International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water

383-404

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Viqar Husain

Groundwater samples (n = 72) were collected from shallow (depth < 30 meters) wells located in three union councils (Lakhat, Sheikh Bhirkyo, Tando Saindad) of Tando Muhammad Khan district. Data reveal that all three union councils are sewage impacted where severity increases in the order of Tando Saindad > Lakhat > Sheikh Bhirkyo. The same order of intensity is reported for As concentration i.e. Tando Saindad (n = 25; range: 10-600 μg/L) >Lakhat (n = 15; range: 20-250 μg/L) >Sheikh Bhirkyo (n = 6; range: 50-100 μg/L) suggesting the strong control of sewage mixing in arsenic release. Tando Saindad union council is worst arsenic affected which is located adjacent to Tando Muhammad Khan city suggesting the transport of anthropogenic contaminants to groundwater system through aquifer recharge. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on 15 variables with outcome of four significant factors (F) explaining the 79% of total variance. F1 suggested the intense water sediment interaction as indicated by strong loading (F1 > ± 0.6). F2 revealed the organic matter (natural and sewage derived) decomposition leading to arsenic and fluoride release from host sediments (mainly biotite). F3 strongly supports the prevalence of anoxia which is expressed by strong loading of pH and NO3. Factor 4 is supporting the widely known mechanism of reductive dissolution of FeOOH which is mainly derived by organic matter respiration by bacteria in the host sediments of shallow aquifers. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

429-448

Authors: Han Guo, Jichao Sun, Mingzhi Liu

In this paper, Phase2 software is used to simulate six groups of natural loess specimens in the northern slope of Bailu Plateau landslide area. The effective steady-state shear strength of loess specimens under different moisture content (6%, 11%, 21%, 26%, 30%, 32%) is simulated. We analyzed the stress and displacement, and we used residual thrust method to calculate the stability of sliding surface at different moisture content. The stability of the northern slope of Bailu tableland is analyzed at different moisture content. The "9.17 northern slope landslide of Bailu tableland" is summarized. The comprehensive evaluation of the northern slope landslide of Bailu tableland is carried out, the paper analyzed treatment measures of landslide. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

311-324

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Yusra Rehman

The aim of present study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of Liaquatabad Town using water quality index (WQI) measured through physico-chemical parameters. For this purpose, groundwater samples (n = 31) were randomly collected through boring wells from various sites of study area. Data revealed that TDS content of groundwater is very high (mean: 1045.55 mg/L) which is double the WHO limit for drinking purpose. Elevated concentration of Ca, Na, Cl, and HCO3 is reported in 85%, 33%, 40% and 70% wells respectively which are exceeding the corresponding WHO guideline for drinking purpose. Very high concentration of these major ions (Ca, Na, Cl, and HCO3) is indicative of sewage mixing with groundwater in Liaquatabad. The calculated value of water quality index (WQI = 66.1) shows that groundwater in Liaquatabad town is not suitable for drinking purpose but can be used for industrial and irrigation purpose. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

339-363

Authors: Fenzhen Ye*, Jichao Sun*, Qing Li

The author relies on the "Aojiang River Basin decorative stone centralized mining area UAV aerial image interpretation" project, obtained by aerial image interpretation of the Aojiang River basin in Fujian Province decorative stone geological evaluation of environmental indicators of the basic data. On this basis, it is put forward that it is suitable to evaluate the geology environment of facing stone mine by adopting the grid method and analytic hierarchy process. The geological environment evaluation of facing stone mine based on the grid method and AHP was studied, and the geological environment evaluation index of the mining face stone mining in Aojiang River Basin was collected. According to ARCGIS platform, the index assignment is converted into the corresponding raster data, and then the contrast matrix is calculated to calculate the index weight, and the raster data is used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation of the geological environment in the study area. Finally, the grading map of the geological environment assessment in the study area is obtained. Thus providing basic data and decision-making basis for eco-environmental protection in Aojiang River Basin and accumulating experience for the evaluation of mine geological environment in the province. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

247-263

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Asal EghbalBakhtiari

Present study is aimed at assessing the groundwater quality in coastal part of Karachi and detection of seawater intrusion through major ion geochemistry of the coastal groundwater occurring in Korangi and DHA areas. For this purpose 6 groundwater samples were collected from deep wells (mean depth: 600ft) of Korangi and DHA phase VIII. Groundwater pH is slightly variable which ranges between acidic to alkaline (6.6-8.5) with a mean of 7.7. The groundwater is classified as moderate to highly saline (mean TDS: 21234 mg/L) and very hard (hardness: 3221.3 mg/L). Hydro-geochemical analysis of collected samples revealed that the dominant hydrofacies in the groundwater is Na-Cl. In addition, excess of Ca and Mg followed by dominance of Cl over alkali ions suggest that the groundwater is highly saline mixed through sea water intrusion. The overall major ion chemistry reveals that such groundwater is not suitable for domestic purpose. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

277-292

Authors: Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian, Mohammad Daneshkhah, Mohammad Heydari

