Ancient Sumy Land

5-12

Authors: Iakimova Antonina

The article focuses on the scientific and epistolary heritage of the famous philosopher, historian, ethnographer and public figure Mykhailo Dragomanov. The attention is focused on the Bulgarian period of his life (1889-1895). Characterized by a collection of documents, materials and epistolary Drahomanov composed of separate funds of the central and regional state archives in Bulgaria, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Scientific Archive Historical Archive of the National Library of Saints Cyril and Methodius. Concluded that there was a large complex in Bulgaria variety of sources of scientific heritage of Drahomanov. Key words: archive, Bulgaria, Drahomanov, scientific heritage, library, I.Shishmanov, epistolary.

19-28

Authors: Nikitin M.Y.

The author examines the causes, content and consequences of the County Reform 1890 Shows the relationship between the intensification of the political struggle in the 70th - 80th years of the XIX century in the Russian Empire and the reforms of Alexander III. It is proved that the official authorities saw the territorial bodies of self-government as the cell of the opposition movement. That's why conservatives have urged the government to correct the mistakes those were made during the preparation and implementation of reforms 60th - 70th of the XIX century. The conservative circles desired to limit the power of territorial self-government, caused concern and uncertainty in some Zemstvoes. As the result, the interest to the County work was loss. In the 80th - 90th of the XIX century the ideas to strengthen the principle of centralization and autocratic became more common in the ruling circles. Distrust from the part of the ruling circles to the regional authority organs has increased due to the gradual loss of its leading position in the nobility of individual Zemstvo assemblies, which ousted members of the bourgeoisie. To strengthen the position of its main ally in the countryside, the nobility, the Conservatives called the government and the emperor to amend Status 1864. The Status 1890 contained changed the electoral system. Members had to be selected in the Zemstvo election meetings and polling township meetings. At meetings was elected only authorized to Zemstvo election meetings. Social estates constituencies were restored. Voting by proxy was forbidden. Representatives of the rural bourgeoisie ran from village meetings. Members from rural societies chose parish gathering. The governor argued among elected representatives the necessary number of vowels from the peasants. The new electoral system ensured the predominance of the privileged classes of the unprivileged. The number of persons who had been involved in the formation of zemstvo was reduction. There were restrictions on a national basis. The situation did not allow for the election of the Jews. Rural electoral colleges were canceled, members appointed by the governor from among the candidates elected rural municipality gatherings. The principle of election councils was destroyed. Zemstvo reform of 1890 almost no impact to the volume of the competence of provincial and district zemstvo. Status provided to zemstvoes right to make binding decisions. Law forbade Zemstvo County Council acted with petitions to the government. Redistribution of powers between the district and provincial zemstvo in favor of the latter had been. The greatest attention the power gave to the issue of non-politicization zemstvoes. Local governments should monitor the activities of self-governing Zemstvo institutions. Zemstvo began to turn into another "superior" superstructure existed due to additional levies from the population. In such a situation Zemstvo lost interest in his duties or even ignore the zemstvo meetings. Formation of apathy to the local businesses was a result of variety limitations self-governing institutions, restrictions in the economic sphere. Gradual functions complication was exercised by the Zemstvo, influenced by their structure. To improve the efficiency of their work local self-government initiated the creation of various commissions and departments. When solving urgent issues Zemstvo tried to cover the whole range of problems of their regions. There were attempts at a systematic approach in dealing with economic, health and educational problems. All this had a positive impact on the daily life of the population Zemstvo province during this period. Key words: reform of 1890, the electoral system, local administration, competence, members, committee, departments.

37-42

Authors: Yepik L.I.

