP methods. The results showed that CAST|MspI, CAST|NcoI and CAPN3|MaeII loci were polymorphic, whereas The MSTN locus was monomorphic for G (1.0). The frequency of allele M (0.87) on the locus (CAST|MspI) higher than the N allele (0.13). At locus CAST|NcoI, the frequency of allele M (0.96) higher than the N allele (0.04). At the CAPN3|MaeII, allele G (0.85) and allele T (0.15). Locus CAST|NcoI has higher observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.92) compared to CAPN3|MaeII and CAST|MspI (Ho = 0.74-0.77), however has lower compared to CAPN3|MaeII and CAST|MspI in expected of heterozygosity (He = 0.08 vs 0.23-0.26) and in index fixation (Fis = -0.04 vs 0.03-0.12). Keywords: Genetic polymorphism, calpastatin, calpain, myostatin and sheep

16-21

Authors: Lina Karlinasari, Dede Hermawan, Akhiruddin Maddu, M.Farouq Iksan, Anita Firmanti

Cement board is a composite wood product has advantages such as fire resistance, termite, water resistant, and has good sound insulation properties. Bamboo is suitable material that can be used as a raw material of cement board. The objectove of this study was to determine the physical-mechanical properties of wool cement boards from betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) in various densities. Mechanical testing included nondestructive testing performed using the sound waves velocity method (stress wave velocity). The material used was particles of wool/ excelsior dimensions. The adhesive used was Portland cement type I by the ratio of bamboo: cement: water 1:2:1. Target board densities were 0.5 g/cm3; 0.8 g/cm3; and 1.0 g/cm3. The results showed the higher density of the board the higher mechanical properties of boards. The difference density cement board was more influential on mechanical properties (MOE, MOR, SW) board compared with those physical properties. Nondestrcutive testing using sound waves velocity method can be used to predict mechanical bending properties of wool cement board of betung bamboo as indicated by the close relationship between the parameter estimators (dynamic MOE) and static testing value (MOE and MOR). Keywords: Betung bamboo, nondestructive testing, physical-mechanical properties, stress wave velocity, wool cement board

35-40

Authors: Prijanto Pamoengkas, Iskandar Z. Siregar, Nurheni Wijayanto, Yulianti, Dida Syamsuwida

Melia azedarach is mostly found in community forests in West Java. One of the factors that affect forest productivity is high quality seed, but seed quality is not easily obtained by farmers. The general objective research is to provide good quality seeds of Mindi. Specific objectives are: 1) Determine the potential and the distribution of genetic resources of Mindi); 2) Determine the reproductive system; 3) ) improve seed technology to develop the seed viability of mindi, and 4) Build the collaborative management of mindi seed source by farmer. Seven populations of mindi plantation in the community forests were chosen for this research. The study was conducted over three years (2009-2011). Biophysical condition such as soil, light, temperature, altitude and humidity affect growth, flowering, fertilization and fruit production of mindi. The flowering cycle was proceeded for 6-7 months. The average value of reproductive success (KR) is 58%. The genetic variation of mindi in community forests in West Java was He = 0.1603-0.1956. The thickness of the seed coat, the high content of lignin and ABA is create a difficulty in seed germination. Prospective populations to be developed for seed sources were proposed namely Sumedang, Wanayasa and Talegong. Keywords: Community forest, genetic variation, Melia azedarach, seed source

48-57

Authors: Yanto Santosa, Firmansyah

One form of sustainable wildlife utilization with ecological and economic values is game hunting. Due to game hunting’s promising prospects, Perum Perhutani planned to develop their deer captive breeding area (PRJ) into a hunting garden. The objective of this research was to study the prospects of deer captive breeding area of Perum Perhutani BKPH Jonggol, West Java into a hunting garden based on ecological considerations. The research was conducted in 2006. Based on direct observation, interviews with the locals and local officers, and observation of land cover change due to increase in population, it was concluded that Block 9 was the most ideal site for hunting garden due to its varied slopes which was preferred by deers, ideal land coverages such as grassland, shrubs and plantation forest, lack of enclave, abundant grazing area and accessible by the hunters. Based on land topography and land coverage, the most suitable hunting method for Block 9 was stalking. According to the Directorate General of PHPA (1988), the only weapon allowed for game hunting is firearm. Based on calculations and literature reviews, the maximum number of hunters allowed in Block 9 is 108 hunters per year with a hunting season of two months, during July and October. Assuming 100% hunting success with maximum number of hunters allowed, the hunting quota would be 108 deer per year. Further studies are required to determine the number of initial population to be introduced to the hunting area and time to start hunting activities, as well as prospects of PRJ development as hunting garden based on socio-economic considerations. Keywords: Deer, hunting garden, prospects, sustainable utilization