Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research

1-9

Authors: Jamaal Omamalin ,Jeffrey Gapol , Kristine Carol Lagala , Abaigail Lawas , Vernale Rangaysiso , and Reynaldo B. Inocian

This study unveiled the historical roots and interpretations of the Gozos for Señor Santo Niño de Cebu. It sought to answer these objectives: identify the history and lyrical interpretation of the Batobalani, interpret the Batobalani in the perspective of the church and the devotees, and feature the symbolism of the waving of the hands during the singing of the Batobalani in the perspective of the church and the devotees. This study used the hermeneutics design of the verses of the Gozos of the Santo Niňo. The Gozos was interpreted using content analysis with historical sociological perspectives. This analysis is deepened with devotees’ narratives. The devotees were selected through a convenience sampling, especially those who attended the nine days novena masses. The Batobalani, as manifested in its verses, told the story of Christianity and Christianization of the Cebuanos by the Spanish missionaries–from the discovery of image in 1565 to the integralization of the worship and praise of the Holy Child in the lives of the Cebuano devotees. Further, as interpreted by the Church, the Batobalani signifies the surrendering of the people to God, the admittance of weakness, an invocation of mercy and protection from God. As interpreted by the devotees, the Batobalani signifies praise, offering, gratitude and request, and a manifestation of God’s passion and compassion toward His people. Further, the raising and waving of the hands, according to the Church, signifies the need for God, the expression of joy, the reaching out for God. According to the devotees, the raising and waving of the hands signifies joy, thanksgiving, and a gesture of request.

18-25

Authors: Johanna Marie Castillo , Conrad Gian Fario , Jean André Trinidad , Racidon P. Bernarte

- The main purpose of this study was to know how proud the youth are of being a Filipino. Socio-demographic characteristics also play a role in determining the national pride of Filipino youth. The level of pride similarly varied among domain-specific aspects. We used a structured survey questionnaire adopted and modified from the International Social Survey Programme from their National Identity study. For this study, a four-stage sampling was observed to get the sample. Sports was the top source of the Filipino youth’s national pride, among the 12 domain-specific aspects. However, Politics and Democracy got the lowest level of national pride. Differences among sexes significantly varied in the aspect of Sports, Economy and Social Security, and Environment. Pride in Arts and Literature, Sports, Armed Forces, and History differ among religions. The difference in Educational Attainment affects the level of national pride of the youth in the aspect of Fair and Equal Treatment in All Groups. Moreover, the socio-demographic characteristics play a role in determining the national pride of the Filipino youth. The study used quantitative research approach, specifically descriptive. A self-administered survey was distributed to 400 randomly selected youth respondents of 15 – 29 years old in the National Capital Region, Philippines.

34-41

Authors: Racidon P. Bernarte , Vincent Jude G. Estella , Dominador Jr. M. Nucon , Jin Danniel O. Villatema

Internet pornography has many adverse effects, especially to the relationship commitment. The use of pornography directly correlates to a decrease in sexual intimacy. Hence, this might lead to weakening of the relationship of their partner. To find out the relevance of the claim, the researchers aimed to explore the relationship of Internet pornography consumption to the relationship commitment of married individuals in the Philippines. Different factors such as level of satisfaction, investment, quality of alternatives, relationship stability and viewing habits were also considered in determining the relationship of watching online pornography and the relationship commitment of Filipino married individuals. The study used the descriptive co-rrelational design. A self-administered survey was distributed to 400.It is revealed that Internet pornography consumption has an adverse effect on the relationship commitment of married Filipino couples. Furthermore, watching porn online weakened the relationship commitment that leads to an unstable relationship. This investigation found out that internet pornography consumption has a nominal negative effect on the relationship commitment of Filipino married individuals. It is proven on this study that internet pornography consumption can weaken the relationship commitment of married individuals thus, it promotes knowledge about numerous effect of it, negatively and even positively. This paper also contributes to pornography related researches on the country which can give further awareness about the said area.

50-61

Authors: Yvonne T. Davis , Florelie Mae C. Datulayta , Jacklyn S. Dacalos , Bonifacio B. Cordova , Kenny A. Clerigo , Niescy E. Canoy , Reynaldo B. Inocian

The study determined the effective teaching practices in handling nonreaders. This seeks to answer the following objectives: describe the adjustments, effective strategies, and scaffolds utilized by teachers in handling nonreaders; differentiate the teachers’ reading adjustments, strategies and scaffolds in teaching nonreaders; analyze the teaching reading efficiency of nonreaders using effective teaching reading strategies; and find significant correlation of nonreaders’ grades and reading teachers’ reading adjustments, strategies and scaffolds. This study utilized mixed methods of research. Case studies of five public schools teachers were selected as primary subjects, who were interviewed in handling nonreaders in the areas of adjustments, strategies, and reading scaffolds. Actual teaching observation was conducted according to the five subjects’ most convenient time. In ascertaining the nonreaders’ academic performance, the students’ grades in English subject was analyzed using T-Test within subject design. Handling nonreaders in order to read and understand better in the lesson is an arduous act, yet; once done with effectiveness and passion, it yielded a great amount of learning success. Effective teaching practices in handling nonreaders comprised the use of teachers’ adjustments, strategies, and scaffolds to establish reading mastery, exposing them to letter sounds, short stories, and the use of follow-up. WH questions enhanced their reading performance significantly. Variations of reading teachers’ nature as: an enabler, a facilitator, a humanist, a behaviorist, and an expert, as regards to their teaching practices, were proven significant to students’ reading effectiveness.

75-81

Authors: Jeffrey F. Papa

This study focused in the automation and improvement of the Human Resource services. This includes managing of employees’ records, facilitating requests and processing of leave credits in accordance to the Civil Service Commission (CSC) rules and regulation, tracking the employees' performance and skills, generating reports needed, and analyzing of employee information that will help in the decision making. This also includes attendance monitoring using biometrics, calculation of tardiness and absences of employees, and processing and printing of payroll. The system is developed using Visual Basic.Net, as the main programming language, SQL Server 2008 for back end database, MS Word and MS Excel for all needed reports. Two (2) units of computers that served as server and client, network devices and finger print biometric scanner completed the set-up of the developed system. The developed system consists of three (3) major application software or modules such as the Human Resource Information System, the Fingerprint Attendance System and the Payroll Alert System. The Human Resource Information System is used in the processing of employee records of the HR office. The Fingerprint Attendance System is used for getting the employee’s time-in and time-out for their attendance. The Payroll Alert System is used in notifying the accounting staff to generate the payroll on time. Test results based on efficiency in terms of CPU and memory usage, processing speed and accuracy of data, and consistency of outputs turned out favorable to the system. Forty respondents composed of faculty and administrative personnel of Cavite State University rated the system as “Excellent” with an overall mean of 4.73. It signifies that the developed system is acceptable and functions according to its preferred specifications

93-99

Authors: Md Belayat Hossain , Mohammad Arif Iftekhar , Muhammad E.H. Chowdhury

In this work, a comparative study of three pulse artifact (PA) correction methods –optimal basis set (OBS), simple mean (AAS) and Gaussian-weighted mean (GWM) – along with standard parameters setting for both gradient artefact (GA) and pulse artefact (PA) correction, using open source Functional MRI of Brain (FMRIB) tool-box, in combined EEG-fMRI, is reported. It has been found that, of these three methods, OBS is better in preserving bio-signal while removing PA successfully.