The author of the article gives the documents which weren’t published earlier. These documents show practical directions of translation into Ukrainian language the activity of the Soviet staff (machinery) in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. The materials from the archives notice about strengthening of attention to preparing, up-bringing and putting out the staff of the native nationality into the staff of the party and state bodies, bringing teaching of the Ukrainian language at schools, organization of cultural – educational establishments, publication of books, newspapers and magazines in Ukrainian language and the language of the national minorities. In fact, it was a complex program in fundamental teaching of Ukrainian language, learning Ukrainian literature, history and geography. Some months’ courses for learning Ukrainian language and Ukraine’s Studies were created for state personalities. Sometimes these courses existed formally, though their visitors could be discharged from their working places in case of failing this exam. At the beginning of such courses many party and economic employees attend them only sometimes. Their reports also were not given in Ukrainian. Nevertheless strong and persistent policy in the sphere of language gave its certain positive results. The documents say that at the beginning of 20 the XX century Ukrainian language confirmed its position in all spheres of public life in Ukraine.The study of the history of Ukraine contributed to the formation. national consciousness. Key words: ukrainization, workshop Ukrainian, history of Ukraine, national morale.

54-64

Authors: Yakowenko H. Н.

Analysing the dynamics of fluidity of shots it is visible in woman gymnasia, that to find position in educational establishment it was enough problematic. In the woman gymnasia of teacher with the rank of "domestic" made a more than half from all personnel of pedagogical collective. It goes to show that this part of teachers held positions long time, not changing job. Places were not freed long time, candidates on position expected in a turn. Domestic teachers called to guidance of gymnasia, ready to expect liberation of any position. The protracted teaching experience of swingeing majority of domestic teachers testifies that they dedicated considerable part of life to the work. Except calling, material reasons(also pension system) induced firmly to hold on to position, not taking break on arranging of the personal life. Among the veterans of labour are widows and unmarried women. The intermediate and final analysis of lists of domestic teachers, that worked in gymnasia, showed that the professional group of domestic teachers had had a very low level of labour mobility. In relation to professional mobility, then teachers promoted the qualifying level very rarely and had an initial level of pedagogical education. Obviously, he fully satisfied to the requirements to pedagogical preparation. Eyelids working mainly presented 30 more than. In relation to the social state, then domestic teachers were not only representatives of the local nobility, although them there was majority. Local noblewomen from the known families actively carried on educational activity. The representatives of petty bourgeois, merchants and families of priests, having a certificate of domestic teacher, carried on pedagogical activity. Keywords: domestic teachers, gymnasia, Sumy

77-91

Authors: Artyukh Vyacheslav

Points Sumy region (Ukraine) protest public moods phenomena and nonconformity during the communist authoritarian regime in 1955-1990 are described in the article. Folksy and dissident aspects of Fronde were educed, as is the case, its constituents: “seditious conversations”, postals and inscriptions distributions, “samizdat” (underground press), creation of underground organizations. Key words: nonconformity, disidens, Sumy’s region, harassment.

99-104

Authors: Myronchuk A.S.