Sedimentation of dams in Iran is an important issue. Often the sedimentation prediction is done in different ways in dams’ design. Sometimes due to lack of data of sedimentation, the calculations lead to false results. To compare the predictions made as to whether the design is correct or not a method called Bathymetry is being used to determine the amount of sediment deposited in the reservoir in a certain period of time. The comparison between the above methods can determine whether the rate of deposition matches the anticipated design time or not? Therefore, in this paper, deposition rate obtained through Bathymetry was compared to the amount of anticipated deposition at design time in Karaj and Latian dams. So we used 40 to 45 years of operation period, which is done by echo sounder system, with the gained results during designing of Karaj dam and Latian dam. Furthermore, sedimentation rate and volume reduction percentage are evaluated in these two dams and the results were analyzed for determining sedimentation rate and also to study whether the total sediment volume during the reservoir useful life coincides calculations during designing. In the end, it showed that the Area Increment Method for the mentioned dams was not an appropriate and adequate method to distribute sediments. The data obtained by sedimentation through Bathymetry findings can be a model for other dams in Iran and worldwide. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

176-192

Authors: Pedro Victor Serra Mascarenhas, André Luís Brasil Cavalcante

This work regards oil flow in petroleum reservoirs. It is an analysis that aims the study of monophasic oil flow in porous media through the Diffusivity Equation’s analytical solution for a radial, transient flow when varying reservoir and fluid parameters. This solution is especially important for preliminaries studies of petroleum reservoir regarding its economic and technical production viability for a qualitative understanding of the flow in the reservoir. In addition, a numerical model based on the Finite Difference Method (FDM) is implemented to solve the radial flow and relax the simplifying hypothesis used to solve the governing equation analytically. The numerical, more realistic, solution is compared to the analytical solution and the effects of the simplifying hypotheses of the model are further discussed. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

205-216

Authors: Ravi Sharma

Screening of 42 wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars for their relative salt tolerance at the early seedling stage showed only 11 cultivars found to have < 60% reduction in shoot growth while majority of the 31 had > 60% reduction at 16 EC dsm-1 in contrast with root growth where almost a reverse trend was noticed as only 15 cultivars showed > 60% reduction whereas 27 had < 60% reduction proving shoot to be more sensitive to salinity than the root demonstrating shoot growth to be a better index of relative salt tolerance. Further, a level of 12 EC was found to be critical level. Based on these observations all the cultivars were categorized into salt–tolerant, moderately salt–tolerant and salt–sensitive groups exhibiting < 40%, 40–60% and > 60% reduction respectively in shoot length at 12 EC (dsm-1) over control. Thus, a clear pattern of differential relative behavior of the three groups is visible in the gradual decrease in shoot growth in both the salt-tolerant and moderately salt-tolerant cultivars and a sharp decline in the salt-sensitive cultivars. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

100-133

Authors: M.Hamed Metwalli; Naeema B.Khouri

The Early Cretaceous/Thamama Group is a major oil-bearing carbonate sequence which represents the economically most important reservoir unit in the studied area. The structural pattern of this part of the Arabian Shield is relatively simple with prevailing gentle folding and warping, which formed and modeled the major reservoir – traps "aggregated reservoirs" in Abu Dhabi area. The distinctive structural style is together with the tripartite development of the source–reservoir–seal. Two petroleum systems are identified in the Cretaceous successions and two major source rocks have been predicted. The development of an exploration model for the studied lithostratigraphic section requires an understanding of the source and migration conduits in the two identified petroleum systems. Accordingly, this paper is an additive effort to clarify the petroleum geology of the United Arab Emirates area. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

153-162

Authors: Fu Shifeng; Zhang Guangtian; Song Yang

The preparation method of the new type of foam concrete board was studied. The influence of different amount of fly ash on the compressive strength, water absorption and thermal conductivity of foamed concrete was studied. The experimental results show that under the same bulk density, the 28 day compressive strength of foamed concrete increases with the increase of the content of fly ash, and the compressive strength is the highest when the amount of fly ash is 30%, and the strength of the case of the larger design weight is smaller. And the water absorption rate is as the increase of the amount of fly ash and the overall tends to decline, and in the design of bulk density of 600 kg•m-3, water cement ratio is 0.42, the amount of fly ash is 30%, the water absorption rate of foam concrete. The thermal conductivity of foamed concrete has no obvious effect on the thermal conductivity, which can reduce the thermal conductivity of concrete, and the minimum thermal conductivity is 0.55 w•( m•K)-1. the influence of different dosage of silica fume, water absorption, thermal conductivity, different dosage and different time on the degradation rate is discussed. The results show that, with the increase of silica fume, the compressive strength of foamed concrete is increased by 28 days, and the strength of foamed concrete can be improved by 10%. And the water absorption rate of the whole tends to decrease with the increase of the amount of silica fume, and the water absorption rate of foamed concrete is greatly reduced when the amount of silica fume is 10%. When mixed with 10%, the thermal conductivity of concrete is reduced, the thermal conductivity of the concrete is 0.62 w / (m•K). The degradation rate increased with the increase of the amount of titanium dioxide, and the degradation rate was 96% in 80 hours when the amount of nano-TiO2 was 0.9. In the specimen curing time, the shorter the spraying time, the better the degradation rate. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, @ Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/