111-118

Authors: Avelino G. Ignacio Jr.,(MAEd)

This research is about the Adamson University’s third year regular engineering students’ viewpoints on mathematics courses in engineering as basis for improvement. The objective of the study are as follows: (1) to identify the engineering students' views on the content of the mathematics courses taught in engineering education; (2) to identify the engineering students' views on the teaching style used in the mathematics courses; (3) to identify the engineering students' views concerning the faculty teaching the mathematics courses for the engineering departments; (4) to determine how do students’ viewpoints on mathematics courses in engineering serve as basis for improvements. The researcher used qualitative research method. The respondents consisted of 12 regular third year engineering students of Adamson University. To improve the interview questions, a pilot study has been conducted with 5 sophomore engineering students of Adamson University to make sure that the words used in the interview questions can be grasped by students; and can provide answers and explanations to the problem posed in the present study with the aid of 2 experts. Based on data obtained from the research findings, students’ viewpoints on mathematics courses to engineering are categorized under five (5) main themes and thirty (30) subthemes including one hundred forty two (142) codes. The main themes are as follows: the content of the mathematics courses, perception on relevance, lecturer’s focus, teaching styles, and the assessment process.

128-135

Authors: Radji A. Macatabon, Maria Luz D. Calibayan, (Ed D)

The study was conducted to determine the variety and variation of B’laan language in two municipalities. Specifically the study aimed to find out the following: What are the variety of B’laan language? Are there lexical and morphological variations existing in B’laan language by B’laan tribe in Bacong, Tulunan North Cotabato and Lampitak, Tampakan South Cotabato? And What factor influences such linguistic variety and variation of B’laan language? The scope of this study was confined to B’laan tribe living in barangay Bacong, Tulunan North Cotabato and barangay Lampitak, Tampakan South Cotabato. Descriptive method of research using structural and sociolinguistical analysis was utilized to describe and determine the linguistic variety and variation of B’laan language. Findings revealed that B’laan language has two language variety the To Lagad and To Baba. Results further show that linguistic variation on lexical and morphological features of B’laan language in this study is influenced by geographical dimension or the distance of the place where the B’laan people live. B’laan language is unique for its linguistic variety. Research proved that B’laan language is not homogeneous because it has lexical and morphological variation.

146-149

Authors: C . A. Omeire , E. U. Omeire

This study was conducted with 305 pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 40 years, who attended antenatal clinic at the study centre and had live babies after delivery. Positive malaria parasitemia was 40(33.33%) for those who used antimalarials for prophylaxis, 70(43.75%) for those who used them for therapeutic treatment and 10(40%) for those who used none of the above. Those who used insecticide treated nets (ITNs) only were 30(9.8%), insecticide sprays (IS) only 75(24.6%), mosquito coils (MC) only 5(1.6%), ITN & IS 25(8.2%), ITN & MC 0(0%), IS & MC 35(11.5%) and 135(44.3%) for those whose used no protective measure at all, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species of malaria parasite that was observed in all the examined blood samples. The study has shown that even with the level of awareness and health education given of recent to the use of intermittent preventive therapy and protective measures by pregnant women, most of them still do not comply with their usage as directed.

160-167

Authors: Jennifer D. Maderazo (DDM, MAED)

This tracer study determines the employment status of the graduates of Doctor of Dental Medicine of Lyceum of the Philippines University (LPU) from 2008-2012. It assessed the relevance of the Dentistry curriculum, knowledge, skills and attitude acquired by the graduates deemed to be relevant for their employment; identify the personal and professional characteristics and job placement of Dentistry graduates and the school related factors associated with their employment. This tracer study used a descriptive research design. The study described the experiences of the graduates before and after employment. The graduates conveyed their personal observations regarding the situations they faced after graduation. The findings showed that majority of the Dentistry graduate-respondents are presently employed except for one whose primary reason is family concern and decided not to find a job. Most of the graduates had their first job as associate dentist with recommendation from the department or alumni of the college and opted to put up their own private practice after 6 months. Rewarding salaries and benefits are the main reason for staying on the job and are all enjoying a professional career in dentistry with initial gross income of 25,000 pesos and above. The following school related factors for job placement such as curriculum and instruction for the general education and professional subjects, student services and faculty instruction were found to be relevant in meeting the demands of the graduates’ dental profession. And the following are the work related values gained by the graduates such a love for God, honesty and truth, professional integrity and leadership. These values were found to be very relevant in the practice of the profession.

175-180

Authors: Iffat Fatima* , Razia Iqbal , Mubashar Hussain

Chromium (III) sulfate has various industrial applications and is widely used in leather industry due to its high tanning properties. Cr (III) is required for efficient metabolism of fats and carbohydrates in traces. Various studies have reported that its constant exposure may lead to severe health problems in both animals and humans. In this study, histopathological effect of dietary Cr (III) was evaluated on liver and kidneys of rodents. For this purpose, adult Swiss albino mice (n=25) were divided into different treatment and control groups (n=5/group) after sufficient acclimatization. After 3 weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed and observations regarding histopathology of liver and kidneys were made in all treatment groups and compared to control. Microscopy and photography was performed after processing the tissues according to standard protocol of sectioning and staining. Liver cross sections of treated animals showed signs of fibrosis in portal area, and congestion of sinusoid and central vein. Whereas, more pronounced effects of Cr (III) toxicity were observed in kidneys. These include mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis and contraction of glomerulus within Bowman’s capsule. However, No pathological changes were observed in control group. These results support the hypothesis that enhanced level of Cr (III) contamination of food can induce both hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. These basic findings prove that currently increasing levels of trivalent chromium in environment are hazardous to living organisms. Therefore, to avoid health risks to both animals and humans, conversion of toxic chromium waste to less toxic compounds is required. Moreover, exposure level through any route should also be minimized.

1-6

Authors: Nelson C. Rodelas, Paraluman G. Sim, Angelita D. Guia

The Development of a Real-Time-Based Smoke Belching Monitoring System for Public Utility Vehicle is designed in order to monitor smoke belchers or violators among public utility vehicles (PUV) that uses diesel such as jeepneys or buses. The concept of the project is to measure the opacity of the smoke being emitted by the PUV with the use of a predesigned sensor unit incorporated by Light Dependent Resistor Sensor and Light Source facing each other, 4 inches apart. By allowing the smoke to pass through the LDR and Light Source, the desired resistance is acquired and processed by the microcontroller to obtain the Light Absorption Coefficient. This value is the basis for being a smoke belcher (If it exceeds 2.5 k). The system then sends the data (Plate Number and K -value) for every one (1) hour to the Database System and to the operator with the aid of GSM Microcontroller that leads to a real time monitoring. The system is possible to implement and has a potential to be used for emission testing centers since it has the features of the commercial opacity meter which is common in emission centers to measure the smoke emitted by the diesel-fueled vehicles. This project serves as an innovation in emission testing because it monitors the smoke belchers in real-time and operators or owners of the vehicle are not required anymore to go to the emission testing center every year to renew their car registration.