Recently, in modern historiography there is increasing of researcher’s attention to issues of social history and spiritual aspects of society and, at the same time, to historical sources of personal origin. We can say that the creative heritage of Antonii Florovsky (1884 – 1968) is reflected in the literature. As for the historian’s biography, despite a number of biographical researches it hasn’t covered in full. And therefore it is actual to involve in scientific use little-known facts about A. Florovsky which will clarify and supplement the historiography information. In this article an attempt of reconstruction of the biography of Professor of Novorosiysk University A. V. Florovsky based on little-known information about protecting his master’s thesis was made. Antonii Florovsky declared himself as a historian first of all by his works on the history of the Legislative Commission of 1767. To obtain a master’s degree in Russian history at Moscow University, he presented his work “The composition of the legislative commission of 1767 – 1774”, performed under the supervision of Professor I. Lynnychenko and which was a logical continuation of previous researches. Some questions on the Legislative Commission were investigated in this work in a new way and involving a huge number of unpublished archival materials. A. Florovsky first introduced the organization of the Commission as a quite serious political act, which had not equalled the hopes of hope power. At that time it was a significant research innovation. Very interesting information on A. Florovsky master’s thesis defense are in diary of historian Mykchailo Bogoslovsky (1867 – 1929) – Professor of Moscow University, from 1921 Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who together with his colleague and friend Professor of History and Philology of Moscow University Yuri Gauthier was an official reviewer of master’s work of A. Florovsky. For example of doctoral dissertation we can observe the way how the Legislative commission becomes one of the main topics of scientific creations of A. Florovsky. A diary of Mykchailo Bogoslovsky allows to trace the role of M. Bogoslovsky in the development of the future historian and reveals a little known page biography of A. Florovsky. The relationship of thesis respondent and his opponent we can trace not only infrastructure but also personal contacts between Ukrainian historians and academicians of St. Petersburg (Russian) Academy of Sciences in the early decades of the twentieth century. The personal factor was paramount in the relations between M. Bogoslovsky and A. Florovsky. Usually M. Bogoslovsky notes are laconic, but very informative. The diary M. Bogoslovsky demonstrates his ability to rejoice achievements of other people, joining of talented young people to scientific environment. Quite so it was towards A. Florovsky. The notes of M. Bogoslovsky taken during 1915 – 1916 indicated his serious and responsible attitude to the opposing thesis. Indicative in this respect is the M. Bogoslovsky positive attitude to A. Florovsky, despite the fact that the latter was a student of I. Lynnychenko, wereof M. Bogoslovsky has not too high opinion. Master’s thesis of A. Florovsky get a good review of the second opponent - Prof. Yu. Gauthier. In 1916 master’s thesis of A. Florovsky “Structure of Legislative commision 1767 – 1774” was awarded Uvarov Prize of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Many famous and respected historians were the winners of this Prize. Not all aspects of the biography of A. Florovsky are reflected in the above mentioned facts, but we can surely say about the prospects of further information sources search and materials about the life and creative work of one of the brightest representatives of national historical science. Key words: biography, dispute doctoral, master's thesis, the Legislative Commission of 1767.

141-142

Authors: Власенко В.М.

З ІСТОРІЇ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В БОЛГАРІЇ

5-13

Authors: Balukh V. О.

The article considers the process of urbanization of Polish society, the causes of political weakness of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and evolution of conditions during the 15th - 17th centuries. Special attention is paіd to the policy of Polish nobles concerning town centers. The author analyses the causes of specific role of Gdansk in terms of agriculture and political life of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

28-35

Authors: Volkova О. Yu.

The article analyzes the publications of Russian historians of the XIX-XXI centuries, who turned to the topic of the Polish movement in Right-Bank Ukraine in the first quarter of the XIX century. The aim of the given paper is the analysis of historiographical heritage associated with the study of the problems of the Polish nobility motion in Right-Bank Ukraine. This analysis makes it possible to trace the study of problems by Russian historians and identify the main approaches and concepts.

46-51

Authors: Lemish N. O.

In the article is made an analysis of the scientific work of F. Rusanov as a source of documental research; clarified its significance for the development of the science of the document. The study focuses on the first attempt to unify the process of creation and organization of work with documents; it develops the early theories of documentation as the fundamental framework for management documents. It is generalized the rules of workflow, analyzed the species composition of the documents of the institutions, defined the common in their structure and the organization of work with them. Individual cases of practice working with documents is brought up to a certain theoretical level - scientific documental analysis, which is a valuable scientific basis for theoretical documental research and identifying further ways of development of documentation processes today.

61-77

Authors: Malyarchuk О. M.

This article deals with the stages of economic development of the region from traditional crafts to factory type companies and modern production association. It analyzes the history of origination and formation of the chemical industry in the process of development of salt production, potassium salts discovery, the foundation on this basis the first joint-stock companies in the times of the Austrian Empire and the "Carpathians’ chemical industry giant" of the twentieth century - the "Hlorvinil".

92-99

Authors: Korol V. M.

