European Reviews of Chemical Research

88-93

Authors: P. Thriveni, K.P.V. Subba Rao, M. Hari Krishna, C. Viswanatha

We report the synthesis of benzoxazoles using boric acid as catalyst in aqueous media. Synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles derivatives from 2-amino phenol and a variety of aldehydes were developed under mild reaction conditions. The selection and use of water is emphasized as regards methods to minimize environmental impact. On completion of reaction the products were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass Spectra. These methods are more convenient and reactions can be carried out in higher yield.

52-58

Authors: Alena E. Bezdetnova, Vyacheslav F. Markov, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Viktor I. Zelenin

The boundary conditions of formation of hydroxides are determined by calculation of ion equilibrium with use of thermodynamic constants of metals For system “Pd(NO3)2 – Al2O3 – La2O3 – HAc – H2O". Possibility of decrease in dynamic viscosity of the “Pd(NO3)2 – Al2O3 – La2O3 – HAc – H2O”, suspension having pH = 3 at addition of 1% of an aqueous solution is experimentally shown cation-active surfactant at 1.74 time: with 850.62 to 488.95 mPa•s. The morphology of particles of suspension before and after the addition in it surfactant cation-active Praestol 655 FC is investigated.

10-27

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

The reactions of condensation–dehydration occurring in alkaline aqueous solutions at t = 65–95 0C and рН = 9–11, resulting in synthesis from unorganic molecules the larger organic molecules as polymers and short polipeptides in the process of modeling of primary hydrosphere, were discussed, as well as the possible mechanisms of the deuterium accumulation in form of HDO in hot water. For this aim we performed experiments with hot mineral water and seawater from Bulgaria and water with varying content of deuterium using IR- and DNES-spectroscopy. As model systems were used cactus juice of Echinopsis pachanoi and Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. It was demonstrated that hot alkaline mineral water with temperature from +65 0C to +95 0C and the pH value from 9 to 11 is more suitable for the origination of life and living matter than other analyzed water samples. In hot mineral waters the local maximums in IR-spectra are more manifested compared to the local maximums obtained in IR-spectra of the same water at a lower temperature. The difference in the local maximums from +20 0C to +95 0C at each +5 0C according to the Student t-criterion makes up p < 0,05.

211-231

Authors: Oleg Mosin, Ignat Ignatov

We studied the biosynthesis of 2H-labeled purine ribonucleoside inosine excreted into liquid microbial culture (LC) by Gram-positive chemoheterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157 while growing of this bacterium on heavy water (HW) medium with 2% (v/v) hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2H-labeled growth substrates. Isolation of 2H-labeled inosine from the LC was performed by adsorption/desorption on activated carbon with following extraction by 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer (pH = 8,9), crystallization in 80% (v/v) EtOH, and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) on a column with AG50WX 4 cation exchange resin equilibrated with 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer and 0,045 M NH4Cl. The investigation of deuterium incorporation into the inosine molecule by FAB method demonstrated the incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms into the molecule (the total level of deuterium enrichment – 65,5 atom% 2H) with 3 deuterium atoms included into the ribose and 2 deuterium atoms – into the hypoxanthine residue of the molecule. Three non-exchangeable deuterium atoms were incorporated into the ribose residue owing to reactions of enzymatic izomerization of glucose in 2H2O-medium. These non-exchangeable deuterium atoms in the ribose residue were originated from glycolysis, associated with the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, while two other deuterium atoms at C2,C8-positions in the hypoxanthine residue were synthesized from [2H]amino acids that originated from the deuterated hydrolysate of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662. However, the effect of auxotrophy of this strain in tyrosine, histidine, adenine and uracilб presupposes the branched metabolic pathways, different those indicated above.

166-179

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

We studied the physical-chemical properties of mountain water from Bulgaria influenced by the fullerene analogous, carbon containing natural mineral shungite from Zazhoginskoe deposit in Karelia (Russian Federation) and the microporous crystalline aluminosilicate mineral zeolite (Most, Bulgaria) for evaluation of the mathematical model of interaction of these minerals with water. The data about the structure and composition were obtained with using of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and IR-spectroscopy. For evaluation of the mathematical model of interaction of these minerals with water, the methods of non-equilibrium spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium spectrum (DNES) of water were applied. The average energy (∆EH...O) of hydrogen Н…O-bonds among individual molecules H2O after treatment of shungite and zeolite with water was measured at -0,1137 eV for shungite and -0,1174 eV for zeolite. The calculation of ∆EH...O for shungite with using DNES method compiles +0,0025±0,0011 eV and for zeolite -1,2±0,0011 eV. The results indicated on the different mechanisms of interaction of these minerals with water, which is determined by their structure and the composition of constituent components, resulting in a different physical-chemical behavior when interacting with water.