16-20

Authors: Alexis John M. Rubio, Joan P. Lazaro

The study was conducted with the purpose of developing a Solar Powered Reverse Trash Vendo Machine that aims to encourage people to engage in recycling and to diminish the practice of improper waste disposal in thePhilippines. The device used a Gizduino X ATMega 1281 as its main processing module along with a Gizduino 644 microcontroller board, anda GSM Shield module for communication. Arduino1.6 IDE is used to program the Gizduinoboards. The device is powered by a 15V rechargeable battery, which is charged by a solar panel retrofitted at the roof of the device, this is to promote energy conservation, and green engineering principles in the development of the study.The device can process empty plastic bottles (500ml. max) with a base diameter of 3.5 inches, and aluminium cans. These recyclable materials are placed inside the machine and is scanned, then crushed and placed in a bin. An inductive sensor is used to detect either the material is a plastic bottle or an aluminium can. To compensate the user for recycling, an equivalent monetary value will be dispensed. The owner of the device can check the status of the coin dispenser and bins through an Android messaging application developed using the Eclipse IDE and the Java programming language, and when a certain limit is reached by the coin dispenser or the trash bins, an automatic text message notification will be sent to the owner.

29-36

Authors: Eron Anthony Guarde, Rufina C. Rosaroso, Fredrich Rama, Rolan Batac, Gerome Lasala

This is a qualitative study which described the existence of political dynasties in Cebu, Philippines. The prevailing issues on political equality and perennial rule of political families were also investigated unfolding the Cebuanos’ perceptions of political dynasty and its impact on Cebuano bureaucracy. The method of data analysis used in the study was narrative inquiry where storytelling among the selected key informants served as data collection technique. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of key informant politicians while random sampling for key informant voters was determined. The instruments used in data gathering were interviews and observations. The study revealed the true meaning of political dynasty, its advantages and drawbacks to its constituents. Varied rejoinders and call for democracy motivated the selected key informant politicians to continue serving the citizenry. This study recommends that an anti-individualistic voting preferences campaign be promoted by the government, education and youth sectors in transforming intelligent Filipino voters.

44-50

Authors: Sana Mansoor, Abdul Bari Khan, Sundas Zuhra, Sundas Kamran, ZaraArif

Translation of children fantasy novels and problems faced by translators in translating these novels into different languages is one of the core issues in the field of translation studies. This issue has got attention of many researchers and an extensive study has been carried out on various novels. The Harry Potter series of novels written by British author J.K. Rowling is one of the famous children fantasy novels that gained popularity worldwide and was translated into 73 languages. The use of various cultural terms and made up words in the novel has posed a great challenge for the translators. The purpose of the present study is to identify these cultural related terms and made up words in the novel “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets” and to investigate the strategies used by the translator in translating them into Urdu language. A descriptive analysis of the translation of culture related items and made up words was made using the strategies proposed by Davies (2003). The findings of this research showed that translator mostly emphasized and predominantly used localization and transformation strategies for food items, magical objects and imaginative words.

57-64

Authors: Ronalyn C. Tabora, Kathryn Robert R. Tee, Joseph D. Villanueva, Racidon P. Bernarte

This study intended to identify the relationship of religious practices of college students from sectarian and non-sectarian sector, and their attitude towardssame-sex marriage. The issue of same-sex marriage is considered as one of the sensitive concerns in the Philippines society since it is a Catholic influenced country. The respondents in this study were total of 781 college students from 385 samples of Adamson University and 396 samples of Polytechnic University of the Philippines who were selected through stratified sampling method. In addition, data were gathered for the entire month of September 2015 through online and self-administered surveys. The results revealed that college students from both sectors have different general attitudes toward same-sex marriage despite of being highly involved to their religious practices. Respondents from Adamson University, sectarian sector, opposed to the issue, while college students from PUP, non-sectarian sector, supported same-sex marriage. Further, this study found out that spiritual association of an educational institution plays a small but a significant role in explaining attitude towards same-sex marriage.

76-82

Authors: Shahidul Islam, Mahedi Hasan

This paper attempted to examine the effects of women knowledge on attitude and family planning approval on contraceptive use of married women. The primary data was collected from Narsingdi municipality and the cluster sampling techniques had been adopted for collecting the data. Path analysis was used to determine the effects of factors that haveinfluence on contraceptive use. The result showed that the attitude and knowledge on contraception, and family planningapproval has significant effects on the use of contraceptive. The study also revealed that media exposure significantly effects on family planning approval, increase the positive attitude on contraceptive, and significantly increase the knowledge on contraception and STDs diseases. Women education and mass media can also be considered as potential factors to influence the contraceptive use.

92-97

Authors: Kimberly B. Abesamis, Racidon P. Bernarte, Regina D. Jimena, Kayla B. Lumangyao

A political ideology is what guides a country and makes a government effective. Moreover, media serves as the society’s watchdog. Media is the most effective tool in shaping public opinion. Among the different types of media, the newspaper is the oldest and was the most effective tool in shaping public opinion. There are several types of a newspaper article. However, it is the editorial article that is considered as the heart of the newspaper. With this, the study examined the present political ideologies in the editorial article of the three leading broadsheets in the Philippines (Philippine Inquirer, Philippine Star, and Manila Bulletin) which the researchers referred to as the Philippine broadsheets. Also, the research aimed to analyze the factors that are evident in an editorial article such as the focus and the treatment present in the political editorial articles of the three leading broadsheets. Comparative content analysis method was used to generate the data analyzed. In choosing the unit of analysis, the study utilized the Purposive Sampling Method with the intent of the researchers in filtering out highly political editorial articles. The result of the study showed that majority of the political editorial articles published by the Philippine Broadsheets from June 2014 to June 2015 present Liberalism as their political ideology and most of their political editorial articles were treated neutrally.

122-129

Authors: Ian P. Benitez

Teaching Fundamentals of Electronics allow students to familiarize with basic electronics concepts, acquire skills in the use of multi-meter test instrument, and develop mastery in testing basic electronic components. Actual teaching and doing observations during practical activities on components pin identification and testing showed that the lack of skills of new students in testing components can lead to incorrect fault diagnosis and wrong pin connection during in-circuit replacement of the defective parts. With the aim of reinforcing students with concrete understanding of the concepts of components applied in the actual test and measurement, a Computer-Based Training was developed. The proponent developed the learning modules (courseware) utilizing concept mapping and storyboarding instructional design. Developing a courseware as simulated, activity-based and interactive as possible was the primary goal to resemble the real-world process. A Local area network (LAN)-based learning management system was also developed to use in administering the learning modules. The Paired Sample T-Test based on the pre-test and post-test result was used to determine whether the students achieved learning after taking the courseware. The result revealed that there is a significant achievement of the students after studying the learning module. The E-learning content was validated by the instructors in terms of contents, activities, assessment and format with a grand weighted mean of 4.35 interpreted as Sufficient. Based from the evaluation result, supplementing with the proposed computer-based training can enhance the teaching-learning process in electronic fundamentals.