The article investigates the material base conditions of Labour Reserves educational institutions during the economic recovery of the Ukrainian SSR after World War II. The author made an attempt to analyze the level of different premises and technical equipment provision of factory training and vocational schools. The sources and ways to replenish the respective constituents of material base have been clarified. Most of the prewar Labour Reserves buildings were strongly affected by the hostilities and the deliberate destruction. The institutions got dilapidated buildings in destroyed cities. It resulted in a significant delay of the full training process start. Given the critical status of the overall economy, the government tried to save on Labour Reserves system and carry out reconstruction with minimal investment. The main immediate cause of recovery and repair delay in most schools was a shortage of building materials. All urgent repairs were carried out by students and teachers of factory training and vocational schools and partly by basic enterprises employees. The huge problem was overcrowding as large buildings were very few. The classroom fund was extremely lacking. There were too little places in hostels. At the beginning of the restoration of the Labour Reserves network almost all prewar technical equipment of educational institutions were removed during the evacuation, destroyed or plundered by invaders or by looters. Most of the base units of technical equipment were transferred to educational institutions by basic enterprises after cessation of hostilities. Industrial managers were doing it as a volunteer, and also under pressure from government and party organs. But usually training workshops received obsolete and worn out equipment with limited suitability that needs repair or full restoration. Much attention was given to the independent manufacturing of various technological tools and accessories and own machinery products. Expansion of own production and turning it into a massive faced with a number of insurmountable obstacles that nullify all optimistic plans.

107-116

Authors: Savchenko S. V.

The article deals with the activities of Olena Apanovich in the study and preservation of ukrainian cossacks' memorials on the territory of the former Zaporizka Sich in late 1980 - early 1990. Researcher's organizational efforts and her participation in expeditions organized by the magazine "Sights of Ukraine" "Zaporizka Sich: destroyed and survived" in 1989 and 1990 are analyzed. The complex nature of expeditions and the significant public comment on the expedition are pointed. Olena Apanovich became a scientific supervisor of the expedition. Cossacks' memorials in several regions of Ukraine: in the places of siches, palankas, zymivnykys and Khortytsia island were investigated. O. Apanovich and the members of the expedition attracted public's attention to the serious condition of monuments of Motronynskyi monastery, memorials of Kholodnyi Yar, Nikopol museum, I. Sirko's grave and to the places of the most important of cossacks' battles. The expedition in 1990 began with the investigation of memorials of Nehvoroshchi Poltava region and recorded a significant number of unsatisfying condition of museum monuments. Overall the activities of Olena Apanovich in the study and preservation of ukrainian cossacks' memorials put this issue as one of the main Ukrainian national revival in late 1980 - early 1990.

123-144

Authors: Osadchyi Yu. H.

Monograph of Doctor of History, Professor of Ukrainian Academy of Banking Yurii Grigorovich Osadchyi

1-7

Authors: Vеprіv Roman

The article analyzes the mechanism of executive staff, agricultural specialists and mass professions, omissions and achievement in politics of the party in the village.

22-35

Authors: Vlasenko V. N.

Ukrainian political interwar immigration in to South-East Europe arose after the World War 1 and the Revolution 1917-20. The key figures of its formation became mainly those who landed there in result of the evacuation of the Russian movement Generals Denikin and Vrangel and members of the UPR Army that crossed Romanian border. The second wave emigre is determined through three core phases. This article describes the second wave emigre, taking place in winter-spring 1920. The second wave emigre resulted from the evacuation of 35-45 thousands of Ukrainian nationals mainly from Odessa and Novorossiisk to Turkey, Balkan region, Mediterranean and Northern Africa. Several overturns of General Denikin's Army pertained the evacuation. The second wave emigre was of highly mobile nature. It is classified with multidirectional flows i.e. re-immigration to he Balkans and Central Europe, repatriation to the UPR, USSR, RSFRR, Poland (Western Galychyna and Volyn), returning to Crimea for joining either the White Army of Wrangel or the UPR Army, and the first wave emigre refugees movement. The refugees laid significant basis for Russian and Ukrainian immigration on the territory of South-West Europe.

43-48

Authors: Ivanyuk O.L.