140-147

Authors: May Florence J. Franco

The study aimed to develop an online system that would expedite the response of agencies after disaster strikes; generate a list of the kinds and volume of relief aids needed per family affected for a fair, precise and timely distribution; implement community-based ICT by remotely gathering all the necessary data needed for disaster assessment; and adhere to ISO 9126 standards. The system was designed to calculate the effects of disaster in human lives and economy. Integrated into the system were Goggle Maps, Mines and GeoSciences Bureau Hazard Maps, SMS sending features, best passable routes calculations, and decision support on the needs that has to be addressed. The system was made live at pdrrmcguimaras.herokuapp.com to allow remote data entry. The functionality and usability of the system were evaluated by 19 potential users by computing for the arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of the survey. The result showed that most of them strongly agreed that the system is acceptable based on these criteria. A group of IT experts also evaluated the system’s conformance to ISO 9126 standards using the same method. The result showed that majority of them strongly agreed that the system conforms to this international standard. The system is seen as a valuable tool for the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (PDRRMC) and the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) for it could help expedite the assessment of the effects of disasters and the formulation of response plans and strategies.

154-158

Authors: Alex Y. Tiempo

The tendency in most prayers is to preempt an answer coming from God. Yet such predetermination often results to a short-sighted vision of God’s action. The mysterious dimension in this case is subsumed by man’s finite gaze of the divine. Man often “thinks” that what he asks for in prayer elicits an answer from God, in which case the latter has a “duty” to respond to the former. Thus, if man’s wish is not granted, he tends to doubt the existence of the divine. To counteract such tendency, this paper presents phenomenology as a possible explanation. First, it will analyze the problem through the Husserlian method of bracketing one’s biases or preconceived notions of God. The notion of intentionality is given as a probable cause of the usual tendency in prayers where man often “intends” according to how he perceives the divine. Next, it will apply Jean-Luc Marion’s reverse intentionality which considers that God initiates the dialog. Man’s role is simply to respond to such a call. This paper concludes that prayer or any acts attributed to God should be interpreted within the context of Marion’s reverse intentionality. The one thing that man needs to avoid is the tendency toward predetermination – that is, toward the thinking that man predetermines God’s answer. Intentionality could be a helpful guide in the phenomenological interpretation, but it is limited only to the act of bracketing previously held notions of God. It is precisely the difficulty in seeing the invisible that one needs, at most, a possible phenomenon that allows for the divine to reveal as a gift.

166-172

Authors: Guyit Ruth, Joseph Inah Akwaji, Patrick Mashingil Akos

This paper focused on the pivotal role of counseling services for parents, teachers and children with learning disabilities in primary schools with reference to Nigeria. This is with the view to educate the teachers to become more informed about what learning disabilities are and to create awareness and instill hope in the bewildered parents/guardians of children with learning disabilities to appreciate and serve as advocates for their wards. Consequently, a brief historical perspective of learning disabilities in terms of its origin, the need, characteristics and causes has been presented. It is discovered that learning disabilities is a condition with many manifestations and may be compounded by environmental factors such as the home and school. Contrary to people’s conception of the condition, individuals with learning disabilities are of above average intelligence and can be gifted and talented. The paper went further to examine specific areas of counseling services that are needed by pupils, parents and teachers of children with learning disabilities. These include but not limited to personal, social, and academic spheres. Possible challenges of providing effective guidance and counseling services in primary schools are highlighted. Among them are inadequate trained and certified counselors, poor facilities and non patronage by pupils and teachers in addition to parental ignorance. The paper then concluded with suggestions as a way forward.

180-187

Authors: Norly C. Ibones, Janryl S. Oliverio, Harryl Jay L. Ondo, Hera Filipina C. Tagpuno, Reynaldo B. Inocian

The study intended to divulge the Señor Santo Niño devotees’ lived experiences in a fluvial parade as a component of the celebration of Cebu City’s Sinulog Festival. This utilized a phenomenological studies design of the respondents’ narratives on their lived experiences in the Sinulog Fluvial Parade. A bracketing process was adapted to separate the researcher’s perspective from the respondents’ lived experiences. Fluvial Parade espoused a significant celebration in the lives of the many devotees of Señor Santo Niño. Emotional bliss and peace of mind are evident in their faces as they welcomed Señor Santo Niño in his coming through his short voyage. They come to witness this event as a means of taking part in the celebration, expressing their gratitude to all the blessings, good health and many opportunities they have received, self-commitment and strong devotion to the child Jesus Christ. Fluvial parade showcased the Cebuano faith and tradition i.e. uniquely animistic and ritualistic Filipino. Señor Santo Niño symbolized as the giver of strength and the source of support among the devotees. As a whole, fluvial parade epitomized love, peace and unity, which heaved the Cebuanos to unconditional faith, as loyal devotees of the Holy Child Jesus. It is recommended that organizers of the annual fluvial parade will retain the best features of the celebration and will continue to find better ways to improve or disseminate information for wider participation and preservation of this unique Cebuano Christian heritage.

1-5

Authors: Thae’ Zar Chi Bo, Win Myint Oo, Htet Htet, Myo Nandar Htwe

A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban community of Thanlyin Township, Yangon Region during 2014 to determine Aedes larval indices and the occurrence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) within past one year. A total of 327 households and 1491 members were included in the study. Aedes larval indices detected in this study were 25.7% for house index, 15.5% for container index and 48.0% for Breteau index. The occurrence of DHF among households and family members were 2.1% (95% CI: 0.9%, 4.4%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%), respectively. The occurrence was highest among 5 to 14 years age-group. No case was reported among persons with equal or more than 60 years of age. Mortality and case fatality rates were 0% during study period. Larval positivity among households was significantly related to sufficiency of family income and number of water container they have. Surveillance and control procedures for both DHF and vector should be intensified in urban area. Awareness and participation of the community in prevention and control of DHF should also be raised. Socioeconomic status as well as proper water supply and storage should be improved in urban area.

13-17

Authors: Oluyomi Akintunde, Grace Selzing-Musa

Insecurity is an impediment to learning. This paper focuses on environmental insecurity, learning of the Nigerian child and coping strategies. Impact of security challenges on the child’s learning include stressful studies, poor school attendance, vandalization of school buildings and production of half-baked graduates. Consequently, parents tend to withdraw their children and wards from schools while some affected students resolve on their own to put an abrupt end to their pursuit of education. Strategies for helping the Nigerian school child to cope include: positive mind-set, being security-alert, counselling, provision of security tips and gadgets/equipment as well as community and media sensitization.

28-37

Authors: Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi

The article investigates the income-expenditure relationship as reflected among the youth who are very sensitive in kind and demographic group. Due to the imbalance between population and economic growth, a large number of youth at working age in Iran are out of job and financially dependent on their parents. The research explores how the youth are facing controversies due to disequilibrium between their income and expenditure, while their lifestyles are rapidly changing and new expectations and needs emerging. The article concludes how adequate source of income and social inclusion will meet the youth's aspirations and their self-confidence. Similarly, bridging the gap between youth's income and expenditure will provide them with more dynamism, satisfaction and socio-economic development as a whole. To conduct the survey, some 555 youth samples of both genders were randomly chosen from among different districts of Tehran City, and with whom the pre-designed questionnaires were completed. The present research is based on the main hypothesis that: "reasonable permanent income determines the propensity to consume". Similarly, the research has used various relevant theoretical perspectives to prove that income factor must be ahead of expenditure, and that contributes to a well-maintaining consumption function.