The article deals with the reflection of the preparation for the First All-Russian census in 1897 that one can read about in "Poltava province news". Particular attention is focused on the preparation for the census in Poltava province of the Empire of Russia.

57-65

Authors: Fedorenko Y.A.

The article is devoted to the analysis of social infrastructure transformation in Ukrainian village in the end of the ХХ - beginning of the ХХІ century. Besides, characteristics are given to such elements of its application as personal services sphere, pre-school and secondary education establishments, health care institutions. The article spotlights questions connected with optimization of rural education and medicine.

79-85

Authors: Goncharenko L.L., Olitskiy V.O.

The research of the elucidation of abdication of the throne by emperor Mykola II and his further destiny on the territory of Sumy region in 1917-1918 based on the documents from State Archive of Sumy Oblast is presented in this article. There was also made the analysis of archive documents on this question. It is also tracked how the local press informs the citizens about the exact event.

101-108

Authors: Demydenko N. M.

The article deals with the life and the creative work of Gregory A. Polіtika (1725-1774) - an outstanding social activist, historian, lawyer, who was born in the city of Romny Sumy region.

115-120

Authors: Nitchenko A.G.

The professional carrier and social activity of V.M. Ammosov were studied. It is noted that with his tireless work V.M. Ammosov has left a noticeable trace in the history of state and public institutions of Chernigiv province. The circumstances of his death amid the revolutionary events of 1917 - 1918 were highlighted.

132-137

Authors: Kazakov M.V.

In this article an attempt to analyze the development of historiography of revived orthodox brotherhoods, including the evolution of historians' views from the mid-19th century to modernity is made.

150-157

Authors: Salata O.О.

The article is devoted to illumination of evolution of activity of museum as a sociocultural institute, to the center of development and maintainance of national traditions in the system of historical memory, to determination of ways of development of museum in the conditions of modern outer space.

170-171

Authors: Bilinskyi O.O.

For the first time the field diary of D.T.Berezovets, the famous archaeologist, is published. Observations of the investigator are of some interest for the scientists as a source of historical and monument protection information.

171-176

Authors: Berezovets D.Т.

The field diary of the known archaeologist is first published Berezovets D.Т. Supervisions of researcher are of interest and now as a source historical and to monument protection information.

5-14

Authors: Voznyi I. P.

The article analyzes the tools for writing in 12th - early 13th centuries found at archaeological locations on the territories of the South-Western Rus. The author gives typological classification of tools for writing and analyzes the use of it by different levels of population depending on material. It is proved that culture and spiritual life of South-Western Rus in 12th - 13th centuries developed in the mainstream of ancient culture and it is characterized by the same features.

24-31

Authors: Gostenina V. I., Koryukin A. P.

The article is dedicated to the problem of autopsied private company from the state's conglomeration of petroleum branch. This problem correlates with the Russian's traditions of the management, which are connected with the collectivist' culture. The transformation of the culture traditions compels the company to use different kinds of corporation culture, inside of the one. In the research authors describe the cultural reforms from the leader's one, which is named as “Spider” to the form characterized as directed to achieve the rational gourds and effective financial aims. This assessment authors achieve with the analyze of the attitudes into the microgroup of the private company “Autogassystem”. The main interest of the article is trades of the formation of the national traditions, which are presented in the global socium as intergroup values. Formation of these values of business – company in Russia appears in the same time as private companies are selected from the state sphere of the gas - branch.

40-44

Authors: Deliya O. V.

The basic tendencies of housing policy in the early years of the Bolshevik regime establishment are analyzed in the light of everyday experience of representatives the social elite of pre-revolutionary Ukrainian society.

54-60

Authors: Glavatsky M. V.

The article deals with cultural and educational activity of the German occupying authority on the basis of the archival materials. It reveals the peculiarities of the Ukrainian question on the territory of the general district "Kyiv" in 1941-1944

67-74

Authors: Panchenko V. I.

The article deals with the development, position and role of zemstvos in social and political life of the state. It analyzes zemstvos as local authorities and their influence on the further development of the zemstvo liberalism on the basis of I. P. Bilokonsky's work "selfgovernment and zemstvo".

83-88

Authors: Teletov O. S.

This article is dedicated to the famous doctor and educator Z. Y. Krasovytskyi. Krasovytskyi Zinovii Yosyfofych (27.ХI.1923, S.-Buda - 22.VIII.2008, Cologne, Germany) is the Honoured Doctor of USSR, (1966), Doctor of Medical Science (1980), professor, Great Patriotic War veteran. After graduating from the Kharkov Medical Institute worked as the Head of the Personnel Department of Sumy Regional Health Care Department, infectious disease physician, the Head of the Infectious Department of Sumy City Hospitals number 2 and number 4, Sumy City Hospital, the organizer and Chief Рhysician of the Sumy Regional Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases of Sumy State University.

97-104

Authors: Nitchenko A.G.

The organizational peculiarities of forming of public organizations' city executive committees are investigated. It is proved that their organizing was occurring on coalition and democratic fundamentals.

112-120

Authors: Chernous A.M., Zvagelskaya O.V.

For the first time is published the record of Spaske village (now Leninske village, Krolevets district, Sumy region), which covers the period from 1867 to 1874. The material is of interest as a source of information about the local history of religious life in the region, weather and climatic conditions, market prices, some of the local life. The original is lost. It has been reproduced from typewritten of mid-twentieth century, which is stored in local lore. It is served with abbreviations in the original language, with minor edits.

5-12

Authors: Mashevskiy O.P.

The approaches of Russian and Soviet historians of the 19th - early 21th century to the Black Sea Straits issue, one of the most critical problems of international relations is considered in the article. This article distils and disaggregates the evolution of Russian and Soviet historiography of tsarist Russia foreign policy concerning the “Eastern Question” and the Constantinople, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles issue. The particular attention is paid to the analysis of the perception of Russian historians of the Great Powers struggle for the Straits as one of the important reasons of the First World War. The debates as well as the various points of view of major historical trends considering this topic are analyzed. The influence of the political situation on historical research, both in the period of the Russian autocracy, the Soviet Union and in modern Russia is examined.

21-33

Authors: Zhmaka V.M.

The budgets of cities of Left-bankness in 1920th, in particular themsinkheads are investigated in the article. The author analysed historiography and sources base of problem in detail. It is found out on the basis of statistical data, how forming of sinkheads of municipal estimates was in the years of new economic policy: determined size budgets; comparison of budgets of circular and noncircular cities is done; the size of money which were on one city-dweller is set; the principal items of receipt of money are found out in the cities of different types; comparing is carried out to the pre-revolution period; summarizing conclusions are done.

47-56

Authors: Nikitin Y.O.

The author analyzes the changes of the city life and the urban populations as a result of the activities of municipal government in Sumy. He reveals the main activities of municipal authorities to resolve economic, social and humanitarian problems.

66-73

Authors: Chernobrov I.V.

In the article the results of the first in Kharkov factory district sanitary and hygienic inspections of industrial enterprises, workplace conditions of factory and agricultural workers are considered. The negative impact of many active industrial enterprises on the health of workers and district inhabitants, and on the environment is described.

84-90

Authors: Pirozhkov H.P.

The article presents the explanation of an educational programme worked out by the association of local history researchers “Tambov local history studies centre”. The author points out the importance of studying one’s native land, of local history education, which connects intellectual and spiritual resources of a person and a society with their environment, for improving the culturological competence of a specialist. The programme can be seen as a promising form of incorporating education into cultural environment.

100-126

Authors: Degtyarev S.I.

The paper considers the process of the incorporation of Ukrainian serving elite in the bureaucratic system of Russian Empire in the middle of XVIII - the beginning of XIX century. The problems that arose in this case such as the acceptance of Ukrainian civil servants to get into the range of the Empire nobles are analyzed here. The texts of the documents on which the analysis is made are given.