51-59

Authors: ZachiaRaiza Joy S. Berdon, Edheliza L. Ragosta, Reynaldo B. Inocian, Creezz A. Manalag, Elena B. Lozano

This study aims to identify the features of Cebuano’s traditional healing practices. Specifically, it also answers the following objectives: analyze traditional healing in Cebuano’s perspectives, explain the traditional healing process practiced in terms of the traditional healers’ belief, and extrapolate perceptions of medical practitioners toward traditional healing. This study made use of qualitative approach, among five traditional healers who performed healing for not less than ten years, in the mountain barangays of Cebu City. These healers served as the primary informants who were selected because of their popularity in healing. The use of open-ended interview in local dialect and naturalistic observation provided a free listing of their verbatim accounts were noted and as primary narratives. Participation in the study was voluntary and participants were interviewed privately after obtaining their consent. The Cebuano traditional healing practices or “panambal” comprise the use of “himolso” (pulse-checking), “palakaw” (petition), “pasubay” (determining what causes the sickness and its possible means of healing), “pangalap” (searching) of medicinal plants for “palina” (fumigation), “tayhop” (gentle-blowing), “tutho” (saliva-blowing),“tuob” (boiling), “orasyon” (mystical prayers), “hilot” (massage), and “barang” (sorcery). Though traditional with medical science disapproval, it contributes to a mystical identity of Cebuano healers, as a manifestation of folk Catholicism belief, in order to do a good legacy to the community that needs help. For further study, researchers may conduct further the studies on the: curative effects of medicinal plants in Cebu, psychological effect pulse-checking healed persons by the mananambal, and unmasking the other features of traditional healing.

72-80

Authors: Catherine A. De Castro, Errol G. De Castro, Noe B. Atutubo

Information and communication technologies (ICT) such as computers, multimedia systems, productivity software, and the Internet have greatly improved the performance of different organizations and influenced higher learning institutions like Sorsogon State College (SSC) to develop and implement innovative teaching and learning methods. However, despite the many benefits of ICT when used in education, there are still faculty members who do not use these technologies for teaching. Hence, this research was conducted to assess their readiness for teaching with ICT. Findings revealed that most of the surveyed respondents were above forty-five years old, have 1-10 years of government service, and have specialization in the field of education. In terms of readiness to teach with ICT, the results disclosed that they were fairly ready along human-resource readiness, ready along technological skill readiness, and much ready along equipment readiness. Their age was not significantly related to their human resource readiness but significantly related to their technological skill and equipment readiness. The respondents’ number of years in the government was significantly related to their readiness to teach with ICT in terms of human resource, technological skill, and equipment readiness. Their field of specialization was not significantly related to their readiness to teach with ICT. Among the most identified factors why some of them do not use ICT resources were unavailability of ICT resources, lack of knowledge and lack of familiarity to ICT. The output of this research is a faculty training program to enhance their know.

91-98

Authors: Nichole M. Bristol, Joyce Anne D. Caro, Camille C. Mangaliman, Racidon P. Bernarte

Emergence of digital media has altered the way people live. People exist in a phase where the entire domain of earth is reachable. In a few clicks, individuals can contact anyone at any given time. Digital media changed the way people communicate and interact with their family and friends. Thus, this quantitative study sought to find out the digital media consumption and dependency of the Filipino youth and know its self-perceived effects on their interpersonal relationship among family and friends. The study used quantitative research approach, specifically descriptive and correlation method, to analyze the gathered data the researchers employed a survey form administered to the Filipino youth. A total of 353 Filipino youth in the College of Communication of Polytechnic University of the Philippines were randomly selected to answer the survey questions. Findings revealed that respondents have a high level of digital media usage but low level of digital media dependency. There is a positive significant correlation between the digital media consumption and digital media dependency of the respondents. Results also revealed that digital media affects the interpersonal relationship of the Filipino youth. It has more positive effects on their peer interpersonal relationship and somehow negative impact on their relationship with their family.

109-122

Authors: Jo-Anne May A. Rubio, Cara Vianca P. Pentinio, Jessa C. Ascan, Marie Cecille D. Mendoza, Jobert V. Vito, Hadge A. Encio

Conducting community service is about relationship on building communities. It is designed for personal and social development. The researchers conduct this investigation to assess the Community Extension program of the College of Business Administration (CBA) in one Private Higher Education Institution in the Philippines. The descriptive method of research utilizing the normative survey technique was employed in the study. The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents are first year level and from Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. It also shows that there are students who are not involve in any organization of the college. This study further shows that community extension program of the college was well implemented. Students were well involved in the said activities. The students can expect benefits that will help them grow to a more productive and efficient students and member of the community. Moreover, there are also some expected problems in joining this kind of activity like funds, location and the logistics. The extension programs may continue to move on and reach out for the sustainable development of the students and community.

1-6

Authors: Roy C. Ferrer, Dexter R. Buted, Irma Mirasol C. Ferrer

The study determined predictors of LET performance of BSEd Science graduates of the four state universities in Region I in the September 2013 Licensure Examination for Teachers using descriptive-correlation method and documentary analysis. It found that graduates were young, dominated by female with high school average grade of 88.731, college entrance average percentage score of 59.1%, and majority attended review classes.The overall academicperformance was 1.995 while the overall LET performance was77.59. Majority passed the LET. Gender, high school average grade, college entrance score, attendance to review class and academic performance significantly predict LET performance. The regression model equation is Y = 0.153a + 0.257b – 10.767c + 1.105d – 5.459e + 75.976 with a margin of error of  4.26 where Y is LET rating; the constant is 75.976; a is college entrance test score; and b, c, d, e are averages in high school, general education, professional education, and major, respectively. Thus, in the event that male and female applicants are tied along admission requirements, males be given due consideration. Universities need to intensify admission requirements and retention policies. School administrators must provide their graduates with review classes. Faculty members should prepare examinations based on the LET examination format.

16-28

Authors: Raquel C. Pambid

The Rapid Reduction of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality is a health system responsive to the needs of all mothers and children. While various efforts are being undertaken to improve the implementation of maternal health program among pregnant women and immunization for children, there is a slow take up of these services. Factors influencing the slow demand for MCC services among mothers and children are not fully known. Factors hindering the delivery of these services need to be probed. This study used the descriptive method of research to describe the responses of mothers about the factors influencing slow availment of Maternal and Child Care Services. There were 396 mothers in Region 1 who willingly participated during focused group discussion. The highly availed services by mothers were: 1. pre-natal service, 2. Immunization, and 3. Family planning. Health services availed by the respondents’ children were: 1. Management of childhood illness, 2. Immunization, and 3. Infant and young feeding. The mothers’ deep concern for her baby’s safety and health; free but limited medical services from competent health workers; inadequate supplies and equipment; distance to the nearest health facility, family income, mothers’ education and dialect for communication influenced delivery of the program. To increase the utilization of MCC services, government hospitals should give free complete MCC services to the poor, the mothers should be informed about the benefits of complete maternal services for her baby and herself, enhance dissemination campaign through leaflets, flyers, pamphlets, and seminars.

36-44

Authors: Amado C. Ramos

Institutions of higher learning across the nation are responding to political, economic, social and technological pressures to be more responsive to students' needs and more concerned about how well students are prepared to assume future societal roles. This study aimed to determine the methods and teaching strategies used by the PSU – CTE faculty members of Bayambang Campus, Bayambang, Pangasinan during the first semester of the school year 2013-2014. The descriptive-correlational method of research was employed in this study where it involved the collection of pertinent data in order to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study. Majority of the faculty members are females, they are master’s degree holders, have a permanent position with an academic rank of instructor, and most of the faculty members are graduate of SUCs. They also have high attitude toward teaching; generally, the faculty members perceived themselves to be often in using teaching approaches and teaching methods; and sometimes in using teaching techniques/styles, instructional support activities, and non-formal activities; and no significant relationships exist between the faculty members’ profile variables and their level of pedagogical approaches in teaching approaches, teaching methods, teaching techniques/styles, non-formal activities and instructional support activities. Teachers should be encouraged to pursue/finish higher education, likewise they should be motivated to conduct research studies like action researches as part of their functions, particularly along their area of specialization. Teachers should be encouraged to explore and view other effective teaching strategies and find more ways to entice other students challenge themselves to create their own strategies to use in the field and to become more global in perspective. The use computer technology can be an effective teaching strategy, especially when students are given information specific to their own situation rather than general information.

54-61

Authors: Rosemarie DC Gonzales, Dexter R. Buted

Climate change has started to significantly affect agriculture and rural landscapes. The Province of Pangasinan including Bayambang is highly vulnerable to natural disaster like flood (NSO, 2010). Farming is one of the sources of income and considering the status of the lands cultivated by the farmers, tenancy and income on invested capital, this study described the economic status of farmers in Tanolong, identified their needs and at the same time address to the fourth fold program of Pangasinan State University which is the extension and community service through a proposed Contingency Logistic Plan as intervention measures to create awareness and prepare farmers relative to climate change. The study used the descriptive method of research. It was found out that farmers have minimal capital that resulted to adverse effect on their income; do not own the land cultivated, there is poor production; and decreased the number of harvested crops .The used fertilizers does not guarantee good production of crops. The fruit bearing trees are out of season due to climate change. The crops were damaged by off season-flood and heavy rains. Climate change brought destruction to crops which could not easily adapt to the soil and strange insects appeared accompanied by disease. Thus, there is a need to partake a Contingency Logistic Plan that serves as the planning framework for the farmers on production, capital flows, control system, communication required in today’s farming environment.

72-79

Authors: Dianne Bautista Solis, Elna R. Lopez

The study identified the profile of the single working mothers in terms of number of children, number of years as a single parent and reason for being a single parent; assessed the single mothers’ stress level and adversity quotient; determined the significant difference of stress level and adversity quotient of single mothers when grouped according to profile variables; determined the best predictor of stress level and adversity quotient. Moreover this research endeavoured to test significant relationship between the adversity quotient and stress level of single working mothers. Lastly, it proposed a stress management program for single working mothers for them to cope with their stress and adversities in life. The researcher employed quantitative method using standardized questionnaires namely Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) and Adversity Response Profile (ARP). The respondents were twenty five (25) single working mothers of the students of Batangas State University. From the results, majority of the respondents have 3 children, widow and in early years as single parent; with a normal level of stress and an average adversity quotient.. There are no significant differences on the stress level and adversity quotient of the respondents when grouped according to profile variables. Finally, stress level has no significant effect on adversity quotient of single working mothers. From the findings, the researcher further recommends that the Office of Guidance and Counseling should update the student information database to determine students with a single working mother. The Parent-Teacher Association may form a single-parent subgroup for the single working mothers to be able to identify to other mothers with same situation. Moreover, the proposed stress management program may be reviewed and implemented by the Office of Guidance and Counseling in coordination with the Parent-Teacher Association of Batangas State University. Future researchers may conduct further studies using other measures for stress level and adversity quotient or they may focus on the children of single working mothers.

94-104

Authors: Abner B. Tupas

This study was conducted to develop and assess the LPU-B High School website as perceived by the faculty members and selected staff and students in terms of content, efficiency, functionality and usability. It also sought to test the significant difference in the assessment of the two groups of respondents; and to propose measures to enhance the website. The applications were built in the web. It comprises of three aspects: a database component, the use of a programming/scripting language, the design and implementation of the graphical user interface (GUI). The user interface was written primarily in Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) and Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) and is accessible via any web browser. The processing application handles request/tasks performed by the user on the server side using PHP content management system technology. The server then returns the appropriate information from the database. The data storage is in the form of relational databases using MySQL that stores data needed by the application in its tables. All components of the application, which include the user interface, processing scripts and database reside on the server. The website Uniform resource locator (URL) is hs.lpubatangas.edu.ph.

110-115

Authors: Rene B. De Vera, Irene A. De Vera, Raul Dela Peña

Mollusks are predominantly found inmangrove ecosystems. Nowadays, these are declining due to habitat disturbances. This study was conducted in Western, Pangasinan, with mangrove rehabilitation projects under Community Based Forest Management Agreement. Four mangrove rehabilitation areas were looked into: Pilar and Victory, Bolinao; and Awile and Tori-tori, Anda, Pangasinan. Purposive sampling was done in selecting the mangrove rehabilitation areas. Ten percent sampling of the areas using the belt transect quadrat method was employed. Diversity, dominance , richness and evenness indices for mollusks were determined. Mann Whitney test, Student’s t-test and Kruskal Wallis test were used. A total of fourteen kinds of mollusks species were identified. The species were Tectusfenestratus (fenestrate top), Terebraliasulcata (Sulcate swamp perith), Haliotisovinagemelin (oval abalone), Neritaplanospiraanton (flat spired nerite), Clithionoualensis(dubious nerite), Fasciolaria trapezium (trapezium horse conch), Nasarriuspullus (ribbed dog whelk), Trochusmaculatus (maculated top), Rhinoclavisvertagus (Common vertagus ), Telescopium telescopium (Telescope Snail), Isognomonephippium (saddle tree oyster) Crassostriairedali (slipper oyster), Strombuslabiatus (Plicate conch) and Polymesodaexpansa (Yellowish mangrove clam). The highest mollusks species diversity and richness indeces were observed in Victory, Bolinao. Mollusks species dominance and evenness indeces were highest in Pilar, Bolinao and Tori-tori, Anda, respectively. The study revealed a significant difference in the probability of gathering mollusks species in the four mangrove rehabilitation areas. It is recommended that fisherfolkand coastal communities be educated about the need for mollusks conservation and habitat protection. It is expected that this study may provide light to future research on mangrove fauna particularly mollusks in Pangasinan.

120-125

Authors: Catalina C. Platon

The stethoscope is an acoustic medical device for auscultation where human ear plays significant part. Long before doctors practiced immediate auscultation meaning placing ear directly on patient’s body by Salinsky (1990), then monaural introduced by Laennec; later binaural, Comins’s invention and Cammann developed further. Several decades numerous innovations made predominantly over chestpiece some had drawbacks. Dr Littman introduced teaching stethoscope with two headset and researcher utilized as prior art.Experimental research method used and the study aimed to determine accuracy and measurement of speed of the device in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and acceptability of user. The subjects were 19 clients and 27 nursing students, government /private registered nurses. The device are comparable to single binaural stethoscope in accuracy performance; speed of sound, former is slightly higher than the latter but still considered as normal; the device are acceptable to users; the utility model have no significant difference in accuracy performance and speed measurements of systolic and diastolic. The utility model may be tried in any acoustic activities and may be pilot tested to the Universities animal science courses, veterinary medicine other Colleges of Nursing and all health allied courses.

1-11

Authors: Juvy G. Mojares

This study aimed to determine the construct of extension from the university faculty perspective and the relationship between demographic profile and extension involvement. Twenty-eight faculty members were purposively selected with considerations such as employment status (contractual, temporary and permanent), at least four years in service, and present on that day of distribution of questionnaire forms. Both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS program and Wordle application were used to analyze data. Results showed that 58% of the respondents are female; 54% are contractual; 1-10 years in service; 1-5 years in doing extension with 1-5 extension involvement commonly gift-giving and clean- up drive; gender is related to extension involvement; there is a substantial positive relationship between employment status and extension involvement; only 41% of the variance in extension involvement can be attributed to the combined effect of years in service and years in doing extension; nature of extension is service; the purpose of extension is formative; and the level of engagement is already engaged. Based on the obtained results, the study concluded that there are more female contractual faculty members involved in extension activities; gender, employment status, years in service and years in doing extension are related to number of extension involvement of faculty members; the construct of extension is perceived as HEIs’ function to help the needs and in the development of the community since extension is still on the nature of service with formative purpose. Yet, they agree that university extension is already engaged.

16-26

Authors: George P. Compasivo

The main objective of this study was to develop competency standards for Industrial Technology graduates for employment in the construction industry in Region IV-A, Philippines. It specifically identified the basic and core competency standards for industrial technology and determined the degree of importance of competencies needed in the construction industry sector. The study identified 28 common competencies for three areas of specializations in industrial technology namely: electrical, civil and drafting technology. There were 39 core competencies for electrical, 31 for drafting and 38 items for civil technology. A total of 50 panel of experts were carefully selected using the purposive sampling as respondents in the study. Experts are selected based on their technical know-how or proficiency and currently practicing their line of profession in the construction industry. The study used the descriptive-developmental method of research. The Delphi technique was applied to determine if the competency under investigation reached the general agreement of opinions by the panel of experts involved. The findings implied that the newly developed competency standards were good input for curriculum enhancement in the area of civil, drafting and electrical technology. The study recommended the newly developed competencies may be followed by the faculty in the course they teach and the new competency items suggested by the panel of experts for inclusion in the curriculum for the three areas of specializations may be considered during the curriculum revision.

36-44

Authors: Benita Manugas, Maylen Recto, Denise Meriel Sollano, Reynaldo B. Inocian, Rebecca Leslie J. Cabras

This study described the tartanilla’s existence in Cebu as a mode of transportation centuries ago. To answer this, the following objectives are raised: describe a Cebuano tartanilla, determine its significance to Cebu’s local history, analyze its enduring utilization in an urban environment, identify the challenges as a form of transportation and trade, and generate mechanisms how itsstakeholders resolve the identified challenges.The study utilizedan ethnographic design with naturalistic observation, interviews of key informants (KIs), field notes, and photographsas appropriate means for collecting information. The KIs comprised eightkuchero or tartanilla drivers identified through a snowball sampling to be known as KIks (key informant kucheros), in order to get the emic or inside views, and another eight KIps (key informant pasaheros) were selected, through a convenient sampling, in order to get the etic or outside views.Tartanilla symbolized a century old transportation heritage of the Cebu with the kuchero and the pasahero, as living witnesses along the narrow streets of Cebu City, Philippines then and now. This means of transportation used to be a luxury vehicle among the affluent members of Cebuano society in the past. As time went by, the tartanilla, regarded by the local government of Cebu as a means of transportation; but its status was introduced to simple means of transportation among the average masses in the Cebuano community. The pasahero’s interest in saving for money resulted in the existence of the tartanilla. Being a kuchero reflected a sentimental value in inheriting the job handed down across his generations. Part of his inheritance handed on him is the cart and the horse from his family. Though, driving a tartanilla met various problems, it has been a sustainable job for a kuchero to undertake for the daily subsistence. Its significance to the Cebuano history and culture, created an identity worthy of appreciation and preservation among the culture and heritage enthusiasts.

51-58

Authors: Rodin M. Paspasan

The study aimed to determine which approach in the teaching of Mathematics allowed students to achieve a higher mathematical performance and to establish the learning styles of the students to showed greater confidence on a written posttest - the self-paced modular approach or the structured lecture demonstration based approach. The instruments used in the study are Trigonometry Achievement Test (PTAT) designed by the researcher and the Grasha - Reichmann Student Learning Style Survey. Hence. the result shows on the test of significant difference on the respondents learning styles and level of performance established independent learning conditions and demonstrate remarkably higher mathematical performance, respectively. In the light of the statistical analysis and the findings of the study, it could be generalized that SPMA made the students learning styles more independent because they prefer to work at their own pace. Hence, SPMA help them also improve their level of performance in relation to plane trigonometry regardless of their mathematical abilities compared to structured approach. Along these lines, the subsequent recommendations are presented for consideration: The teachers should use collective learning style inventories so that students remain interested throughout their mathematics course. And should use SPMA in teaching trigonometry and other disciplines in the field of mathematics.

66-73

Authors: Ronaldo F. Frufonga, Vilma S. Sulleza

This study attempted to evaluate the quality of life of Muslim traders in Iloilo City. They have traded in this city and resided in its vicinity for several years after migrating from Lanao del Sur when martial law was declared by the then President of the Republic of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos in 1972. Most of these Muslim traders were Maranaos who fled and found their way to the peaceful city of Iloilo. The respondents in the study were the 63 Muslim traders in Iloilo City who were selected through convenience sampling method. In addition, data were gathered for the year 2013-2014. The data gathering instrument was adopted from the Quality of Life Index (QLI) generic version III subjected to computer-process and graphically displayed the weighted mean scores of the total quality of life and subdomains using the boxplot presentation. The results revealed that the weighted mean scores for the overall quality of life with all subdomains of the respondents were above 15. This means that Muslim traders perceived the quality of their life as extremely good while they establish their business in the city. Further, they have accepted and established their current condition in Iloilo City especially on health and functioning, economic status, psychological and spiritual and family domains.

82-86

Authors: Ronald O. Ocampo, Normalina P. Usita

Charcoal has been used for healing various diseases, as antidote to poisoning and as purifying agent to filtered water. This study is conducted to utilize charcoal as additives in making cakes. Specifically, it is intended to determine the acceptable level of charcoal when used as additives in the production of brownies, dark brown chocolate, and chiffon cakes. It can be concluded that an addition of 1 tablespoon of bamboo charcoal gave the highest sensory evaluation to brownies and 3 tablespoon to dark brown chocolate .The control ( no charcoal added is still the best treatment for chiffon cake.

96-102

Authors: David. I. Takor, Clement O. Iji, and Benjamin. O. Abakpa

This paper sees interest as a mother of attention and prerequisite for meaningful learning that if generated and sustain in students’ study of algebra will positively affect their study of mathematics in general. Thus, the paper examined the effect of mathematical manipulatives on Upper Basic Education One students’ interest in algebra. Two research questions were asked and two research hypotheses formulated and tested. Algebra Interest Inventory (AII), a 30-item instrument was developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated by five experts, two in mathematics education, one in measurement and evaluation and two mathematics teachers. The reliability of AII was computed using Cronbach Alpha (

111-118

Authors: Elenor M. Reyes, Arnold D. Arellano, John Paolo B. Dela Vega, Joriel R. Jimenez, Rupert John C. Quindong

Poultry is a great potential industry particularly in Batangas Province. The method of feeding chicken needs to be considered as chicken must be fed regularly to be more productive. The conventional method of feeding chicken is the need to continuously provide the food, be alert and conscious on the food remaining in cages and to feed the chickens in a correct period of time to avoid the decline of the production. Growers also find it difficult to manage their businesses effectively because they need to be around the cages every now and then to monitor the poultry. Timing and exactness are the key to provide a uniform time in feeding the chickens. This will benefit the owner of the business in terms of time and effort. Another advantage of this project is in terms of savings to the owner of the poultry business. This technology was designed to automatically feed chickens at a given period of time and to give alarm when the feeds are running out of supply. The power to be supplied to this prototype will be drawn from the sun by means of solar panels and will be stored in typical car battery. The feeds will be stored in a container and evenly distributed by using a conveyor to the feeding basin of the poultry. It will be more efficient than manual conventional way of feeding because less effort will be needed in feeding the chickens and less feeds will be wasted. In addition to that, the stored power can also be used for lighting purposes for the growers to save energy and energy bills.

127-134

Authors: Jo-Mari T. Llamoso, Bryan Harley C. Babaran, Rachel P. Ebreo, Lein Aira M. Hernandez, Jovit C. Mahia

Bioethanol is a form of quasi-renewable energy produced from common agricultural crops like cassava, corn, potato and sugarcane. In order to improve the conversion process, Simultaneous Saccharification-Fermentation process was developed. Saccharification and fermentation are done simultaneously in order to decrease enzymatic end-product inhibition thus producing a better yield. Such process involves the use of bioreactor for controlling parameters like temperature and pH where enzymes can perform its best. In this study, Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation-Distillation apparatus was designed and developed mainly for the production of bioethanol from cornstarch. The design was based on the idea that there existed so many studies about biomass conversion to bioethanol, but still the country’s modern technology could not suffice the completion of such bioreactor. Design considerations were brought up to enhance the performance of the apparatus. The efficiency of the prototype was measured by comparing the %ethanol obtained from the prototype to that from the laboratory scale. Results from the laboratory experiment and the prototype testing were 6.48%, 6.76% and 7.43%, 9.53% respectively. The mean percent ethanol of the prototype exceeded the mean percent ethanol of the laboratory sample thus proving its efficiency. Temperature ranges during saccharification and fermentation process was resolved thus improving both the yield and process efficiency. Also, the manual laboratory experiment was a laborious and uncontrolled one while the prototype was easy to use and had the capacity to measure and control all the important parameters of the process.

139-150

Authors: Teodorica G. Ani

Economic activity requires a streamlined regulatory environment and effectual policies that are transparent and accessible to all. The study aimed to explain the effect of ease of doing business to economic growth among selected economies in Asia for the year 2014. The study covered 29 economies in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Ease of doing business is determined by the ten Doing Business indicators (DBI) of the World Bank. In the study, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was used as the proxy variable for economic growth. Descriptive research was the research design used. Multiple regression determined the effect of doing business to economic growth. Compared to other economies, Singapore has the best regulatory performance. It achieved the easiest to do business to five indicators, namely, Starting Business, Registering Property, Protecting Investors, Trading Across Borders, and Enforcing Contracts. In addition, China showed the highest economic growth. The study found out that the variations in ease of doing business was explained by dealing with construction permits, getting credit, registering property and trading across borders. Dealing with construction permits and getting credit have negative effect to Gross Domestic Product while registering property and trading across borders have positive effect. Trading across borders greatly affect gross domestic product among selected countries in Asia. The research proposed inputs to policy which may increase the awareness of local government units of different economies on the simplification of the policies of the different components used in measuring doing business.

160-166

Authors: Neres Ann S. Manguiat, Ovette C. Marco, Catherine Mae N. Miranda, Krizzalyn O. Moren, Rhonel L. Recio, Rejie C. Magnaye

Synthesis gas formation which can be transformed to useful compounds through biomass gasification is perceived as one promising process of biofuel production. A construction, design and development of an efficient and small-scale wood-fired gasifier prototype was made at Batangas State University. This study included the costs and specifications of materials, the design, components and percent conversion of the biomass to syngas by obtaining the amount of the residue. Set of operating conditions were determined so as to achieve a good performance of the gasifier; otherwise it adversely affected the operation of the prototype. The gasifier operates in a condition in which the air flow rate is 560 - 610 cm3/min wherein the valve is half-open and the blower is turned on after 20 seconds. The gasifier will be closed after a minute of start-up. With these conditions, the gasifier works accordingly to a smooth operation. Syngas was composed of methane (2.32 % volume), carbon dioxide (10 % volume), carbon monoxide and minimal amount of hydrogen. Two (2) kg of woodchips with 90.75% conversion was the best amount of feed suited for the operation of the gasifier. This innovation comprises a method which efficiently converts the feedstock thereby enhancing the energy of the syngas produced with by-products at minimum acceptable value. The wood-fired gasifier will be a very helpful tool in contributing to the resolution of pressing social and environmental problems such as energy security and local agricultural waste pollution.

167-171

Authors: Michael Olarewaju Ogundele, Bitrus Dambo Gyot, Gambo Maurice Bwoi

The paper examined the strategies for managing ethical issues for enhancing research integrity in Nigerian educational system. The paper therefore looked at the concepts of ethics and research integrity, the unethical issues being perpetrated among various authors during their research conducts. The reasons why the various authors perpetrate unethical attitudes in their educational research conducts in Nigeria educational. The need to promote ethical value orientation in the conduct or researches in Nigerian. The strategies for resolving ethical issues in research conduct were advocated. It was however recommended among others that ethical value orientation should be integrated into the teaching-learning of research methods in Nigerian higher education. It was however concluded that effective management of ethical issues in the educational research will surely enhance research integrity in the educational research in Nigeria and at the global level.

178-185

Authors: Seth B. Barandon

A government project to be worthy of financing should be geared towards generating not only income but also social and economic benefits to various stakeholders.This descriptive-survey assessed the socio-economic feasibility of the establishment of an extension campus of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges in Balatan, Camarines Sur. It determined the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their perceived benefits for the residents of Balatan, business sector, local government unit, and the prospective enrolees in Balatan. Convenience sampling was used for the 106 respondents chosen randomly. Data were gathered thru interview using 3-item guide. Follow-up questions were posed to elicit information that will support prior answers. Data were organized and quantified using percentage. Results revealed that the perceived benefits are opportunity for employment within Balatan, prospect to establish new business, and increase in tax collection. Additionally, other benefits identified are the increase in literacy rate, development of tourism industry, and opportunity for infrastructure development. The proposed project will significantly contribute to the social and economic development of Balatan.